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Homobispiperidinyl Derivatives as Liver X Receptor Beta Agonists, Compositions, and Their Use Benjamin Blass* Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States Title:
Homobispiperidinyl derivatives as liver X receptor beta agonists, compositions, and their use
Patent Application Number:
WO2017095758A1
Publication date:
June 8th, 2017
Priority Application:
US2261462
Priority date:
December 1st, 2015
Inventors:
Rudd, M. T.; Bennett, D. J.; Wai, J.; Meng, Z.
Assignee Company:
Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation
Disease Area:
Alzheimer’s disease
Biological Target:
Liver X Receptor
Summary:
The liver X receptor (LXR) is part of the cholesterol regulation pathway and a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. There are two isoforms: LXRα and LXRβ. The former is found primarily in the liver, intestines, and macrophages, while the latter is a ubiquitous receptor that is widely expressed in many tissues. Cholesterol precursors, including desmosterol and oxysterols, bind to and activate the LXRs. Activation of these receptors reduces cholesterol absorption, increases peripheral cholesterol efflux systems, and impacts the elimination of cholesterol via bile acid secretion. It has also been demonstrated that LXRs regulate lipid homeostasis in the brain, and as a result, it has been hypothesized that LXRs have a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. LXRβ is the predominant isoform in the brain, and it has been demonstrated that knockout mice are susceptible to adult on-set motor neuron degeneration. Double knockout mice (both LXRs eliminated) also develop neurodegenerative changes in brain tissue. Based on these observations, it has been suggested activation of these receptors with a agonist may represent an opportunity to develop novel therapies for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Further, selective LXRβ agonist would provide beneficial effects in Alzheimer’s disease, while avoiding potential adverse effects associated with disruption of lipid metabolism via LXRα activation. The present disclosure describes a series of homobispiperidinyl derivatives that are LXRβ agonists, as well as their use for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
Important Compound Classes:
Definitions:
-L1- is -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, -C(O)-, -O-, or -S-; Rl is selected from the group consisting of H, methyl, and halogen; R2 is selected from the group consisting of H, -S(O)2C1-C6alkyl), and halogen; X is selected from the group consisting of -N- and -CH-; Z is selected from the group consisting of N and C(R4); R4 is selected from the group consisting of H and methyl; L is a bond, and R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, -(C1-C6)alkyl, and -(C1-C6)alkylOH; or, alternatively, L is a divalent moiety selected from the group consisting of -C(O)- and -S(O)2; and R3 is -N(RNl)(RN2), wherein: RNI is selected from the group consisting of H and -(C1-C6)alkyl; and RN2 is selected from the group consisting of H, -(C1-C6)alkyl, -O-(C1-C6)alkyl, -OH, halogen, -CN, and -(C1-C6)alkyl, which is substituted with 1 or 2 groups independently selected from the group consisting of: -OH, halogen, -CN, -NH2, -NH(C1-C6)alkyl, -N((C1-C6)alkyl)2, optionally substituted phenyl (wherein said optional substitutents on said phenyl are 1 to 3 groups independently selected from OH, CN, -(C1-C4)alkyl, -(C1-C4)alkoxyl), optionally substituted heteroaryl (wherein said optional substituents on said heteroaryl are 1 to 3 groups independently selected from -(C1-C6)alkyl, -(C1-C4)alkoxyl, and cyclopropyl), optionally substituted cyclopropyl (wherein said optional substituents on said cyclopropyl are 1 to 3 groups independently
Received: July 3, 2017
© XXXX American Chemical Society
A
DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00267 ACS Med. Chem. Lett. XXXX, XXX, XXX−XXX
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters
Patent Highlight
selected from -(C1-C6)alkyl), and optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl (wherein said optional substitutents on said heterocycloalkyl are 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, -OH, oxo, CN, and -(C1−C6)alkyl, or, alternatively, RN1 and RN2 are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are shown attached to form a 4-, 5-, or 6-membered fully saturated heterocyclic ring comprising (including said nitrogen atom) 1, 2, or 3 ring heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N,N-oxide, O, S, and S-oxide, wherein said heterocyclic ring is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -OH, oxo, CN, -(C1-C6)alkyl, amino-substituted -(C1−C6)alkyl (wherein said amino is 1, 2, or 3 groups independently selected from the group consisting of -NH2, -N(C1-C4alkyl)2, and -NH(C1-C4alkyl)), -O-(C1-C6)alkyl, -(C1-C6)alkyl-OH, -(C1-C6)haloalkyl, -C(O)O-(C1C6)alkyl, cyclopropyl, spirocyclopropyl, -NHC(O)O(Cl-C6)alkyl, -CH2NHC(O)O-(Cl-C6)alkyl, -CH2N(CH3)C(O)O-(Cl-C6)alkyl, phenyl, benzyl, -NHC(O)-phenyl, heteroaryl, and -(C1-C4)alkylheteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl; Q is a bond or a divalent moiety selected from the group consisting of -C(O)-, -S(O)2-, and -C(O)O-; and R5 is selected from the group consisting of: -C(R5A)(R5B)(R5C), wherein: each of R5A and R5B and R5C is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, halogen, OH, NH2, -(C1-C6)alkyl, -(C1-C6)haloalkyl, -(C1-C6)alkenyl, -(C1-C6)alkynyl, -(C3-C6)cycloalkyl, -(C3-C6)cycloalkyl substituted with -(C1-C6)alkyl, -(C1-C6)alkenyl, -(C1-C6)alkynyl, phenyl, -C(O)phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, and aryl, wherein said phenyl, said -C(O)phenyl, said heteroaryl, said heterocycloalkyl, and said aryl are unsubstituted or substituted with from 1, 2, or 3 groups independently selected from halogen, CN, -(C1-C6)alkyl, -(C1-C6)haloalkyl, -O-(C1-C6)alkyl, -O-(C1-C6) haloalkyl, -C(O)O-(C1-C6) alkyl, and -N(C1-C6alky1)2,
wherein
n is an integer from 1 to 4; and R5D is selected from the group consisting of H, -(C1-C6)alkyl, -(C1-C6)haloalkyl, phenyl, and phenyl substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from the group consisting of OH, halogen, -(C1-C6)alkyl, and -O-(C1-C6)alkyl, and phenyl, benzyl, or thienyl, wherein: said phenyl and said benzyl are unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups, and wherein said thienyl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or 2 groups, independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, CN, -(C1-C6)alkyl, -O-(C1-C6)alkyl, -(C1-C6)haloalkyl, and -O(C1-C6)haloalkyl. Key Structures:
B
DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00267 ACS Med. Chem. Lett. XXXX, XXX, XXX−XXX
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters
Recent Review Articles:
Patent Highlight
Komati, R.; Spadoni, D.; Zheng, S.; Sridhar, J.; Riley, K. E.; Wang, G. Ligands of therapeutic utility for the liver X receptors. Molecules 2017, 22, 1, 88/1−88/24. Courtney, R.; Landreth, G. E. LXR Regulation of Brain Cholesterol: From Development to Disease. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 2016, 27, 6, 404−414. Maqdasy, S.; Trousson, A.; Volle, D. H.; Tauveron, I.; Baron, S.; Lobaccaro, J. M. A. Once and for all, LXRα and LXRβ are gatekeepers of the endocrine system. Molecular aspects of medicine 2016, 49, 31−46.
Biological Assay:
■
LXRbeta and LXRalpha assays: Potency (Inflection Point, IP) and efficacy (Emax) are evaluated via compound-induced coactivator recruitment to glutathione-S-transferase (GST) tagged LXRβ and LXRα LBD (ligand binding domain) proteins in relation to reference dual agonist compound T0901317 (N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-N-[ 4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-l-hydroxy-l-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]benzenesulfonamide) using the LanthaScreen TR-FRET Liver X Receptor Coactivator Assays according to manufacturer’s instructions (Invitrogen catalog number pv4658.pps and pv4655). While running the LanthaScreen TR-FRET Liver X Receptor Coactivator Assay, LXRα-LBD or LXRβ-LBD was added to ligand test compounds followed by addition of a mixture of a fluorescein-labeled coactivator peptide and terbium-conjugated antiGST antibody. After an incubation period at room temperature, TR-FRET (time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer) was measured using a filter-based instrument capable of TR-FRET,
AUTHOR INFORMATION
Corresponding Author
*Tel: 215-707-1085. E-mail:
[email protected]. Notes
The author declares no competing financial interest.
C
DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00267 ACS Med. Chem. Lett. XXXX, XXX, XXX−XXX
