Hydrogen: Production and Marketing - American Chemical Society

6 Hydrogen Production from Partial Oxidation of Residual Fuel Oil

Downloaded by UNIV OF SYDNEY on October 5, 2015 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: March 26, 1980 | doi: 10.1021/bk-1980-0116.ch006

C. L. REED and C. J. KUHRE Process Engineering-Refining Department, Shell Oil Company, 1100 Milam Building, P.O. Box 3105, Houston, TX 77001

In the past several years, forecasting the future avail-

ability and prices of hydrocarbon feedstocks for hydrogen

manufacture has been a very difficult problem. Today, in addition to the supply and demand forces of the market place,

the indeterminate influence of future governmental regulations greatly magnifies the dilemma faced by a company trying to select a long-term economical feedstock for a new hydrogen plant. For many years steam reforming of natural gas to pro-

duce synthesis gas has been a favored basis for hydrogen plant operation. However, the potential for increased price of natural gas has now directed attention to selection of heavier hydrocarbons as feedstock for hydrogen plants. A process which is well-suited to the basic requirement of providing hydrogen and carbon monoxide for hydrogen

manufacture is the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons; i.e.,

the combustion of hydrocarbons with a limited amount of oxygen to yield hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The process is also referred to as gasification because it converts liquid hydro-

carbons to gaseous products, essentially H2 and CO with only small amounts of CO2 and CH4 when high-purity oxygen is used as the oxidant. The product gas, often called synthesis gas or "syngas", can then be converted to high-purity hydrogen as well as a great variety of other chemical products. The ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide in the synthesis gas product from the partial oxidation unit is mainly a function of the hydrogen and carbon content of the feedstock. However, it is possible to exchange over a CO-shift catalyst the carbon monoxide of the synthesis gas for hydrogen from steam while simultaneously producing carbon dioxide. The processing sequence chosen for this paper, shown in Figure 1, is a conventional hydrogen plant flow scheme with each process section having been commercially well-proven. The synthesis gas product from the Shell Gasification Process

(SGP) unit is treated for sulfur removal in a Shell Sulfinol

unit.

The CO-Shift unit includes high-temperature shift cata0-8412-0522-1/80/47-116-095$06.75 © 1980 American Chemical Society In Hydrogen: Production and Marketing; Smith, W., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1980.

96

HYDROGEN: PRODUCTION AND MARKETING

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In Hydrogen: Production and Marketing; Smith, W., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1980.

6. reed and KUHRE

Partial Oxidation of Fuel Oil

101

TABLE III, SGP BASED HYDROGEN PLANT


ESTIMATED CAPITAL INVESTMENT

Basis: Feedstock Production toofthe100 SGPX 106is heavy scf/stream day H2. fuel oil Estimated Installed

Plant Section

Capital Cost,a)$106

Gasification

27.0

Sulfinol

5.4

C0-Shift

14.0

Auxiliary Oil -Fi red Boiler

7.2

C02-Removal & Methanation

9.4

Offsites (35%)b) Total

22.0 85.0

a)ßasis: mid-1979, U.S. Gulf Coast, installed costs. No allowance made for interest during construction.

^/Offsites estimated at 35% of onsite capit. 1 to cover such items as

cooling water, feed water preparation, "tilities, feedstock storage,

effluent treating, and other minor offsites required for a plant

installed adjacent to an existing facility. Oxygen is considered to be delivered "over the fence" at the required pressure and no capital

allowances are included for this supply.


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Hydrogen: Production and Marketing - American Chemical Society

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