268
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
Numerous ways are shown by which these "weights" hrwe been determined. Crystal structure and isomorphism are thoroughly discussed. I t is felt that most American students of first-year chemistry would find the mathematios of these early chapters mthrr rigoruu~. Aturulc structurc i first iutnxluvnl in ('ll:qm-r , V. Thr periodic classification 01 thc c l n e r n t ~rlrvtnmrgutivity, and virlence arcall inrirnarclv nnd cffecr~vrlvtied toutwuiv 'itructure. The periodic chart uied in this text has 11 groups and is based on the chart proposed by T. S. Wheeler ["Chemistry and Industry," 1947, pp. 639-421. Teachers who want a refreshing approach to this area of the first-year course should read this text. The subject of solutions is treated from the viewpoint of physic$ chemistry; numerous phase equilibrium diagrams are given. Osmosis and fractional and steam distillations are covered in some detail. The chanter on electrolvtes is not UD to the hieh standard cif t1w rest 01 rh; I w ~ k ; the &initioni are pour a m 1 ' ; ~ y yvc I? irnpurtmt ssprcts of the rubjcct nrr nor mrnrioncd. So l m ~ z is hid fur volumrtrir :~nalys~s or ~ q u i v ~ l r n coiy ~l~emicalr.1 . 1 1 ~ wrm "normal solution" is mrntionvd hut not dcfinrd. Tlrr ch~pwr on elrctrodr potmtirll and clrctrolysi\ is ~ w r l l m t l ydrvrlop,.d. The nuLjcct of rolloid* is well handl~dHA re~ardsd~finitionsand classific&ions hut the properties of colloidd solutions are not adequately compared with the solutions of molecular and ionic materials. Modern methods of using ion-exchange resins are not mentioned in connection with water treatment (although zeolite is mentioned). The chapters that rue devoted to the elements and their important eompounds d l follow the general pattern of giving (1) tables of physiochemical data, (2) generalized statements of the chemical properties as developed from their structure, electr* negativity, and periodic classification, (3) industrial processes for the preparation of the elements and their major compounds, and (4) specific chemical properties. Most of the equations are written molecularly. In reading these chapters, it is necessary to keep constantly in mind the periodic chart that is used in this text. General principles are constantly stressed. this reviewrr that Amcrirm trwhvr* 111 It is the opinion (,I first-year wllt.ye vhtvnistr). eoursrs would profil by r ~ ~ d i nthis g text. .\t the a m c tlmr, he is douhtiul that it is il &tul,lr t t , \ t for most courses in this country. JOHN B. ENTRIKIN C e a r m ~ s uCOLLEOE
Sasevmom. Lonrar*~*
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INDUSTRIAL AND MANUFACTURING CHEMISTRY. PART I: ORGANIC
Geoffrey Martin. Revised by Edward I. Cooke. Seventh edition. The Technical Press, Ltd., England; Anglobooks, New York, 1952. xxi 752 pp. 240 figs. 16.5 X 25 om. $21.
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ARE you interested in the manufacture of candles? Chapter IXA is devoted to this subject. The m a t e d given is up to date; 1910, that is. The reviewer compared this new edition with the fifth (1920) edition and found hut few changes. There is still the same chapter on Artificial Silk. The Aliphatic Chemicals Industry is the manufacture of oxalic acid from sawdust, tartaric acid from wine lees, plus a few halogen derivatives and esters. These chapters indicate the age, tone, and level of the hook. Certain revisions and additions have been made, such as a 35-page chapter on the Petroleum Refining Industry, which was fitted between pages 4 and 19 by having page 18 run from 18a to 18t. Mostly the pages are printed from the same plates usedfor the fifth and sixth editions. Even without this economy, a price of $21 would he frtntastic. This hook outlived its usefulness aftsr tho sixth edition in 1922. KENNETH A. KOBE U N I V E R ~ ~01TT VE X A ~ A a a ~ r x ,TEX*B
MR. WIZARD'S SCIENCE SECRETS Don Herbert. Popular Mechanics Press, chicago, 1952. 264 $3. Pages. Illustrated. 143 X 22 AN ATTRACTIVE selection of simple "home experiments" in general science which should provide profitable entertainment for youngsters on many a rainy afternoon. Chemistry is represented to a reasonable extent. The chapter headings are inviting: Right in Front of Your Nose (air pressure); Holes in the Air (vacuum); What's Burning? (oxidation); "What Makes an Airplane Fly? (aerodynamics); Why Balance Gets Lost (gravity) Getting Warm (heat radiation, conduction, and convection); "Sound Fun (sound); The Bottle, Pin and Sodastraw Philharmonic (musical vibration); The Case of the Mysterious Magnet (magnetism); Electromagnetic Magio (electromagnetism); Charge it! (static electricity); The Wonders of Water (solids, liquids, gas); Bubbles a t Work (carbon dioxide); The Biggest Mystery of All-You! (the human body).
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THE SCIENCE OF FLAMES AND FURNACES
M. W. Thing, Head of Physics Department, British Iron and Steel Research Association. John Wiley 8 Sons, Inc., New York, 416 pp. Illustrated. 14.5 X 22.5 cm. $6.50. 1952. xiv
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THIShook is clearly a "must" for engineers of d l classifications who are concerned with the design and operation of industrial furnaces, for physicists and chemists interested in theoretical and practical problems of ,furnaces, and teachers and students of engineering who desire a modern authoritative introduction to the seientifio aspects of industrial furnace operations. The author is eminently qualified for his subject, having ~peeializedin furnace research for many years. The subject matter itself is manifestly of vast economic signikance and in addition offers interesting problems both in applied and fundamental research: this is a combination of circumstances which might he expected to attract the attention of industrial and other research organiaations in ever-increasing measure. The opening chapter presents thumbnail ketches of the function of furnaces in the production of iron, steel, nonferrous metals, ceramics, chemicals, cement and glass, and in cod carbonization. It proceeds to classify the branches of science applicable to the processes taking place in the furnace, namely (1) the thermodynamics of hesting processes, (2) the laws of energy release by combustion of fuels, (3) the law8 of flow of hot gases, and (4) the scienre of construction of furnace walls. These subjects are taken up separately in the succeeding chapters. In the second chapter entitled The Thermodynamics of Furnace Heating, the knotty problem of standards of efficiency is treated. From the first and second law the applimhle concepts me developed stop by step to the ultimate efficiency standard based on consideration of the "virtue" of energy, a. quantity derived from the second law which is conveniently used here in place of entropy. In logical order, the next chapters deal with the various aspects of conversion and transfer of energy in the furnace. Chapter 3 concerns the liberation of heat by combustion; this includes reaction mercies and eauilibria. reaction kinetics. flames of me-
diation; the means of measurement and calculation of heat transfer in the furnace chamber, and of heat loss through the furnace "skin"; the unsteady state during the heating-up period. Chapter 5, entitled The Aerodynamics of Hot Systems is of particular interest as it desk with a comparatively little-known suhieot. Its sienificance in furnace ooeration arises from cou-
of observation and measurement, and results obtained. Following this coverage of the dynamic aspects of furnace
