357
INDEX
INDEX
Downloaded by 80.82.77.83 on May 17, 2017 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: January 1, 1969 | doi: 10.1021/ba-1965-0047.ix001
Acid electrolyte
64, 107, 221, 269,
153, 288 Acid matrix 107 Active surface area 75, 80 Air breathing batteries 184 Air channels, polarization in 83 Air electrodes, performance . . . 84, 85, 86 Alcohols, anodic oxidation of . . . . 269, 275, 279, 281, 287, 290 Alkaline electrolyte 64, 107, 167, 232, 262, 269, 286 Allis-Chalmers fuel cell 103 Ammonia 48 Anode catalyst 95 depolarized 61 non-porous 61 polarization curves 2o8 reaction 134 Anodic oxidation 269, 283 coulometric measurement 283 in acid medium 288 in alkaline medium 286 Apollo 2 Aqueous film on electrodes 126 Asbestos retainer 5 Β Base matrix 107 Battery 337 assembly 182 bell-and-spigot 338, 340, 344 construction 179 design 256 size 180 Biochemical fuel cells 7 Bioelectrochemistry 3 Bipolar electrode unit cell 180 Borohydride 56 Bromine fuel cell performance . . . . 203 Bromine solubilizers 206 Bubble pressure 11, 20 η-Butane, as fuel 297 fuel cell products 297
Carbon deposition Carbon dioxide in hydrogen fuel supply Carbon electrodes activation catalysis electrochemical characteristics of
325 184 236 130 10 10 18
Carbon electrodes ( continued ) fuel cell batteries 166 graded porosity 18 preparation 10 wetproofing 10 Carbon monoxide 224 detection 227, 268 shift 224 Carbonaceous fuel cells 119 Carbonaceous fuels 138 performance data 119 Carbonate fuel cells, molten . . .232, 247 Carboxylic acids, anodic oxidation of 269, 281, 290 Catalysis, platinum 19 Catalyst 222 anode 95 location 25 methanol decomposition 327 Catalytic hydrogen burner 328 Cathode, effect of oxygen partial pressure on 141 Cell design 180 Ceramic electrolyte 332 Charcoal based carbons 27 Chemisorption rate limitation 52 Chlorite electrodes 265, 266 Coal-burning fuel cell 343 plant efficiency 353 Coal gasification 343 Coal-oxygen reaction 346 Computer simulation of power plant 347 Concentration polarization 39 Contact angle 19, 24 Controlled wetting 125 Current density 116, 337 distribution 84 Current density-voltage 126, 128, 130, 132, 134-5 curves 139 methanol-oxygen cell 138 Current interruption 238 D "Darling effect" Degenerate quinone groups Depolarizer 74, Design criteria for hydrogen-oxygen batteries Diffusion of hydrogen through the electrolyte film Direct energy conversion system . . Dry tape Dual-layer structure Dual membrane fuel cell 196,
Young and Linden; Fuel Cell Systems Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1969.
69 32 80 168 122 343 3 134 198
358
FUEL CELL SYSTEMS
Ε Economics of fuel cell system . . . . Electrical resistivity, electrolyte . . Electrocatalysts Electrochemical fuel Electrode biporous carbon chlorite flow through for acid media framing fuel cell raded porosity carbon omoporous inhibition kinetics metal foil nitric acid-oxygen noble metal nonporous oxygen potentials paraffin-treated carbon performance 135, platinized porous carbon . . . . 292, platinum black 84, platinum on carbon porous 61, 73, porous carbon porous platinum 35, 44, processes redox sintered metal structure 108, 116, Teflon binder Teflon treated carbon thin 106, waterproofed 62, Electrolyte, ceramic 332, feed films 80, 120, 125, flow rates gap ion exchange membrane solid 332, Electron change wetproofing and Electronic current density Electropotential Environmental experiments Equipotential current dependence on oxygen solubility Ethane derivatives Ethylene as fuel Eutectics Exchange current density
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g
258 343 116 269 106 61 166 265 35 9 183 295 18 62 293 28 248 153 249 61 313 10 149 295 107 107 141 18 333 232 153 250 139 107 10 249 107 343 169 138 171 176 85 343 32 30 75 214 168 145 148 269 302 252 37 75
F Faradayic current density distribution Fiber metal electrodes
73, 77 75 79 251
Figure of merit for assessing elec trodes 129 Film electrodes, thin 249 "Fixed-zone" electrode 184 Flat plate electrode, polarization . . 143, Τ 144, 145, 151 current vs. concentration 148 current vs. pressure 146 current vs. oxygen solubility . . . . 149 Flow rate effect 240 Foil electrodes, metal 248 Formaldehyde 48, 54 Formate 55 Fuel cell, acid electrolyte 166, 292 controls 103 electrode cost 113 electrodes 117 hydrocarbon 292 hydrogen-oxygen 106, 166 methanol-chlorite 262, 267 polarization 293 solid-electrolyte 332, 335 Fuel composition, effect on potential 242 Fuel, hydrocarbon 292
G Gas barrier Gas-diffusion electrodes Gas distribution Gas electrodes Gas feed Gas purge Gas usage rate Gemini
120, 126,
181 138 171 138 169 173 169 2
H Half-wave potential Heat generation High temperature fuel cells Hydrazine 48, Hydrocarbon fuel cells, anode po tentials induction period inhibition by air by air and oxygen by oxygen by polarization recovery from low temperature oxidation products 293, pre-electrochemical reactions . . . . products propane potentials propylene potential Hydrocarbon fuels 233, Hydrocarbons Hydrogen bromide Hydrogen-bromine fuel cell. 192, 198, Hydrogen electrode, autogeneous . . Hydrogen, from methanol from natural gas impure
Young and Linden; Fuel Cell Systems Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1969.
23 169 247 57 313 305 314 308 304 311 305 306 292 296 298 312 313 313 292 135 203 203 270 318 221 61
INDEX
359
Hydrogen fuel cells Hydrogen generation plant Hydrogen-oxygen electrodes, tests Hydrogen peroxide Hydrogen purification Hydrogen recovery Hydroperoxide
131, 318 222, 228 318 life 14, 15 48, 58 322 325 30
I
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Idling electrode Internal resistance Ion exchange membrane cells, current density-voltage Ionic current density Isobutane, as fuel
233 127 188, 204 . .. 126 75 302
L Limiting current density Limiting currents Limiting pore radii Lunar excursion module
67, 125, 131, 136-7 48, 12.2, 156-7 23, 33 2
Nitric acid fuel .3D, D8 Nitric acid-oxygen redox electrode 153 Nitrogen diffusion barrier 136 Nonporous diffusion anode 61 Ο Olefins as fuel 292 Open circuit voltage 27, 142, 333 Organic compounds, anodic oxida tion of 269, 281,283 Overload levels 167 Overvoltage 88, 118, 127, 139 Oxidants, dissolved 262 Oxide ion 29 Oxygen, electrochemical reduction 83 liquid 321 (or air) electrodes 11 polarization behavior 11 Oxygen partial pressure 141 square root relationship 146, 151 variation of current with 146 variation of polarization with . . . 143 Oxygen transport, diffusion limited 147 mass transfer limited 152 Ρ
M Manifolds Mass transfer resistance Mass transport processes Membranes in fuel cells Meniscus, electrolyte. Metallic conductor Methanation Methane derivatives Methanol 48, 53, anodic oxidation 283, 286, decomposition fuel cells Methanol-cesium carbonate cell . . . Methanol-chlorite fuel cell Methanol-oxygen cell current density-voltage Micropores Molten carbonate fuel cells 232,
170 90 128 214 122 77 225 221 269 134 288 318 262 119 267 138 138 80 247
Ν National Aeronautics & Space A d ministration 1 Natural gas 221 fuel cells 247 reforming 254 Negative, zero, or positive differen tial pressures . . . 61 Nernst equation 29 Nickel boride, adsorption properties 97 catalyst 96 preparation 96 surface area vs. sintering tempera ture 98
Palladium alloy 62 75% Palladium-25% silver alloy . . 64 for hydrogen purification 321 Paraffin derivatives 269, 283 Paraffins as fuel 292 Parallel flow 170 Parasitic currents 176 Partial pressures of hydrogen 67 Paste electrolytes 252 Perhydroxyl 29, 30 Peroxide 29, 30 Platinum adsorption of ethane . . . . 315 of ethylene 315 of oxygen 315 of propane 315 of propylene 315 Platinum anode catalyst for hydro carbon oxidation 296 Platinum electrodes 107, 333, 335 Poisoning effect 52, 69 Polarization 61 curves 80, 234, 236 diffusion 83, 84, 88 flow through electrodes 35 theory, of porous electrodes . . . . 73 Pore gradient 18 Pore size, distribution 33, 81 Porous electrode 38, 74, 120 of platinum black 44 theory of polarization of 73 Potassium borohydride 48 Potassium formate 48 Potential current density plot . . . . 269 Potential of electrode vs. electrolyte 77 Potential-step voltammetry, in fuel cell studies 300 use in fuel cell study 295
Young and Linden; Fuel Cell Systems Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1969.
360
FUEL CELL SYSTEMS
Potted epoxy construction Power density Power losses Power plant, capital cost Propane as fuel derivatives fuel cell products Propane-oxygen cells Propane-phosphoric acid cell Propylene as fuel Pulsing of fuel cells
296,
184 186 174 95 302 269 296 130 119 302 5
R
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75 45 325 325 74 318 65 29 347
Τ
Q Quinone groups 31, 32 Quinone-hydroquinone system . . . . 32 standard potentials 32
Raney palladium catalyst Raney platinum anodic oxidation on catalyst 269, 270, 271, Rate-controlling mechanism Reaction interface Reactor Reforming Regeneration of nitric acid Regenerative fuel cells Resistive losses
270 284 283 280 65 23 345 222 162 6 118
Tafel equation Tafel slopes Teflon-treated electrodes Temperature operating levels Test reactor Thermostatic control Thin electrodes Thin film electrodes Three-phase boundary Three-phase interface Tortuosity factor Transport processes
39 127 107 171 347 179 106 249 125 141-2 38, 81 116
32, 10,
U Ultrapure hydrogen
321
W
S Self-regulation Series flow Shift, carbon monoxide Single membrane fuel cell Sodium chlorite Solid-electrolyte fuel cell battery Soluble oxidants Space-type fuel cells Space velocity
Standard rate constant Stannous-stannic redox Steam-carbon ratio Steam reforming of hydrocarbons . Structure of the porous electrode . . Submarine propulsion Surface absorption and dissociation processes Surface complex Systems study of coal burning power plant
190, 332,
178 170 224 197 262 335 343 263 7 224
Washburn equation Water, pollution production rate transpiration Wetproofing 19, 21, 23, 24, 26,
23 7 169 177 33
Ζ Zirconia-calcia electrolyte Zirconia-yttria electrolyte
Young and Linden; Fuel Cell Systems Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1969.
332, 332,
343 343
