ΓΥ7ΩΗ ΓΥ70Κ
rYTOR ΓΥΖΟΚ ΓΥ7ΛΗ ΓΥ7ΑΡ 1 YZOH AddTYZOR to improve the crosslinking that improves your product. If you are working with resins containing active hydrogens, Du Pont TYZORR organic titanates can provide the crosslinking key that improves your product's properties. Hardness, solvent resistance, electrical characteristics, or heat resistance are examples. There's a wide variety of applica tions for TYZOR. Printing inks, paints, coatings and gels are some of them. The seven high-purity TYZOR products are non-corrosive and excellent for a broad range of reactivity. Waterstable chelated forms are also available. Find out what our TYZOR organic titanates can do for your product. Send for our 48-page technical brochure. Du Pont Company, Room 35688 Wilmington, DE 19898
Please send me your ι 48-page brochure about I TYZOR organic titanates. ι Mame_
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SU PONT CIRCLE 8 ON READER SERVICE CARD
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C&EN July 10, 1978
says, "is consistent with the fact that public benefits from the support of R&D come only from the widespread deploy ment of the products of R&D in the civil sector." As the report points out, "Expe rience clearly indicates that there is no assurance of realizing such benefit solely from federal support of R&D." Thus, it concludes that "it is not apparent" that the opposition in some government circles to negotiating patent rights with private firms is "fully warranted." Copies of the report, "Applications of R&D in the Civil Sector: The Opportunity Provided by the Federal Grant and Co operative Agreement Act of 1977," are available from the U.S. Government Printing Office. The GPO stock number of the report is 052-003-00545-0; the price is $2.30.
Hearings probe drug reform economics In the debate swirling around the Ad ministration's proposed rewrite of the U.S. drug laws a major focus has been the effects of federal drug regulation on in novation in the pharmaceutical industry. Late last month a House subcommittee considering the legislation heard from nonscientists—economists—about how (or would) government controls affect the drug business. Dr. Henry G. Grabowski, professor of economics at Duke University, told the House Interstate & Foreign Commerce Committee's Subcommittee on Health & the Environment that "as regulatory controls have become increasingly more stringent over this [drug] industry since 1962, a number of adverse trends in pharmaceutical innovation have become apparent." Grabowski argues that be cause of federal regulation the cost of in troducing a new chemical entity (as op posed to so-called "me too" drugs or dif ferent dosage forms of existing drugs) has soared to as much as $50 million and length of time needed to win Food & Drug Administration approval of a new drug has stretched to as long as 10 years. At the same time, Grabowski claims that the proportion of new drug introductions has risen sharply in favor of the very largest drug firms in recent years, indicating that smaller drug companies are being squeezed out of drug development by in creased costs. Industry R&D, too, Grabowski ob serves, has shown little if any growth in real terms since the beginning of the 1970's. Moreover, he points out that in creasingly U.S. drug research is being carried out abroad. A National Science Foundation study, for instance, shows that about one third of all U.S. new drugs are first investigated abroad before they are introduced here. At the same time, many new drugs introduced in the U.S. since 1966 (indeed drugs that have been cited as important therapeutic advances) were available abroad before they were in the U.S. He notes that 14 of 27 important
Federal Alert— new legislation This C&EN report lists new legisla tion introduced between May 24 and June 27. Senate and House bills are listed under areas of interest by bill number, primary sponsor, and the committee to which the bill has been referred. HOUSE Competition. H.R. 13116—McKinney (R.Conn.). Requires Federal Trade Commission to monitor industries that produce supplies from or that hold reserves of energy sources; take action to prevent noncompetitive mar ket situation from evolving or continuing; referred to Interstate & Foreign Com merce. Energy. H.R. 12922—Pursell (R.-Mich.). Establishes a National Energy Trust Fund to support RD&D on alternative energy tech nologies; referred to Science & Technolo gyEnvironment. H.R. 13084—Livingston (R.La.). Amends federal water pollution control law to provide a lower limit on penalties for the discharge of hazardous substances; re ferred to Public Works & Transportation. Explosives. H.R. 12947—Anderson (D. Calif.). Requires addition of chemical mark ers to explosive materials for purpose of identification, detection; referred to Judi ciary. Health. H.R. 12980—Rogers (D.-Fla.). Re forms U.S. drug laws, establishes National Center for Clinical Pharmacology; referred to Interstate & Foreign Commerce. H.R. 13028—Wampler (R.-Va.). Directs EPA to request National Academy of Sciences study concerning standardization of certain tests for determining potential carcinogens; referred to Agriculture, Interstate & Foreign Commerce. Liability. H.R. 13260—Steiger (R.-Wis.). Provides a tax deduction for certain amounts paid to product liability loss reserve ac counts; referred to Ways & Means. Materials. H.R. 13025—Hollenbeck (R.-NJ.). Establishes national materials policy plan, federal mechanism to carry out such plan; referred to Government Operations, Interior & Insular Affairs, Interstate & Foreign Com merce, Rules. Nuclear. H.R. 13259—Ryan (D.-Calif.). Provides for a public proceeding by NRC to determine whether radioactive wastes can be safely contained, whether a plan for such containment exists; referred to Interior & Insular Affairs. Resources. H.R. 12988—Murphy (D.-N.Y.). Sets U.S. law governing development of hard mineral resources in deep seabed, com promise worked out among four committees; referred to interior & insular Affairs, Inter national Relations, Merchant Marine & Fisheries, Ways & Means. Safety. H.R. 13296—Skubitz (R.-Kan.). Ex empts employers of 10 or fewer people from coverage under OSHA, requires issuance of warnings to employers of fewer than 25 persons for first instance violations, bars assessment of penalties where fewer than 10 violations are cited; referred to Education & Labor.
Add a dash of ZONYL to make water wetter and save yourself some money. A little ZONYL® fluorosurfactant goes a long, long way toward making water wetter and saving you money. ZONYL reduces surface tension to values below those reached by other types of surfactants. You need so little to do the job, you can end up spending less than you would on less expensive wetting agents. In most applications, ZONYL surfactants are effective in concentrations as low as 50 to 1,000 ppm (0.005 to 0.1%). You can even wet TEFLON* They're also stable, both chemically and thermally. You can use them in strong acids or concentrated alkalis, and at high temperatures, conditions that cause hydro carbon surfactants to decompose. There's a ZONYL surfactant of each ionic type— cationic, anionic, nonionic and amphoteric.
Mail us the coupon, and we'll send you our 16-page technical brochure about ZONYL fluorosurfactants. Du Pont Company, Room 35687
-o XD
Wilmington, DE 19898
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βΕ CIRCLE 9 ON READER SERVICE CARD July 10, 1978 C&EN
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micromeritics Λ-
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A Proven Leader Worldwide in îîcie Technology and Liquid Chromatography THE RECOGNIZED WORLD LEADER IN CHARACTERIZING MATERIALS: Automatic Particle Size analyzers, fast B.E.T. Surface Area analyzers; manual and automatic Adsorption-Desorption Isotherms, Surface Area, Pore Structure and Chemisorption studies; single and multi-chamber porosimeters for Pore Volume and Pore Size analysis; manual and automatic helium pycnometers to measure Absolute Volume for True Density determinations; and a versatile analyzer for Electrophoretic Mobility and Zeta Potential determination. We also have an outstanding Materials Analysis Laboratory for physical properties measurements. CIRCLE 43 O N READER SFRVICE CARD
INTEGRATED SYSTEMS FOR SUPERIOR PERFORMANCE HPLC: Liquid Chromatographs— gradient and isocratic; Automatic Injectorsmanual and microprocessor controlled; Detectors— UV, Rl and UV- Vis variable wavelength; Columns-afull line, pre-packed with high efficiency/resolution; Microparticulate Column-Packers for analytical and preparative columns; and a complete line of Accessories. For additional information, contact Micromeritics Instrument Corporation, 5680 Goshen Springs Road. Norcross, Georgia 30093. Phone (404) 448-828? Telex: 70-7450. CIRCLE 44 O N READER SERVICE CARD
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C&ENJuly 10, 1978
U.S. drug products were previously in troduced in the U.K. And he adds, "This was true despite the fact that the majority of these drugs were discovered in U.S. research laboratories." The Administration's proposed legis lation, however, has been billed as a remedy for many of these problems. But, observes Grabowski, there is "very little in the bill that would provide significant new positive incentives for drug innova tion and there are several aspects of the bill that could have a significant negative effect on innovation.,, For example, he believes that the bill's proposed mono graph system which prescribes published identity standards for all new drug com pounds "entails a longer, more formal and complex process of approval than the present law [and] will surely require more time and FDA resources than the present approval process." Grabowski says that the main incentive in the bill (H.R. 11611 and its companion S. 2755) is its provision for speedy ap proval of "breakthrough" drugs, drugs that in the hands of specialists could provide new therapy for serious illnesses before all the cumbersome regulatory steps are complete. He cautions, however, that "scientific advances in the drug areas, as in other fields, are often incremental in character, and frequently cumulate only gradually over time to major gains in so cial welfare." Nevertheless, the Administration is steadfast in its support of drug law re form. William D. Nordhaus, a member of the White House Council of Economic Advisors, argues that "the bill should speed research by reducing FDA control over drug investigations in their early stages. By distinguishing between early drug innovation investigations and later drug development investigations, and by keying appropriate regulatory controls to each phase, the bill gives free rein to the creativity of the drug innovator." The bill would ease restrictions on so-called Phase I clinical trials of new drugs where many compounds get shelved because they don't fulfill their promise. This has the potential for saving pharmaceutical firms both time and money, bill supporters claim. Nordhaus, however, seemed to be willing to make a concession on the monograph system contained in the bill. As now proposed, the drug monograph would give a drug developer five years of exclusive use of proprietary data supplied to FDA in support of a new drug approval. But the data would at the same time be made public. Critics of the proposed leg islation contend that this would allow foreign drug makers to pirate U.S.-de veloped data and beat U.S. firms out of key world markets. Observes Nordhaus, "The main negative effect of full disclo sure [of drug data] might be to tilt com panies to slightly earlier foreign intro duction . . . . If more incentives to dis covery are desired, it would be more efficient to lengthen the period of exclu sive use [of data] than to impede the flow of information." D
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