Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 3301-3308
3301
Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
Heterobimetallic Au-Os and Au-Ru Hydrido Complexes. X-ray Crystal and Molecular Structures of [ A U ~ O S ( H ) ~ ( P P ~ ~and ) ~ ][AuRu(H),(CO)( PF~ PPh3)4]PF6 Bruce D. Alexander, M. Pilar Gomez-Sal,? Patrick R. Gannon, Christine A. Blaine, Paul D. Boyle, Ann M. Mueting, and Louis H. Pignolet* Received March 16, 1988 Several new heterobimetallic hydrides containing gold have been synthesized. [ A U ~ ~ ~ ( H ) , ( P P ~(1)~ was ) ~ ]made P F ~by the reaction of AuPPh,NOJ and OS(H).,(PP~,)~with CH2C12as solvent. [Au2Ru(H),(PPh,),]PF6 (2) was synthesized in an analogous manner from AuPPh3N03 and Ru(H),(PPh,), with toluene as solvent. [AuRu(H),(CO)(PPh,),]PF, (3) and its osmium analogue, [AuOs(H),(CO)(PPh,),]PF, ( 4 , and [AuOS(H)~(CO)~(PP~~)~]PF~ (5) and its ruthenium analogue, [AURU(H)~(CO)~(PP~,),]PF, (6), were prepared by the reaction of AuPPh3N03with M(H),(CO)(PPh,), (M = Ru, Os) and M(H),(CO),(PPh,), (M = Ru, Os),respectively, with CH2C12as solvent. Compounds 1 and 3 were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction in the solid state [1-3CH2CI2.2Et,0, monoclinic P2i/n, a = 13.64 (2) A, b = 40.89 (2) A, c = 17.53 (1) A, @ = 102.54 (9)O, T = -116 O C , Z = 4, R = 0.051 for 10 180 observations; 3.2CH2CI2, triclinic Pi,a = 15.404 (3) A, b = 19.461 (8) A, c = 13.868 (7) A, LY = 98.86 (4)O, 0 = 105.68 (3)O, y = 87.73 (2)O, T = 22 OC, Z = 2, R = 0.051 for 9648 observations] and by 3iPand IH NMR spectroscopy in solution. The structure of complex 1 consists of two Au(PPh3) units bonded to an Os(PPh,), moiety forming a slightly distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry with no Au-Au bond (4.28A). The hydride ligands were not directly observed by X-ray diffraction in 1; however, spectroscopic evidence indicates the presence of one hydride bridging each of the Au-Os bonds on the outside edges of the Au20s triangle and a third hydride briding one of the Au-Os bonds on the inside edge of the Au20s triangle. Supporting evidence for the characterization of complex 1 in the solid state was obtained with the use of C P MAS ,'P NMR spectroscopy. In the X-ray diffraction analysis of complex 3 one of the hydride ligands was directly observed bridging the Au-Ru bond. Spectroscopic evidence supports the formulation of 3 as a bis(p-hydrido) species. The average Au-Os and Au-Ru distances in 1 and 3 are 2.703 (0) and 2.786 (1) A, respectively, and the Ru-H and Au-H separations in 3 are 1.78 (4)and 1.61 (4) A, respectively. Compounds 2 and 4-6 were also determined to have bridging hydrides by NMR and IR spectroscopy. Preliminary results indicate that the gold adduct [AuRu(H)~(CO)(PP~,),]PF, (3) has a significantly higher rate of catalytic activity than its parent complex, Ru(H)2(CO)(PPh7)3, for the isomerization of 1-hexene to cb- and trans-2-hexene in CH2CI2at 25 "C and 1 atm of N2.
Introduction
The synthesis, structural characterization, and reactivity studies of mixed transition-metal-gold cluster compounds are rapidly expanding fields of These compounds a r e important not only because of their novel structural properties and their potential for assisting in understanding the role of gold in bimetallic surface ~ a t a l y s i s , ~ but ' ~ ' also because of their potential as homogeneous bimetallic catalysts. Of the cluster compounds synthesized to date, however, only a few have shown catalytic behavior under homogeneous ~ o n d i t i o n s . ~ It ~ ,is~ our ~ , ~goal ~ t o continue to synthesize and characterize new transition-metal-gold cluster compounds and to study their reactivities, especially as they relate to catalysis, in an effort to develop a better understanding of the role of gold in catalysis. A variety of transition-metal-gold hydride cluster compounds have been prepared in our laboratory over the past several years.'-'O Recently, we reported the synthesis, single-crystal X-ray analysis, and spectroscopic characterization of several gold-ruthenium hydride cluster corn pound^.^*^^^ We have made further progress in this area and have extended it to the synthesis of gold-osmium complexes. [Au20s(H)3(PPh,),] PF6 (1), [ AuOs( H),( C0)(PPh,),] PF6 (4, and [ A U O ~ ( H ) ~ ( C O ) ~ 3]( PPF6 P ~(~5)) were synthesized along with their ruthenium analogues. Compound 1 and the ruthenium analogue of 4, [AuRu(H),(CO)(PP~,)~]PF~ (3), were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and by 31Pand 'H NMR spectroscopy. Complex 1 was also characterized by CP MAS 31PNMR spectroscopy. The hydride ligands in 1 were not located by X-ray diffraction, and only one hydride ligand was directly observed in the molecular structure of 3. Spectroscopic evidence indicates, however, that all six complexes have hydrides bridging the Au-M bonds. Complex 1 is unusual in that there is no Au-Au bonding interaction. This is due to the presence of a hydride ligand bridging one of t h e Au-Os bonds and located between the two gold atoms in the A u 2 0 s plane. T h e gold-ruthenium cluster compound 3 shows a significant increase in the rate of isomerization of 1-hexene to cis-
+ On
leave from the Universidad de Alcala de Henares, Spain.
and trans-2-hexene in CH2C12a t 25 OC and 1 atm of N2 over that of its parent complex, Ru(H),(CO)(PPh,),. Mueting, A. M.; Bos, W.; Alexander, B. D.; Boyle, P. D.; Casalnuovo, J. A,; Balaban, S.; Ito, L. N.; Johnson, S . M.; Pignolet, L. H. Recent Advances in Di- and Polynuclear Chemistry; Braunstein, P., Ed.; New. J . Chem. 1988, 22, and references cited therein. Alexander, B. D.; Johnson, B. J.; Johnson, S . M.; Boyle, P. D.; Kann, N. C.; Mueting, A. M.; Pignolet, L. H. Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 3506. Boyle, P. D.; Johnson, B. J.; Alexander, B. D.; Casalnuovo, J. A,; Gannon, P. R.; Johnson, S . M.; Larka, E. A.; Mueting, A. M.; Pignolet, L. H. Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 1346. Alexander, B. D.; Boyle, P. D.; Johnson, B. J.; Johnson, S.M.; Casalnuovo, J. A,; Mueting, A. M.; Pignolet, L. H. Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 2547. Alexander, B. D.; Johnson, B. J.; Johnson, S . M.; Casalnuovo, A. L.; Pignolet L. H. J . A m . Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 4409. Boyle, P. D.; Johnson, B. J.; Buehler, A.; Pignolet, L. H. Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 5 .
Casalnuovo, A. L.; Laska, T.; Nilsson, P. V.; Olofson, J.; Pignolet, L. H. Inorg. Chem. 1985, 24, 233. Casalnuovo, A. L.;Laska, T.; Nilsson, P. V.; Olofson, J.; Pignolet, L. H.; Bos, W.; Bour, J. J.; Steggarda, J. J. Inorg. Chem. 1985, 24, 182. Casalnuovo, A. L.; Casalnuovo, J. A,; Nilsson, P. V.; Pignolet, L. H. Inorg. Chem. 1985, 24, 2554. Casalnuovo, A. L.; Pignolet, L. H.; van der Velden, J. W. A.; Bour, J. J.; Steggerda, J. J. J . A m . Chem. SOC.1983, 105, 5957. Bos, W.; Steggerda, J. J.; Shiping, Y . ;Casalnuovo, J. A.; Mueting, A. M.; Pignolet, L. H. Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 948. Bour, J. J.; Kanters, R. P. F.; Schlebos, P. P. J.; Bos, W.; Bosman, W. P.; Behm, H.; Beurskens, P. T.; Steggerda, J. J. J . Organomet. Chem. 1987, 329, 405. Jones, P. G. Gold Bull. 1986, 29, 46 and references cited therein. Braunstein, P.; ROSE,J. Gold Bull. 1985, 18, 17. Hall, K. P.; Mingos, D. M. P. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1984, 32, 237 and references cited therein. Jones, P. G. Gold Bull. 1983, 16, 114 and references cited therein. ManojloviC-Muir, L.; Muir, K. W.; Treurnicht, I.; Puddephatt, R. J. Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 2418. Albinati, A,; Lehner, H.; Venanzi, L. M.; Wolfer, M. Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 3933. Evans, J.; Street, A. C.; Webster, M. Organometallics 1987, 6, 794. Freeman, M. J.; Orpen, A. G.; Salter, I. D. J . Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1987, 397, 1001. Murray, H.H.;Briggs, D. A.; Garz6n, G.;Raptis, R. G.; Porter, L. C.; Fackler, J. P., Jr. Organometallics 1987, 6 , 1992. Blohm, M. L.; Gladfelter, W. L. Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 459. Housecroft, C. E.;Rheingold, A. L. Organometallics 1987, 6, 1332. Blagg, A.; Shaw, B. L.; Thornton-Pett, M. J. Chem. Soc.,Dalton Trans. 1987, 169.
0020-1669/88/1327-3301$01.50/00 1988 American Chemical Society
3302 Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 27, No. 19, 1988 Experimental Section Physical Measurements and Reagents. IH and "P NMR spectra were
recorded at 300 and 121.5 MHz, respectively, with the use of a Nicolet NT-300 spectrometer. 3'P NMR spectra were run with proton decoupling and are reported in ppm relative to internal standard trimethyl phosphate (TMP), with positive shifts downfield. CP MAS NMR spectra were run on an IBM NRlOOAF spectrometer with a solids' accessory and a DOTY MAS multinuclear probe. Infrared spectra were recorded on a Perkin-Elmer 1710 FT-IR spectrometer. Conductivity measurements were made with use of Yellow Springs Model 31 conductivity bridge. Compound concentrations used in the conductivity experiments were 3 X M in CH3CN. FABMS experiments were carried out with use of a VG Analytical, Ltd., 7070E-HF high-resolution double-focusing mass spectrometer equipped with a VG 11/250 data s y ~ t e r n . ~Microanalyses were carried out by M-H-W Laboratories, Phoenix, AZ. Solvents were dried and distilled prior to use. A u P P ~ ~ NOs(H)4(PPhJ,$' O~,~ O S ( H ) ~ ( C O ) ( P P ~ , )Os(H)2(C0)2,,~ (PPh3),47R u ( H ) ~ ( P P ~ , ) ~Ru(H),(CO)(PP~,)~$~ $' and Ru(H),(CO),(PPh3)2s0were prepared as described in the literature. NH4PF6 was purchased from Aldrich Chemical Co. All manipulations were carried out under a purified N 2 atmosphere with use of standard Schlenk techniques unless otherwise noted. Preparation of Compounds. [Au2Os(H),(PPh3),]PF6 (1) was prepared by reaction of a CH,Cl2 suspension of Os(H),(PPh,), (10 mL, 623 mg, 0.635 mmol) with a CH2C12solution of AuPPh3N03 (10 mL, 662 mg, 1.27 mmol) at 0 "C. The resulting solution was allowed to warm to room temperature and then stirred for 1 h, during which time the osmium complex dissolved and a black solution resulted. Concentration of the solution and precipitation with Et,O resulted in a dark gray product. The solid was collected and redissolved in a minimum amount of CH2CI2,and the mixture was filtered into a MeOH solution that contained 660 mg of NH4PF6,forming a light gray precipitate. This precipitate was collected, washed with MeOH followed by Et20, and then redissolved in CH2CI2. Filtration of this solution through diatomaceous earth resulted in a clear pale yellow solution that precipitated a white solid in 60% yield Green, M.; Howard, J. A. K.; James, A. P.; Nunn, C. M.; Stone, F. G. A. J . Chem. SOC.,Dalton Trans. 1987, 61. Brown, S. S. D.; Salter, I. D.; Adatia, T.; McPartlin, M. J . Organomet. Chem. 1987, 332, C6. Low, A. A,; Lauher, J. W. Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 3863. Horton, A. D.; Mays, M. J.; McPartlin, M. J . Chem. SOC.,Chem. Commun. 1987, 424. Mingos, D. M. P.; Oster, P.; Sherman, D. J. J . Organomet. Chem. 1987, 320, 257. Bruce, M. I.; Williams, M. L.; Patrick, J. M.; Skelton, B. W.; White, A. H. J . Chem. SOC.,Dalton Trans. 1986, 2557. Johnson, B. F. G.; Lewis, J.; Nelson, W. J. H.; Vargas, M. D.; Braga, D.; Henrick, K.; McPartlin, M. J . Ckem. SOC.,Dalton Trans. 1986, 975. Drake, S. R.; Henrick, K.; Johnson, B. F. G.; Lewis, J.; McPartlin, M.; Morris. J. J . Chem. SOC..Chem. Commun. 1986. 928. Deeming, A. J.; Donovan-Mtunzi, S.; Hardcastle, K. J . Chem. SOC., Dalton Trans. 1986, 543. Puga, J.; Sanchez-Delgado,R. A.; Ascanio, J.; Braga, D. J. Chem. SOC., Ch&. Commun. 1986, 1631. Farrugia, L. J. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C Cryst. Srruct. Commun. 1986, C42, 680. Bos. W.: Bour. J. J.: Schlebos. P. P. J.: Haeeman. P.: Bosman. W. P.: Smits, J: M. M.;van Weitmarschen, J: A. ?.;Beurskens, P. T.Inorg: Chim. Acta 1986, 119, 141. Sinfelt, J. H. Bimetallic Catalysts;Wiley: New York, 1983; Chapters 1 and 2. Evans, J.; Jingxing, G. J. Chem. SOC.,Chem. Commun. 1985, 39. Schwank, J.; Outka, D. A.; Madix, R. J. Papers presented at the ACS Symposium on Catalysis of the Group 1B Metals, 189th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Miami Beach, FL, May 1-2, 1985. Schwank, J. Gold Bull. 1985, 18, 2; 1983, 16, 103. Wachs, I . E . Gold Bull. 1983, 16, 98. Exxon Research and Engineering Co., Eur. Patent 37700; US. Patent 4301086, U S . Patent 4342838. Union Carbide Corp., US. Patent 3878292. Cariati, F. Coord. Chem. Reu. Malatesta, J.; Naldini, L.; Simonetta, G.; 1966, I , 255. Ahmad, N.; Levison, J. J.; Robinson, S. D.; Uttley, M. F. Inorg. Synth. 1974, 15, 56. Ahmad, N.; Levison, J. J.; Robinson, S. D.; Uttley, M. F. Inorg. Synth. 1974, 15, 54. Ahmad, N.; Levison, J. J.; Robinson, S. D.; Uttley, M. F. Inorg. Synth. 1974, 15, 5 5 .
Harris, R. 0.;Hota, N. K.; Sadavoy, L.; Yuen, J. M. C. J . Organomet. Chem. 1973, 54, 259. Ahmad, N.; Levison, J. J.; Robinson, S. D.; Uttley, M . F. Inorg. Synth. 1974, 15, 48. Cenini, S.; Ponta, F.; Pizzotti, M. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1976, 20, 119.
Alexander et al. upon the addition of Et,O. Recrystallization from a CH2C1,/Et20 solvent mixture at ambient temperature produced clear white crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction. ,lP NMR (CD2CI2,-70 "C): 6 48.6 (PA, br s, int = 2), 21.8 (PB,br s, int = l), 5.7 (Pc, s, int = 2). CP MAS ,IP NMR (25 "C): 6 56.8 and 48.8 (PA), 19.6 (PB,br s), 5.8 (Pc, br s ) . 'H NMR in hydride region (CD2CI2,-70 "C): 6 -4.1 (HB, m, JHrpA = 27.3 Hz, JHB-pB = 23.4 Hz, JHB-pc = 15.4 Hz, int = l), -5.5 (HA, d of d of t, JvA-pA = 57.6 Hz, JHA-pB = 15.9 Hz, JHA-pc = 7.8 Hz, int = 2). Equivalent conductance (87.1 cm2 mhos mol-') is indicative of a 1:l electrolyte in CH,CN solution. FABMS (m-nitrobenzyl alcohol matrix): m / z 1899 ((Au,Os(H),(PPh,),)+ = (M)'), 1633 ((M - 3H - PPh,)'), 1557 ((M - 2H - PPh, - Ph)+). Anal. Calcd for A U ~ O S P ~ C ~ HC,~ ~ F , : 52.90; H, 3.85; P, 9.09. Found: C, 53.31; H, 3.99; P, 8.89. [ A U , R ~ ( H ) ~ ( P P ~ , ) ~(2) ] P was F ~ prepared by reaction of a toluene suspension of Ru(H),(PPh3), (15 mL, 349 mg, 0.392 mmol) with a toluene solution of AuPPh3N03 (15 mL, 450 mg, 0.863 mmol) under 1 atm of H2 at ambient temperature. An immediate reaction took place that led to complete dissolution of the ruthenium complex followed by the precipitation of a pale yellow product. The suspension was placed under a N, atmosphere and allowed to stir for 1 h. The solid was collected, washed with toluene, and redissolved in a minimum amount of CH2CI2,and the mixture was filtered into a MeOH solution containing 385 mg of ",PF,. An off-white precipitate formed, which was collected and washed with MeOH followed by Et20 (40% yield). 3iPNMR (CD2CI2,25 "C): 6 56.3 (PB,m, int = l), 46.7 (Pc, d, J = 24.0 Hz, int = 2), 43.3 (PA, d, int = 2). IH NMR in hydride region (CDICI,, -70 "C): 6 -3.5 (HB,br m, int = l), -4.2 (HA, br d of m, JHA-pA = 67.2 Hz, int = 2). Equivalent conductance (CH3CN): 84.6 cm2 mhos mol-'. FABMS (m-nitrobenzyl alcohol matrix): m / z 1809 ((Au2Ru(H),(PPh3),)+ = (M)'), 1545 ((M - 2H - PPh3)+). Anal. Calcd for AU2RuP6C&78F,: C, 55.31; H, 4.02; P, 9.51. Found: C, 55.85; H, 4.29; P, 8.76. [AuRu(H),(CO)(PPh,),]PF, (3) was prepared by reaction of a CH2C12suspension of Ru(H),(CO)(PPh,), (5 mL, 530 mg, 0.577 mmol) with a CH2C12solution of AuPPh3N03 (7 mL, 316 mg, 0.607 mmol) at -30 "C. The solution was warmed to 0 "C and then stirred for 1 h, during which time the ruthenium complex dissolved and a very pale yellow solution resulted. Concentration of the solution and precipitation with Et,O resulted in an off-white product. The solid was collected and redissolved in a minimal amount of cold CH2CI2,and the mixture was filtered into a MeOH solution that contained 710 mg of NH4PF6. The solution was cooled to -70 "C, at which time a white precipitate formed. The product was collected, washed with cold MeOH, toluene, and Et,O, and then redissolved in cold CH2CI,. Filtration of this solution through diatomaceous earth resulted in a clear pale yellow solution. Upon cooling of this solution to -30 "C and addition of Et20,a white solid precipitated in 79% yield. Recrystallization from a CH2C12/hexanesolvent mixture at ambient temperature produced clear white crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction. 31PNMR (acetone-d6, 25 "C): 6 41.8 (PA,d, J = 20.1 Hz, int = l), 41.0 (Pc, q, J = 20.4 Hz, int = l), 37.2 (PB,d, J = 20.8 Hz, int = 2). IH NMR in hydride region (acetone-& 25 "C): 6 -2.7 (HA, d of quint, JHA-pA = 70.9 Hz, int = l), -5.4 (HB, m, int = 1). IR (Nujol): v ( C 0 ) 1954 cm-'. Equivalent conductance (CH3CN): 84.3 cm2 mhos mol-'. FABMS (m-nitrobenzyl alcohol matrix): m / z 1377 ((AuRu(H),(CO)(PPh,),)' = (M)+), 1113 ((M - 2H - PPh3)+). Anal. Calcd for C, 57.59; H, 4.13; P, 10.17. Found: C, 56.90; H, 4.38; P, 9.47. [AuOs(H),(CO)(PPh,),]PF, (4) was prepared by reaction of a CH2Cl2suspension of Os(H),(CO)(PPh,), (5 mL, 490 mg, 0.487 mmol) with a CH,CI, solution of AuPPh3N03(5 mL, 256 mg, 0.492 mmol) at ambient temperature. A clear solution resulted that gradually turned pale yellow after stirring for 1 h. Concentration of this solution and precipitation with Et,O resulted in a white product. The solid was collected, redissolved in a minimum amount of CH,CI,, and the mixture was filtered into a MeOH solution that contained 600 rng of NH,PF,. A grayish white precipitate formed, which was collected, washed with MeOH followed by Et20, and then redissolved in CH,CI,. Filtration of this solution through diatomaceous earth resulted in a clear pale yellow solution that precipitated a white solid in 60% yield upon the addition of Et2O. "P NMR (acetone-d6, 25 "C): 6 46.4 (PA, d, JpA-pc = 23.5 Hz, = 23.5 Hz, = 14.9 Hz, int = l), int = l), 10.2 (Pc, d of t, JpA-pc -0.7 (PB, d, JpgPc = 14.9 Hz, int = 2). 'H NMR in hydride region (acetone-d,, 25 "C): 6 -3.4 (HA, d of quint, = 59.8 Hz, JH*-P, = 7.3 Hz, JHA-pc = 13.8 Hz, J H A - ~ B= 3 Hz, int = l), -6.2 (HB, m, JHrpA = 28.2 Hz, JHB-pB = 17.5 Hz, JH pc = 34.0 Hz, JH*-H~ = 3 Hz, int = I ) . IR (Nujol): v ( C 0 ) 1946 cm-? Equivalent conductance: 87.8 cm2 mhos mol-I). FABMS (m-nitrobenzyl alcohol matrix): m / z 1467 ((AuOs(H),(CO)(PPh,)~)' = (M)'), 1203 ((M - 2H - PPh3)+). Anal. Calcd for AuOsP,C,,H,,F,O: C, 54.42; H, 3.88; P, 9.61. Found: C, 54.40; H, 4.01; P, 9.92.
Au-Os and Au-Ru Hydrido Complexes Table I. Crvstalloaraphic Data for 1 and 3
Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 27, No. 19, 1988 3303 Table 11. Positional Parameters and Their Estimated Standard
Deviations for Core Atoms in
[Au~OS(H)~(PP~~)~]PF~.~CH~CI~~E~~O (1.3CH2CI2.2Et20)' Crystal Parameters and Measurement of Intensity Data space group P2dn Pi T , OC -1 I6 22 cell params 15.404 (3) 13.64 (2) a, A 19.461 (8) 40.89 (2) b, A 13.868 (7) 17.53 (1) c, A 98.86 (4) 90 a,deg 105.68 (3) 102.54 (9) P, deg 87.73 (2) 90 7,deg 3955 (5) 9550 (20) v,A' 2 4 Z 1.42 1.702 calcd density, g cm-) 22.4 47.2 abs coeff, cm-' 1.00, 0.86, 0.94 1.00, 0.82, 0.93 max, min, av trans factors formula fw Mo Ka (A = 0.71069 A) radiation graphite monochromatized
atom Aul Au2 Os PI P2 P3 P4 P5
X
-0.14439 (3) -0.22884 (3) -0.11303 (3) -0.1854 (2) -0.3311 (2) 0.0093 (2) -0.2513 (2) 0.0002 (2)
Y 0.18374 (1) 0.10870 (1) 0.16248 (1) 0.19742 (8) 0.06476 (7) 0.12885 (7) 0.19726 (7) 0.18506 (7)
z
0.22376 (3) 0.05201 (3) 0.08465 (3) 0.3373 (2) 0.0392 (2) 0.1633 (2) 0.0339 (2) 0.0124 (2)
B, A2 1.426 (8) 1.464 (8) 1.039 (8) 1.37 (6) 1.60 (6) 1.34 (6) 1.20 (5) 1.20 (5)
'Counterion, solvent molecule, and phenyl group positional parameters are provided in the supplementary material. Anisotropically refined atoms are given in the form of the isotropic equivalent thermal parameter defined as (4/3)[a2P(l,l) + b2@(2,2)+ c2P(3,3) + ab(cos y)P(1,2) + ac(cos P)P(1,3) + bc(cos a)P(2,3)1.
crystal was found to slowly lose solvent. The crystal classes and space groups were unambiguously determined by the Enraf-Nonius CAD4SDP-PLUS peak search, centering, and indexing programs,51from the systematic absences observed during data collection, and by successful solution and refinement of the structures (vide infra). The intensities of three standard reflections were measured every 1.5 h of X-ray exposure time during data collection, and no decay was observed for 1. The decay Refinement by Full-Matrix Least Squares for 3 was linear with a total decrease of 7% and was corrected for with R O 0.051 0.05 1 the SDP program DECAY using maximum and minimum correction facRW' 0.069 0.063 tors of 1.04 and l.00.51 The data were corrected for Lorentz, polarization, and background effects. Empirical absorption corrections were 'The function minimized was Cw(lF,,l - IFc1)2,where w = I/[.applied for both compounds by use of $-scan data and the program E A C . ~ ' (Fo)l2,The unweighted and weighted residuals are defined as R = Solution and Refmement of the Structures. The structures were solved 13(11Fol- I~cll)/CIFol and R, = [(.Ew(lFol - I ~ c I ) z ) / ( ~ w l ~ 0 1 2 ) 1 1 ~ 2 by . conventional heavy-atom techniques. The metal atoms were located The error in an observation of unit weight (GOF) is [x:w(lF0l by Patterson syntheses. Full-matrix least-squares refinement and difIFc1)2/(N0 - NV)]i/2, where N O and NV are the number of observaference Fourier calculations were used to locate all remaining non-hytions and variables, respectively. drogen atoms. The atomic scattering factors were taken from the usual tabulation,52and the effects of anomalous dispersion were included in F, [AuOS(H)~(C~)~(PP~,)~]PF~ (5) was prepared by the reaction of by using Cromer and Ibers' values of Af' and Corrections for O S ( H ) ~ ( C O ) ~ ( P P(313 ~ , ) ~mg, 0.41 mmol) with AuPPh3N03(233 mg, extinction were applied. Most non-hydrogen atoms in both 1 and 3 were 0.45 mmol) in 5 mL of CH2Ci2. The resulting grayish brown solution refined with anisotropic thermal parameters; however, for compound 1 was stirred for 1 h. Concentration of the solution and precipitation with the phenyl ring carbon atoms, C5B and C2J, and one of the diethyl ether E t 2 0 resulted in a dark gray product. The solid was collected and molecules were refined isotropically because the temperature factors for redissolved in a minimum amount of CH2CI2,and the mixture was filthese atoms were not well-behaved during refinement. This was also true tered into a MeOH solution containing 260 mg of NH4PF6. A light gray for the chlorine atoms in the solvate molecules of 3. The carbon atoms precipitate formed, which was collected, washed with MeOH followed in the solvate molecules of 3 were not located in the difference Fourier by Et20, and then redissolved in CH2C12. Filtration of this solution maps. This disordered behavior of solvate molecules in large cluster through diatomaceous earth resulted in a clear pale yellow solution that compounds is quite common and generally has little effect on the strucprecipitated a white solid in 53% yield upon the addition of Et20. 'IP ture of the cluster. The positions of the hydrogen atoms in the PPh, NMR (acetone-d6, 25 "C): 6 46.4 (PA,s, int = l), 1.3 (PB,s, int = 2). ligands were calculated for 3 and included in the structure factor cal'H NMR in hydride region (acetone-d6, 25 "C): 6 -3.6 (d oft, = culations but were not refined. Only one metal hydride showed up in the 45.8 Hz, JH-h = 12.2 Hz, int = 2). IR (Nujol): v(C0) 2033, 1982 cm-I. final difference Fourier map of 3 and was successfully included in the Equivalent conductance: 81.2 cm2 mhos mol-I). FABMS (m-nitrobenzyl refinement. In 1 the final difference Fourier map showed reasonable = (M)') overalcohol matrix): m / z 1233 ((AuOS(H)~(CO)~(PP~,),)+ positions for the metal hydrides; however, they did not refine in a conlapped with peak at m / z 1231 due to loss of two H atoms. Anal. Calcd vincing manner so were not included in the final stages of refinement. for A u O S P ~ C ~ ~ C, H 48.85; ~ ~ FH, ~ 3.44; ~ ~ :P,8.99. Found: C, 49.05; Difference Fourier maps based on low-angle data were calculated for 1, H, 3.74; P, 9.25. but this did not enhance the heights of the peaks seen in the difference [AURU(H)~(CO)~(PP~,),]PF~ ( 6 ) was prepared by reaction of a maps that were suspected to be due to the hydride ligands. The largest CH2CI2suspension of R u ( H ) ~ ( C O ) ~ ( P P(7 ~ ,mL, ) ~ 246 mg, 0.360 mmol) peak in the final difference Fourier map of 1 was ca. 2.8 e A" and was with a CH2CI2solution of AuPPhpN03(5 mL, 192 mg, 0.368 mmol) at located near the disordered ether. The largest peak in 3 was ca. 1.08 e 0 OC. The solution was stirred for 1.5 h at 0 OC, resulting in a golden A-3 and was located near one of the dichloromethane solvate molecules. yellow solution. Concentration of the solution and precipitation with The final positional and thermal parameters of the refined atoms within E t 2 0 resulted in an off-white product. The solid was collected, washed the coordination cores are given in Tables I1 and 111. ORTEP drawings with EtOH, and redissolved in a minimum amount of CH2C12,and the of the cations including the labeling schemes and selected distances and mixture was filtered into a MeOH solution that contained 137 mg of angles are shown in Figures 1 and 4. Complete listings of thermal NH4PF6. A white precipitate formed, which was collected, washed with parameters, positional parameters, calculated positions for the hydrogen MeOH followed by Et20, and dried in vacuo (33% yield). NMR atoms, distances, angles, least-squares planes, and structure factor am(CD2C12,25 "C): 6 42.1 (PA,s, int = I ) , 37.3 (PB,s, int = 2). IH NMR plitudes are included as supplementary material.54 in hydride region (CD2CI2,25 "C): 6 -3.3 (d oft, J H - P=~ 50.9 Hz, JH-pB = 14.7 Hz, int = 2). IR (Nujol): v(C0) 2059, 2006 cm-l. Equivalent conductance (CH3CN): 82.2 cm2mhos mol-I. FABMS (m-nitrobenzyl (51) All calculationswere carried out on PDP SA and 11/34 computers with alcohol matrix): m / z 1143 ((AuRu(H)~(CO),(PP~,),)+ = (M)'), 1113 use of the Enraf-Nonius CADCSDP programs. This crystallographic ((M - 2H - c o ) + ) . Anal. Calcd for AURUPqC56H&F6: c , 52.22; computing package is described by: Frenz, B. A. in Computing in Crystallography;Schenk, H., Olthoff-Hazekamp, R., van Koningsveld, H, 3.68. Found: C, 51.36; H, 3.76. H., Bassi, G. C., Eds.; Delft University Press: Delft, Holland, 1978; pp X-ray Structure Determinations. Collection and Reduction of X-ray 64-71. CAD 4 User's Manual; Enraf-Nonius: Delft, Holland, 1978. Data. A summary of crystal data is presented in Table I. A rectangular (52) Cromer, D. T.; Waber, J. T. In International Tables f o r X-Ray Cryscrystal of [Au~~s(H)'(PP~~)~]PF,.~CH~CI~.~E~~O ( 1.3CH2Cl2-2Et20) tallography; Kynoch: Birmingham, England, 1974; Vol. IV, Table was coated with a viscous high-molecular-weight hydrocarbon and se2.2.4. cured on a glass fiber by cooling to -1 16 OC. A rectangular crystal of (53) Cromer, D. T. In International Tables for X-Ray Cryst.allography; (AURU(H)~(CO)(PP~~!~]PF~.~CH,CI~ (3-2CH2Cl2)was sealed inside a Kynoch: Birmingham, England, 1974; Vol. IV, Table 2.3.1. capillary tube filled with dichloromethane/hexane solution, since the (54) See paragraph at end of paper regarding supplementary material.
3304 Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 27, No. 19, 1988
Alexander e t al.
Table 111. Positional Parameters and Their Estimated Standard Deviations for Core Atoms in [AUR~(H)~(CO)(PP~,)~]PF~.~CH~CI~
(3*2CH,CI,)" atom AU
RU P1 P2 P3 P4 H C 0
X
Y
Z
-0.30167 (2) -0.22809 (4) -0.3304 (2) -0.3140 ( I ) -0.1381 ( I ) -0.2787 (2) -0.320 (3) -0.1261 ( 5 ) -0.0596 (4)
-0.20657 (2) -0.13899 (3) -0.2844 (1) -0.0443 ( I ) -0.0774 (1) -0.2378 (1) -0.145 (3) -0.1413 (4) -0.1456 (3)
0.00534 (2) 0.20115 (4) -0.1401 ( 2 ) 0.2702 ( I ) 0.1296 ( I ) 0.2579 (2) 0.090 (4) 0.3095 (6) 0.3728 (5)
B, A2 3.770 (6) 2.70 ( I ) 3.81 ( 5 ) 2.99 (4) 2.91 (4) 3.44 (4) 1 (I)* 3.6 (2) 5.5 ( 2 )
Counterion, solvent molecule, and phenyl group positional parameters are provided in the supplementary material. The asterisk indicates that the atom was refined isotropically. Anisotropically refined atoms are given in the form of the isotropic equivalent thermal parameter defined as (4/3)[u2p(1,1) + b2@(2,2)+ c2p(3,3) + ab(cos y)p(1,2) + ac(cos p)0(1,3) + bc(cos a)P(2,3)].
P5 5c 50 "0 30 23 10 0 Figure 2. 31PNMR spectra of [Au20s(H),(PPh3),]PF6(1) in the solid state at 25 OC and in solution at -70 'C. The bottom trace is the 31P{1H) NMR spectrum recorded with CH2CI2as solvent (internal standard trimethyl phosphate, 6 = 0), while the upper trace is the CP MAS
NMR spectrum.
Figure 1. ORTEP drawing of the coordination core of the cation of 1 with selected bond distance (A). Ellipsoids are drawn with 50% probability boundaries. Phenyl rings have been omitted for clarity. Selected angles (deg) are as follows: Os-Aul-P1, 173.46 (6); Os-Au2-P2, 172.81 (6); Aul-Os-AuZ, 104.66 (1); AuI-OS-P~;83.75 ( 5 ) ; Aul-Os-P4, 82.96 (5); AuI-OS-PS, 126.91 (5); A~2-0~-P3,87.48(5); Au2-0s-P4, 91.60 (5); Au2-0s-P5, 128.33 ( 5 ) ; P3-0s-P4, 165.99 (8); P3-0s-P5, 94.49 (7); P4-Os-P5, 97.02 (7). Average esd's for Au-Os, Au-P, and Os-P distances are 0.001, 0.002, and 0.002 A, respectively.
Results and Discussion
[AU~OS(H)~(PP~,)~]PF~ (1). The addition of 2 equiv of A u P P h 3 N 0 3 to O S ( H ) ~ ( P P in ~ ~a )CH2C12 ~ solution produced this cationic gold-osmium compound as the nitrate salt. This product was then metathesized with N H 4 P F 6 to give 1 in good yield. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of this compound was carried out in order to determine the nature of the goldosmium interactions and the overall structure of the complex. These questions could not be answered from the solution N M R and IR data alone (vide infra). The structure of the coordination core of the cation of 1 with selected distances and angles is shown in Figure 1. The structure consists of two Au(PPh3) units bonded to an O S ( P P ~ unit ~)~ forming a somewhat distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry. There is an approximately planar P S O S ( A U P )arrangement ~ and a nearly linear P3-Os-P4 (165.99 (8)O) grouping perpendicular to this plane. The Au-PPh3 vectors are approximately trans to the osmium atom (Os-Aul-P1 = 173.46 (6)O, Os-Au2-P2 = 172.81 (6)"), which is a general trend seen in complexes of this t ~ p e . ~ , ~The - " Au-Os distances are slightly different (2.696 ( l ) , 2.709 (1) 8,) and are within the range of values observed in osmium-gold clusters containing primarily carbonyl ligands [for example, average 2.657 ( I ) 8, in O ~ ( C O ) , , ( A U P P ~and ~ ) ~2.771 ~~ ( 1 ) 8, in O S ~ C ( C O ) , ~ ( ~ ~ - A U The P P ~average ~ ) ~ ~Au-P ~ ] . and (55) Johnson, B. F. G.; Lewis, J.; Raithby, P. R.; Sanders, A. J.rganomet. Chem. 1984, 260, C29. (56) Johnson, B. F. G.; Lewis, J.; Nicholls, J. N.; Nelson, W. J. H.; Puga, J.; Vargas, M . D. J . Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1983, 2447.
Os-P distances (2.254 (2) and 2.374 (2) A, respectively) are within the ranges of values observed in other heterometallic clusters1~2*5-'0 An and osmium-phosphine complexes (range 2.29-2.46 8,).s7-59 unusual aspect of the molecular structure of 1, when compared to that of the transition-metal-gold complexes containing primarily phosphine ligands,' is that there is no Au-Au bond (4.28 A). The lack of a Au-Au bond is also seen in large osmium carbonyl clusters containing several gold atoms, such as OS~(CO),~(~LAuPPh,), (4.534 (1) This cluster complex contains gold atoms that bridge Os-Os bonds. In clusters such as this, however, each gold atom is bonded to well-separated sites on the osmium framework rather than both gold atoms bonded to just one osmium site as in complex 1. The absence of a Au-Au bond may be due to the presence of a hydride ligand bridging one of the Au-Os bonds and positioned between the two gold atoms in the AuzOs plane. The remaining two hydrides are believed to bridge each of the Au-Os bonds approximately in the A u 2 0 s plane and on the outside edges of the AuzOs triangle. This arrangement is shown below and in Figures 2 and 3. It appears that the stability of 1 is enhanced by maximization of gold-hydride interactions rather than by formation of a Au-Au bond. In an attempt to locate the hydride positions in the X-ray structure determination, a final difference Fourier map was calculated that gave reasonable positions for the three hydride ligands as described above. When lower values of (sin B ) / X were used in the calculation of the difference Fourier map,61there was no significant improvement in the height of these peaks over those due to noise and attempts a t least-squares refinement were unsuccessful. Although these positions could not be reliably assigned to the hydride ligands, the general positions did seem reasonable when compared to the spectroscopic results. The "P N M R solution spectrum of 1 (-70 O C , CD2CI2)is in agreement with its solid-state structure. A trace of the spectrum (57) Bohle, D. S.; Jones, T. C.; Richard, C. E. F.; Roper, W. R. Orgunomefallics 1986 5, 1612. (58) Bruno, J. W.; Huffman, J. C.; Caulton, K. G. J . Am. Chem. SOC. 1984, 106, 1663. (59) Frost, P.W.; Howard, J. A. K.; Spencer, J. L. J . Chem. SOC.,Chem. Commun. 1984, 1362. (60) Johnson, B. F. G . ;Lewis, J.; Nelson, W. J. H.; Raithby, P. R.; Vargas, M. D. J . Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1983, 608. (61) La Place. S. J . ; Ibers, J. A . Acta Crystallogr. 1965, 18, 511.
Au-Os and Au-Ru Hydrido Complexes is shown in Figure 2 along with that of the CP M A S 31Pspectrum of the solid compound. The solution spectrum consists of three singlet resonances (6 48.6, 21.8, and 5.7) with an intensity ratio of 2:1:2. These resonances are due to the gold phosphines (PA) and the osmium phosphines (PB and Pc), respectively. This peak assignment was verified by the synthesis of compound 1 with PMe2Ph in place of PPh3 on the gold atom.62 In this case the only resonance to shift significantly was PA, from 6 48.6 to 6 21.4 in [ A U ~ O ~ ( H ) ~ ( P P ~ ~ ) ~ ( P MTherefore, ~ ~ P ~ ) ~the] P peaks F ~ .a t 6 21.8 and 5.7 are due to the osmium phosphines PB and Pc, respectively, which shifted only slightly to 6 23.0 and 4.5 in the PMe2Ph analogue. The solution spectrum of 1 taken a t -70 OC is identical with that taken at room temperature, with only slight chemical shift differences. N M R experiments a t temperatures below -70 OC were unsuccessful due to solubility problems; however, the solid-state N M R spectrum provided further insight into the molecular structure. The C P MAS 31Pspectrum recorded at 25 OC displays two single broad Au(PPh3) resonances. This is consistent with HB being locked into one of the two bridging positions, giving two nonequivalent gold phosphines (vide infra). Although solid-state effects may also lead to different resonances for "equivalent" phosphines, the fact that only one of the C P MAS 3 1 PN M R signals was split (see Figure 2) lends support to this conclusion. Also, the nonequivalence of the Au(PPh3) groups has been directly observed in solution for the ruthenium analogue of this compound by 31PN M R a t ca. -130 O C (vide infra). Infrared analysis of this complex in the solid state (Nujol) showed no absorptions that could be attributed to terminal hydride ligands. Calculation of the optimum hydride positions in 1 with use of Orpen's potential energy minimization computer program63 predicted bridging hydride positions on the outer edges of the Au-Os bonds.' There were three possible positions predicted for the third hydride located between the two gold atoms; however, the lowest potential energy occurred for a A u 2 0 s triangular face bridging hydride. This result is questionable in light of the solid-state 31PN M R data and the fact that this would result in very long Au-H bonds (ca. 2.2 A).I The IH N M R spectrum of 1 (-70 OC, CD2C12)was recorded in the hydride region and is shown in Figure 3. The spectrum consists of two multiplet resonances (6 -4.1 and -5.5) with an intensity ratio of 1:2. The selective phosphorus decoupling results support the above assignment of PA, PB, and Pc and yielded all of the P-H coupling constants (see Experimental Section and Figure 3). The two multiplets were successfully simulated and are also shown in Figure 3. An important result of this N M R analysis was the determination of the J(h-H-PA) coupling constant for the three bridging hydrides in the p-HAuPPh, unit. The two equivalent hydrides, HA,. gave a J(p-H-PA) coupling constant of 57.6 H Z . ' , ~ This , ~ value is larger than expected for the structure observed in the solid state, which has a cisoid p-H-Au-P arrangement. It is smaller, however, than the values of 105 H z in [AuC~(~-H)(CO),(PP~~)],~~ 79.8 H z in [(H)2(PPh3)31r(p-H)A u P P ~ ~ ] B Fand ~ , ~82~ H z in [AuPt(p-H)(C,F,)(PEt,),(PPh3)](CF3S03),ls all of which resulted from a transoid HAu-PPh3 arrangement. The magnitude of the p-HAuPPh3 coupling constant suggests that in solution PAis not simply trans to the Au-Os bond but is in rapid equilibrium between trans and cis p-H-Au-P stereochemistries, giving an average and thus larger coupling constant than would be expected due to the stereochemistry seen in the solid-state structure of 1. The J(p-H-PA) coupling constant for HB has a value of 27.3 Hz, approximately half that of HA. This could be due to an equilibrium process that causes HB to bridge one of the Au-Os bonds and then the other, (62) This compound was synthesized in a manner analogous to that for 1 except with the use of Au(PMe2Ph)NOp in place of AuPPh3N0,. PMelPh was synthesized according to: Frajerman, C.; Meunier, B. Inorg. Synth. 1983, 22, 133. (63) Orpen, A. G . J . Chem. SOC.,Dalton Trans. 1980, 2509. (64) Green, M.; Orpen, A. G.; Salter, I. D.; Stone, F. G. A. J . Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1984. 2497. (65) Lehner, H.; Matt, D.iPregosin, P. S.; Venanzi, L. M. J . Am. Chem. SOC.1982, 104, 6825.
Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 27, No. 19, 1988 3305
Figure 3. 'H N M R spectra of [ A U ~ O S ( H ) , ( P P ~ ~ ) ~(1) ] P in F ~the hydride region recorded with CD2CI2 as solvent at -70 O C . The upper traces are the simulations based on the following coupling constants (Hz): PA-HA, 57.6; PB-HA, 15.9; Pc-HA, 7.8; PA-HB, 27.3; PB-HE, 23.4; Pc-HB, 15.4. Lower traces: 'H N M R with selective ,'P decoupling. The starred phosphorus atoms were decoupled as shown. See text for further details.
indicated as follows, thus giving an average and smaller coupling constant for J(p-HB-PA).
+
The positive ion FABMS analysis of 1 gives direct evidence for the presence of three hydride ligands. The major highest mass peak a t m / z 1899 has an isotopic ion distribution pattern that exactly matches that calculated for the parent cluster ion [A u 2 0 s(H) 3( PPh3),] +.3 Equivalent conductance and elemental analysis data provide further support for the formulation of 1 as the 1: 1 electrolyte [ A u ~ O S ( H ) ~ ( P P ~ ~ ) ~ ] P F ~ . [AU~RU(H)~(PP~~)~]PP~ (2), the ruthenium analogue of 1 was synthesized in an analogous manner to that for 1 using Ru(H)4(PPh3)3and ca. 2 equiv of AuPPh3N03. The characterization data are all consistent with a structure similar to that of 1. The 31PN M R solution spectrum (25 "C, CDZC12)consists of three resonances (6 56.3,46.7, and 43.3) with relative intensities of 1:2:2, assigned to the ruthenium phosphines (PB and Pc) and the gold phosphines (PA), respectively. These resonances show more fine structure than is seen in the 31PN M R spectrum of 1; Le., the peak assigned to the equatorial ruthenium phosphine, Pg, a t 6 56.3 appears as a multiplet, and both the axial ruthenium phosphines, Pc, and the gold phosphines, PA, appear as doublets. These assignments are based on relative integration values and decoupling experiments. Upon decoupling of the resonances a t 6 56.3 (P,) and 46.7 (Pc), the IH resonance assigned to HA collapsed to a broad doublet and that assigned to HB collapsed slightly but still remained a multiplet in each case. When the 31Presonance at 6 43.3 (HA) was decoupled, however, the HA resonance collapsed to a broad singlet and the HB resonance to a broad doublet. Further verification of the above assignments comes from lowtemperature 31PN M R experiments. When the temperature of
3306 Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 27, No. 19, 1988 P4
Alexander et al. bridging hydride, H , as compared to an average of 151.0 (2)' in (Au2Ru(H)2(dppm)z(PPh3)2)(N03)25 and 141 (2)' in (AuRu(H)2(dppm)2(PPh3))PF6.2This hydride bridges somewhat asymmetrically, being closer to the gold atom than to the ruthenium atom (1.61 (4) and 1.78 (4) A, respectively), but this difference is barely significant considering the large esd's. The Ru-H distance is slightly longer than values previously observed for hydrides bridging Au-Ru bonds (1.61 (4) A in the Au2Ru(dppm)2 complex: 1.71 (6) in the AuRu(dppm)* complex,2typical range The Au-H distance is slightly shorter than 1.6-1.9 previously determined values [ 1.77 (4) A in the Au2Ru(dppm)2 ~ o m p l e x ,1.98 ~ (6) A in the AuRu(dppm)2 complex,2 1.7 (1) A in A U C ~ ( ~ - H ) ( C O ) ~ ( P Pand ~ , ) ,1.72 ~ ~ (9) A in [AuPt(pH)(C6F5)(PEt3),(PPh,)](CF3SO3)I8],but these differences are barely significant. The Au-Ru distance (2.786 (1) A) is similar to that found in the A ~ ~ R u ( d p p m complex )~ (average 2.781 (0) A)s but longer than that in the AuRu(dppm)2 complex (2.694 (1) A).Z This result is surprising, since 3 and the AuRu(dppm)2 complex have the same sort of Au-Ru bond bridged by two hydride ligands; however, the shorter Au-Ru bond in the A ~ R u ( d p p m complex )~ may be. due to the less steric dppm ligands. The Au-P1 distance (2.279 (2) A) and average Ru-P distances (2.41 1 (2) A) compare well to those in the A ~ ~ R u ( d p p m complex )~ (2.283 (1) 8, and 2.361 (1) A, r e ~ p e c t i v e l y )and ~ are similar to values observed in other heterometallic clusters.1~2~6-10 The 31PN M R solution spectrum (25 OC, acetone-d6) of 3 is consistent with its solid-state structure and consists of three peaks (6 41.8, 41.0, and 37.2) with a relative intensity ratio of 1:1:2. The resonance a t 6 41.8 is a doublet and is assigned to the gold phosphine phosphorus (PA) that is coupled to Pc ( J = 20.1 Hz). This peak assignment was verified by synthesis of compound 3 with PMe,Ph in place of PPh, on the gold atom.68 In this case the only resonance to shift significantly was PA, 6 13.0 in [AuRu(H)~(CO)(PP~,),(PM~~P~)]PF,. Therefore, the peaks at 6 41.0 and 37.2 are due to the ruthenium phosphines. The Pc atom (6 41.0) couples to both PA and the two equivalent PB atoms, resulting in a pseudoquartet ( J = 20.4 Hz), and the PB atoms (6 37.2) couple to Pc, resulting in a doublet ( J = 20.8 Hz). These peak and coupling constant assignments are further supported by analogy to the assignments made for the osmium analogue 4 (vide infra). A66967).
Figure 4. ORTEP drawing of the coordination core of the cation of 3 with selected bond distances (A). Ellipsoids are drawn with 50% probability boundaries. Phenyl rings have been omitted for clarity. Selected angles (deg) are as follows: Ru-Au-P1, 163.50 (5); Ru-Au-H, 37 (2); P1Au-H, 159 (2); Au-Ru-H, 33 (1); Au-Ru-P~, 118.39 (4); Au-Ru-P~, 86.25 (4); Au-Ru-P~, 86.36 (4); Au-Ru-C, 140.3 (2); P2-Ru-P3, 101.40 (6); P2-Ru-P4, 101.40 (6); P2-Ru-H, 86 (1); P2-Ru-C, 101.3 (2); P3-Ru-P4, 156.87 (6); P3-Ru-H, 93 (1); P3-Ru-C, 86.3 (2); P4Ru-H, 93 (1); P4-Ru-C, 85.4 (2); H-Ru-C, 173 (1); Au-H-Ru, 110 (2); Ru-C-0, 175.4 (6). Average esd's for Au-Ru, M-P, Ru-C, C-0, and M-H are 0.001, 0.002, 0.007, 0.008, and 0.04 A, respectively.
a CH2C12solution of 2 was lowered, the doublet at 6 43.3 assigned to PA broadened and was reduced to a broad singlet. Upon cooling of the sample further to -130 OC (CHzCl2/Freon-12), this resonance shifted slightly and split into two peaks at 6 42.2 and 41.5, providing further support for the nonequivalence of the Au(PPh3) groups in 2, as well as its osmium analogue 1. At this temperature the peaks due to PB and Pc appeared as broad singlets a t 6 55.4 and 47.0, respectively. The low-temperature ' H N M R (-70 'C, CD2Clz) spectrum of 2 displays two resonances in the hydride region with an intensity ratio of 1:2. On the basis of analogy to compound 1, the broad and the multiplet a t 6 -3.5 is assigned to the unique hydride HE, broad doublet of multiplets a t 6 -4.2 is assigned to the two equivalent hydrides HA, with a J(p-H-PA) coupling constant of 67.2 Hz. Further support for the formulation of 2 as the 1:l electrolyte [ A U ~ R U ( H ) , ( P P ~ , ) ~is] Pprovided F~ by the equivalent conductance, IR (which showed no evidence for terminal hydrides), FABMS, and elemental analysis data. [AURU(H),(CO)(PP~,)~]PF~ (3). The addition of a slight molar excess of A u P P h 3 N 0 3 to R U ( H ) ~ ( C O ) ( P P in ~ ~a )CHzC12 ~ solution a t low temperature gave this cationic gold-ruthenium compound as the nitrate salt. This product was then metathesized with N H 4 P F 6 to give 3 in good yield. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of this compound was carried out in order to determine the structure of the complex, since this could not be completely answered from the solution N M R and IR data alone (vide infra). The structure of the coordination core of the cation of 3 with 3 (M = Ru) o r 4 (M=Os) selected distances and angles is shown in Figure 4. The structure consists of a Au(PPh3) moiety bonded to a Ru(CO)(PPh3)3 unit The ' H N M R spectrum of 3 (25 O C , acetone-d6) was recorded that has a highly distorted trigonal-bipyramidal (TBP) geometry in the hydride region and consists of two multiplet resonances at (ignoring the hydride ligands) with Au(PPh3), P2, and the C O 6 -2.7 and -5.4 (HA and HB, respectively). The selective phosligands in equatorial positions. The distortion from ideal TBP phorus decoupling was not done; however, the p-HAuPPh, cougeometry is manifested by the Au-Ru-CO, Au-Ru-P2, and could be tentatively determined from the pling constant JHA-pA P2-Ru-CO bond angles of 140.3 (2), 118.39 (4), and 101.3 (2)O, spectrum since the peak assigned to H A a t 6 -2.7 is a doublet of respectively, within the equatorial plane. One of the hydride quintets with a value of 70.9 H z for the major splitting. Further ligands was located and refined in the crystal structure analysis verification and discussion of this come from a selectively phosand is bridging the Au-Ru bond and is trans to the C O ligand phorus-decoupled 'H N M R experiment and a successful 31PN M R (H-Ru-CO = 173 (1)'). There is an approximately planar simulation of the osmium analogue 4 (vide infra). P2(C)(H)RuAu arrangement with a somewhat linear P3-Ru-P4 The positive ion FABMS analysis of 3 displays the major (1 56.87 (6)') grouping that is perpendicular to this plane and bent highest mass peak at m / z 1377 with an isotopic ion distribution slightly toward the open space. Potential energy calculations pattern which exactly matches that calculated for the parent indicate that the other hydride ligand is occupying this space, cluster ion [AURU(H),(CO)(PP~,)~]+.~ IR analysis (Nujol) bridging the Au-Ru bond and approximately trans to the equatorial Ru-P2 vector.' The Au-P1 vector is roughly trans to the ruthenium atom (Ru-Au-P1 = 163.50 (5)O); however, this is not (66) Teller, R. G.; Bau, R. Struct. Bonding (Berlin) 1981, 44, 1. ( 6 7 ) Bau, R.; Teller, R. G.; Kirtley, S . W.; Kottzle, T. F. Acc. Chem. Res. nearly as trans as the Ru-Au-P vectors seen in other complexes 1979, 12, 176. (average 172.45 (3) 8, in {A~~Ru(H)~(dppm)~(PPh~)~)(N0~)~~ (68) This compound was synthesized in a manner analogous to that for 3 and 170.95 (5) in { A U R U ( H ) ~ ( ~ ~ ~ ~ ) ~ ( P PFurther~ ~ ) ) P F ~ ~ ) .except with the use of Au(PMe2Ph)N03in place of AuPPh3NOS. PMe2Ph was synthesized according to ref 62. more, the Au-PI vector makes an angle of 159 (2)' with the
l+
Au-Os a n d Au-Ru Hydrido Complexes
Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 27, No. 19, 1988 3301 in a CH2Clz solution followed by metathesis with NH4PF6.
[AUOS(H)~(C~)~(PP~~)~]PF~ (5) was produced a t room temperature in good yield, and [AURII(H),(CO)~(PP~~)~]PF~ ( 6 )at PB I
l+
HA
5 (M = Os)or6 (M = Ru)
Figure 5. 'H N M R spectra of [AuOs(H),(CO)(PPh3),]PF6(4) in the hydride region recorded with use of acetone-d6 as solvent at 25 O C . The upper traces are the simulations based on the following coupling constants (Hz): PA-HA, 59.8; PB-HA, 7.3; Pc-HA, 13.8; PA-HB, 28.23; PB-HB, 17.5; Pc-HB, 34.0; HA-HB, 3. Lower traces: 'H N M R with selective 3'P decoupling. The starred phosphorus atoms were decoupled as shown. See text for further details.
displays a CO stretching frequency a t 1954 cm-', a shift of 14 cm-' to higher energy relative to the parent complex, which is consistent with a net positive charge. Equivalent conductance and elemental analysis data provide further evidence for the formulation of 3 as a 1:l electrolyte. T h e reaction of O S ( H ) , ( C O ) ( P P ~ ~ with )~ 1 equiv of A u P P h 3 N 0 3 in a CH2C12solution followed by metathesis with NH4PF6 gave the 1:l adduct [ A u & ( H ) , ( C O ) ( P P ~ ~ ) ~ ] P(4) F ~ in good yield. The proposed stereochemistry of 4 is analogous to that of 3 and has been deduced from 31Pand 'H N M R and I R spectroscopies. The 31PN M R spectrum of 4 (25 OC, acetone-d6) is in agreement with this proposed structure and consists of three resonances (6 46.4, 10.2, and -0.7) with an intensity ratio of 1:1:2. The doublet a t 6 46.4 (PA) is due to the gold phosphine phosphorus that is coupled to Pc ( J = 23.5 Hz) but not to PB, which would give a small and unobservable coupling to The Pc atom (6 10.2) couples to PA and two equivalent PBatoms, resulting in a doublet of triplets ( J = 23.5 Hz, J = 14.9 Hz). The PBatoms (6 -0.7) couple to Pc, resulting in a doublet ( J = 14.9 Hz). A selectively phosphorus-decoupled 'H N M R experiment (vide infra) and a successful 31PN M R simulation confirmed this AB,C assignment. The IH N M R spectrum of 4 (25 "C, acetone-d6) was recorded in the hydride region and is shown in Figure 5 along with its simulated spectrum. The spectrum consists of two multiplet resonances a t 6 -3.4 and -6.2 (HA and FIB,respectively). The selective phosphorus decoupling gives the p-HAuPPh, coupling constant for the two inequivalent hydrides and supports the proposed structure. The stereochemistry proposed should result in a much larger J(p-H-PA) coupling constant for HA (59.8 Hz) than for HB (28.2 Hz), due to the fact that HA is approximately trans to PA while HB is cis. The other coupling constants (see Experimental Section) are also consistent with the proposed structure, as a r e the IR, conductance, FABMS, and elemental analysis data. The last two complexes synthesized in this series of osmiumand ruthenium-gold complexes resulted from the reactions of M(H),(CO),(PPh,), (M = Os, Ru) with 1 equiv of A u P P h 3 N 0 3
0 "C. The formulation of these complexes as 1 :1 adducts is based on equivalent conductance, FABMS, and elemental analysis data (see Experimental Section). The proposed trigonal-bipyramidal structures are similar to those of [A~1r(H),(bpy)(PPh,)~lBF~~ and [AUI~(H),(PP~~)~(N~~)]BF? and are supported by solution N M R and IR analysis. The 31PN M R spectrum of 5 (25 OC, acetone-d6) consists of two singlet resonances (6 46.4 and 1.3) with an intensity ratio of 1:2. These resonances are due to the gold and osmium phosphines (PA and PB), respectively. In the 31PN M R spectrum of 6 (25 "C, CD2C12)the gold phosphine resonance appears a t 6 42.1 and the ruthenium phosphine resonance is at 6 37.3. The PBphosphines are believed to be axial and mutually trans on the basis of the stereochemistry of M(H),(CO),(PPh,), ( M = Os, Ru) and the lack of any observable PA-PB coupling. Coupling between a gold phosphine and an equatorial transition-metal phosphine is generally observable and is 20.1 H z in complex 3. The 'H N M R (25 "C, acetone-d6) spectrum of 5 consists of a doublet of triplets centered a t 6 -3.6 with J = 45.8 and 12.2 H z for the doublet and triplet splittings, respectively. The IH N M R (25 OC, CD2C12)spectrum of 6 consists of a similar pattern centered a t 6 -3.3 with J = 50.9 and 14.7 Hz. The integration of these hydride signals relative to the phenyl hydrogens indicates the presence of two hydrides in each case. Selective phosphorus decoupling of 5 confirmed that the 45.8-Hz coupling (and, by analogy, the 50.9-Hz coupling observed in 6 ) is due to the hydrides coupling to the gold-bound phosphorus atom, PA. The magnitude of these p-HAuPPh, coupling constants is intermediate between those of cisoid and transoid pH-Au-P geometries and therefore favors a dihydride-bridged arrangement in solution for both 5 and 6 with the gold phosphorus atom in rapid equilibrium between trans-M-Au-P and trans- and cis-p-H-Au-P stereochemistries. The positive ion FABMS analyses of 5 and 6 give direct evidence for the presence of two hydride ligands in each complex. The major highest mass peaks at m/z 1233 and 1143, respectively, have an isotopic ion distribution pattern which exactly matches that calculated for the parent cluster ions [AuM(H),(CO),(PPh3)3]+ ( M = Os, R u ) . ~ Equivalent conductance, IR, and elemental analysis data provide further support for the formulation of 5 and 6 as proposed. Catalysis. There have been relatively few investigations on the use of transition-metal-gold complexes as homogeneous catalysts. It has been speculated that the addition of a Au(1) fragment to a transition-metal complex may lead to an increase in both reactivity and ~electivity?~Support for this can be found in a study which demof R U ~ ( H ) ~ ( C and O ) ~AURU~(H),(CO)~,(PP~~),~~ ~ onstrated that the gold adduct is significantly more active and selective than the parent complex for the catalytic isomerization of I-pentene a t 35 OC. Preliminary results indicate that [AuRu(H),(CO) (PPh3)4]PF6 (3) is a catalyst for the isomerization of 1-hexene to cis- and trans-2-hexene in CH2Clz at 25 " C and 1 atm of N2. A comparison of the rate of isomerization for this complex to that of R u ( H ) , ( C O ) ( P P ~ ~shows ) ~ that the gold adduct displays an in(69) Braunstein, P.;RosC, J. In Stereochemistry of Organometallic and Inorganic Compounds;Bernal, I., Ed.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1988; Vol. 3
Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 3308-3314
3308
crease in the rate over that of the parent complex. Along with the increase in rate, a change in selectivity for the isomerization reaction was observed. The gold adduct is more selective for the production of trans-2-hexene while the parent is more selective for cis-2-hexene. It is not known why the gold changes the activity and selectivity, but work is in progress to gain a better understanding of this isomerization reaction. Analysis of the other five complexes discussed in this paper did not show evidence for catalytic activity in the isomerization of 1-hexene under similar conditions over a 24-h period. Acknowledgment. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant CHE-851923) and the donors of the Petroleum Research Fund, administered by the American
Chemical Society. W e gratefully acknowledge the Johnson Matthey Co. for a generous loan of gold and iridium salts. B.D.A. also thanks General Electric Co. and the University of Minnesota Graduate School for fellowships. Supplementary Material Available: Figures S1 and S2, displaying the of 1 and 3, a complete table of crystal data and data collection parameters, Tables Sl-S8, listing general temperature factor ORTEP drawings
expressions, final positional and thermal parameters for all atoms including those of the solvate molecules, calculated hydrogen atom positions and thermal parameters, distances and angles, and least-squares planes (39 pages); Tables S9 and SIO, listing observed and calculated structure factor amplitudes (79 pages). Ordering information is given on any current masthead page.
Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and the Center for Organometallic Research, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203-5068
Octahedral Metal Carbonyls. 63.' Chelate Ring Displacement of DTHp from cis - (DTHp) W (CO), by Lewis Bases (DTHp = 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-3,5-dithiaheptane, Lewis Base = L (Phosphine, Phosphite)) Gerard R. Dobson* and JOSE E. Corti% Received April 1 4 , 1988 Reactions of cis-(DTHp)W(CO),, in which DTHp forms a four-membered chelate ring, with L (DTHp = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl3,5-dithiaheptane; L = P(OMe),, P(O-i-Pr),, P(OPh)3,P(OCH2)$CH3, P(n-Bu),) in chlorobenzene (CB) proceed via displacement cis- and trans-(L),W(CO), + DTHp. Kinetics data in CB indicate the of DTHp according to cis-(DTHp)W(CO), + 2L reaction to be biphasic, with cis-(L)(q'-DTHp)W(CO), present as a predominant species during the reaction's course; this intermediate has been characterized for L = P(OCH2),CCH3. In contrast to results observed for related systems containing fiveand six-membered chelating rings, evidence here suggests that significant L-W bond making takes place in the transition states leading to chelate ring opening and closing. This conclusion is supported by activation parameters both for chelate ring opening and for chelate ring closure after pulsed laser flash photolysis in 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) and bromobenzene (BB) solvents (solv), which generates cis- [(solv)(q'-DTHp)W(CO),l; evidence suggests that this intermediate is not produced thermally. The cis(L)(q'-DTHp) W(CO), products produced via the first phase of the biphasic thermal process undergo unimolecular W-S bond fission. Rate constants for this process vary significantly and are largely influenced by the steric properties of coordinated L, increasing in the order of larger Tolman cone angles. This W-S bond dissociation is followed by solvation to afford cis[(CB)(L)W(CO),] intermediates, previously characterized, which then react via rapid reversible desolvation and attack at the five-coordinate, square-pyramidal [ (L) W(CO),] intermediates by L, to afford ci~-(L)~w(cO),.Subsequent nondissociative isomerization of this species forms the equilibrium mixture of cis- and tran~-(L)~W(C0), products ultimately obtained. These several steps involved in the overall chelate displacement process are discussed in detail.
-
Thermal displacement by phosphines and phosphites (L) of chelating ligands S2 ( S 2 = D T O = 2,2,7,7-tetramethyl-3,6-dithiaoctane, (CH3)3CSCH2CH2SC(CH3)3) and DTN (DTN = 2,2,8,8-tetramethyl-3,7-dithianonane, (CH3),SCH2CH2CH2SC(CH3)3), which form five- and six-membered chelating rings, respectively
+
c i ~ - ( S ~ ) w ( C o )2L ~
-
trans- and cis-(L),W(CO),
0
c o I ,.c "W s: L s f ('co SOIV..
C 0
+ S2 (1)
has been studied e ~ t e n s i v e l y . ~Rate , ~ data for the initial ringopening process were interpreted in terms of a predominant dissociative mechanism, (2).4 T h e results were of particular interest because, contrary to the expectation that chelate ring closure should be much faster than bimolecular interaction of L with 2b; Le., k-, >> kb,Sthese two pathways were found to be competitive a t readily accessible concentrations of L (ca. 0.1-1
2b
IkbCL' 0
( 1 ) Part 62: Asali, K. J.; Basson, S. S.; Tucker, J. S.; Hester, B. C.; Cortb, J. E.; Awad, H. H.; Dobson, G. R. J . Am. Chem. SOC.1987,109, 5386. (2) (a) Dobson, G. R. Inorg. Chem. 1969,8,90. (b) Schultz, L. D.; Dobson, G. R.J . Organomet. Chem. 1976, 124, 19. (3) (a) Dobson, G. R.; Faber, G. C. Znorg. Chim. Acta 1970, 4, 87. (b) Dobson, G. R.; Schultz, L. D. J . Organomel. Chem. 1977, 131, 285. (4) It has recently been demonstrated' that replacement of CB solvent by piperidine from the closely related complex cis-[(CB)(P(O-i-Pr),)W(CO),] is dissociative; it therefore will be assumed, initially (however, see the discussion below), that replacement of solvent by L in cis[(CB)(sl-DTHp)W(CO),] intermediates also is dissociative, as is shown in eq 2. ( 5 ) Schwarzenbach, G. Helu. Chim. Acta 1952, 35, 2344.
C L
S:
.. I ,.c
0
8 M). Thus, nonlimiting rate behavior was observed, and it was possible to evaluate "competition ratios", kb/k-,, for reaction of 2b via attack by and by ring Since rates Of chelate ring reclosure are independent of the identity of L, the selectivity of 2b among various L species thus could be e ~ a l u a t e d . ~ * ~
0020-1669/88/1327-3308$01.50/0 0 1988 American Chemical Society
