Part A, D. Van Nostrand, Princeton, N. J., 1966, p. 105. (636) Walters. J. P.. ANAL. CHEM.39. ‘ 770 (1967). ’ (637) Walters, J. P., Malmstadt, H. V., A p p ? . Spectry. 20, 80 (1966). (638) Zbid., p. 193. (639) Wanner, D. E., Conrad, F. J., Zbid., 21, 177 (1967). (640) Webb. 11. S. W.. Webb. R. J.. Anal. Chih. Acta 36, 403 (1966). (641) Wendt, R. H., Fassel, V. A., ANAL. CHEM.38, 337 (1966). (642) West, T. S., Chem. Znd. (London), 1966, 1005. (643) West, T. S., Endeavour 26, 44 ~
(1967’1.
(644) Westerlund-Helmerson, U., At. Absorption .Vetusletter 5 , 97 (1966). (645) White, R. A., J . Sci. Znstr. 44, 678 (1967). (646) Wiese, W. L., Smith, 31. W., Glennon. B. ?\I.. “Atomic Transition Probabil’lties, ’Vol. 1.-Hydrogen Through Neon,” Sational Standard Reference Data Series, Satl. Bur. Stand., NSRDS-NBS 4, U. S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1966. (647) Willis, J. B., LVature207,715 (1965). (648) Willis, J. B., Spectrochim. Acta 238, 811 (1967). (649) Winefordner, J. D., RIcCarthy, W. J., St. John, P. A., J . Chem. Educ. 44, 80 (1967). (650) Winefordner, J. D., RlcGee, W. W., Mansfield, J. >I., Parsons, Rl. L., Zacha, K. E., Anal. Chim. Acta 36, 25 (1966).
(651) Winefordner, J. D., Overfield, C. V., J. Chromatog. 31, 1 (1967). (652) Winefordner, J. D., Parsons, M.L., -Mansfield. J. M.. McCarthv. W. J.. ANAL.CHEM.39, 436 (1967).“’ (653) Winefordner, J. D., Parsons, AI. L., Mansfield, J. RI., McCarthy, W. J., Spectrochim. Acta 23B, 37 (1967). (654) Yakowitz, H., Vieth, D. L., Heinrich, K. F. J., Michaelis, R. E., Advan. X-Ray Anal. 9, 289 (1966). (655) Yakowitz, H., Vieth, D. L., Michaelis, R. E., “Homogeneity Characterization of NBS Spectrometric Standards. 111. White Cast Iron and Stainless Steel Powder Compact,” Natl. Bur. Stand. Misc. Publ. No. 260-12, U. S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1966. (656) Yamamoto, >I., Murapama, S., Spectrochim. Acta 23A, 773 (1967). (657) Yamamoto, Y., Kumamaru, T., Hayashi, Y., Talunta 14, 611 (1967). (658) Yasuda, K., ANAL.CHEM.38, 592 f196A). \__..
(659) Ykidelevich, I. G., Artyukhin, P. I., Chuchalina, L. S.,Protopopova, N. P., Skrebkova, L. M.,Gil’bert, E. N., Pronin, V. A., Zh. Anal. Khim. 21, 1457 1966). (660) Zacha,’K. E., Winefordner, J. D., ANAL.CHEM.38, 1537 (1966). (661) Zado, F. 31., Juvet, R. S.,Jr., Ibid., p. 569. (662) Zaldel, A. N., Petrov, A. A., Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk. 3, 383 (1965). (663) Zakharov. L. S..Aidarov. T. K.. ’ I b k j p. 489.‘
(664) Zakorina, N. A., Lazeeva, G. S., Petrov, A. A., Atomnya Energiya 20, 348 (1966). (665) Zakorina, X. A., Lazeeva, G. S., Petrov, A. A., Vestn. Leningrad. Univ. 21, Ser. Fiz. Khim. No. 4, 38 (1966); C.A. 67, 590982 (1967). (666) Zakorina, N. A., Lazeeva, G. S., Petrov. A. A.. Skvortsova. G. V.. Favorskava. 11: P.. Zbid.. 20. No. 2: 152 (196;);’ C.A. 63, 10682e (1965).-’ (667) Zalubas, R., Wilson, M.,J . Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., A 69, 59 (1965). (668) Zaugg, W. S., Knox, R. J., Anal. Biochem. 20. 282 (1967). (669) Zausznika, A., Fr. Patent 1469287, Feb. 10, 1967; C.A. 67, 8 7 5 0 3 ~(1967). (670) Zhiglinskil, A. G., Fafurina, E. N., Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk. 5, 557 (1966). (671) Zhukov, A. A., Liteinoe Proizvod. 1967(7), 14; C . A . 67, 110792~(1967). (672) Zil’bershtein, Kh. I., Nanarokov, A. V.,Semov, AI. P., Zavodsk. Lab. 33, 170 (1967). (673) Zil’bershtein, Kh. I., Nikitina, 0. S., Piryutko, AI. M.,Metody 4naZ. Khim. Reaktivov Prep., Moscow 12, 39 (1966); C.A. 67, 175772 (1967). (674) Zil’bershtein, Kh. I., Xikitina, 0. N., Semov, AI. P., Poluch. Anal. Veshchestv. Osoboi Chist., Mater. Vses. Konf., Gorky, USSR 1963, 139 (Publ. 1966); C.A. 67, 398479 (1967). (675) Zimmer, K., Torok, T., Asztalos, I., Chem. Anal. (Warsaw) 11, 1065 (1966). (676) Zykova, T. F., Zolotukhin, G. E., Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk. 5 , 417 (1966).
Infrared Spectrometry R. 0.Crisler, lvorydale Technical Center, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio
T
HIS REVIEW covers articles appear-
ing in the two-year period from December 1965 to December 1967, primarily as cited by Chemical Abstracts or located by search of 25 journals which most frequently publish papers on infrared spectroscopy and analytical chemistry. References have been selected to indicate significant developments in those areas of general interest to applied spectroscopists. Chemical, and particularly analytical, applications are emphasized. Many specific areas of spectroscopic interest are reviewed only briefly or not at all-e.g., interferometry or infrared physics-as being most likely well known to those having more specific interests. The choice of headings reflects a subjective division of the articles into coherent topics, and much of the discussion assumes familiarity with the content of the previous reviews and a general knowledge of the state of the art. BOOKS A N D REVIEWS
h number of introductory texts directed at the undergraduate or novice have been published. Among them are 246 R
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books by Conley (9A)and Martin ( f 9A) devoted exclusively to infrared spectroscopy and a general instrumental analysis text by Banwell (4A). Chapters have been written by J. C. Evans and by L. A. Smith for the general analytical series edited by Welcher (S2A) and Kolthoff and Elving ( 1 ?A). Interpretation of spectra is described by Szymanski ( S f A), Brand and Eglinton (6A), and Silverstein and Bassler (24A), the latter two taking an integrated approach using the results of other instrumental techniques. An advanced text on theory and practice has been written by Houghton and Smith ( I S A ) . A collection of monographs on applications has been edited by Kendall ( f 6 A ) and on recent research and selected topics by Szymanski (SOA). A number of papers on spectroscopic techniques have been collected by M a y (2OA) from those published in Applied Spectroscopy. Books on the reflectance techniques have been written by Harrick (IOA) and Wendlandt (SSA), the former exclusively on -4TR. A manual on recommended practices assembled by ASThl Committee E-13
452 17
has been printed ( f i l ) , and a set of quality specifications for infrared spectra ( 8 A ) has been prepared. Both of these should be studied by all spectroscopists along with a paper by Potts and Smith (2fA) on the proper adjustment of an infrared spectrophotometer. A multilingual dictionary of spectroscopic terms has been printed (15A) and three new journals have been started (28, SA, 25A). A compilation of wavelength standards has appeared (%?A), and tables of band assignments for 59 molecules have been prepared by Shimanouchi (23A) for the National Standard Reference Data System (NSRDS-NBS). Two volumes of the series of interpreted spectra and Supplements 3 and 4 to the “Infrared Band Handbook” have been published by Szymanski (27A-29A). Several books and pamphlets on the analysis and interpretation of spectra of polymers have appeared (7A, 1 I A , 12A, I4A, %?A),a book on the spectra of cellulose and derivatives has been translated (SCA), and a comprehensive book on the spectra of adsorbed species has been written by Little ( f 8 A ) . -4n annotated bibliography of the literature
appearing from 1961 to 1965 on sulfur compounds has been prepared (5-4). Other reviews will be discussed under later topics. TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION
While no new technique comparable to .lTR or coniiiressed disks has been announced, a few innovations for handling small or otherwise difficult samples are of importance. The Harshaw Chemical Company has introduced a Kl3r wedge, the “Kick-Stick” (12B) which may be quite useful for concentrating small samples. The wedge is set base down in the solution, the migration of the solution to the tip of the wedge and the evalioration of the solvent serving to concentrate the solute. The tip may then be removed for compression into a inicro-disk or for other treatment. Other methods for handling small saiiip1e.q)I)articularly from the collection of GC fractions. include one in which the collected fraction is evaporated onto unpressed Klir in a die which can be removed for pressing (6B).Transfer of a GC fraction from a special collecting needle into a cavity cell by centrifuging has a k o been described ( 2 0 s ) )as has a niicrocell made by drilling holes in a salt cr>.stal from it-hich spectra can be obtained on 5 pg of solute (PTB). Esaniination of amino acids in agar films was nccoiiipliFhed by extruding the mixture of agar and sample from the barrel of a syringe, slicing films with a microtome for direct esaniination (&$I?). aiPlexiglas mold and a method for preliaration of agar films was also described (3QB). The esaniination of powders by rubbing them into polyethylene film (%@) and simple methods for ~~reliaring oriented polycrystalline films and the use of 1)olyethylene and tals to K13r windows ect of other articles. .Ittention has been called to the effect on band contours of‘ the matrix material in t h r pressed disk technique (31B),and t o the effect of this saniple preparation on the distribution of rotational isomers (R6B). rl study has been made of dehydration rates of clays using pressed disks (?B).It waq concluded that the disk porosity depended both on matrix material and on its method of preparation. The formation of salts by 1)ahsinp HC1 or ammonia vapors over the material niised with Kl3r was described, and some of the materials n-hich form salts were tabulated (15B). For the exaniination of amine salts in the near infrared, disks of sample sans Iil3r \vere reported to yield better spectra (55B). The use of polyethylene (32B) and the preparation of transwder (36B) for disks has The study of materials a t very high pressure is leading to a better under-
standing of the nature of the interior of the Earth and has promise of providing new high density forms of natural and synthetic minerals. A report of some of the work with solids at pressures of 35,000 a t m in a diamond cell (QB)and a brief description of a technique used for far infrared spectra of solids and liquids a t high pressure (4B)have appeared. Among the special high temperature cells described are one which was used for gaseous molybdenum oxides (18B), and two used for the study of solids in controlled atmospheres (19B, 4ZB). d special cell for quantitative measurement of the spectra of adsorbed gasses incorporates a spring arrangement for rveighing up to 1 mg of adsorbed mateIrotating cryostat has been rial (5%). . designed for the deposition and exaniination of free radicals in a rare gai matrix (R3B) and a more conventional low temperature cell has been reported to be reliable and simple ( S S B ) . A method for fabricating vacuum tight cells from high density polyethylene by casting has been reported ( I B ) , and cells for reactive liquids and ga-ses have been described @B,R d B ) , the former being essentially a Teflon cell in a PVC pipe. A good discussion of the use of a 40meter gas cell for atmospheric studies has included loner detection limits for inany gasses (16B), and the use of a small volume gas cell to detect trace solvents in solids ( S S B ) has been reported. An ingenious cell for the measurement of permeability of films to water vapor is designed to permit use of known areas of films a i the cell sides (1TB). A small volume flowthrough system has been designed for kinetic studies (14 B ) . The availability of rapid response solid state detectors has permitted construction of rapid-scan spectrometers for shock tube and flash photolysis studies. One such uses an InSb detector and scans a 0.6-micron range a t 0.07 micron resolution in 30 seconds (5B). Another uses the C h doped Ge detector operated a t 4.2 K and scans 10 microni per second a t 5 to 15 reciprocal centimeters resolution ( f 1 B ) . I n other areas of instrumentation, the polarization of the beam in a commercial grating spectrophotometer has been measured (IOB), and the linearity of Golay detectors determined ( f S B ) . -12’,/2 meter vacuum spectrometer with resolution of 0.03 cin-l has been described for the range 1-40 microns (25B), and another for the far infrared has been claimed to be as good a3 the best interferometer ( 2 l B ) . The far infrared spectra of the “ I R T R 1 S ” materials have been reported (29B)and those of a number of commercially available crystals measured (6B) in which it is pointed out that these spectra are dependent on temperature and are different from spectra taken at low teinperature published elsewhere.
4 description of the metallic mesh for IR filters has been given (2SB), an analysis made in terms of the electronic capacitance analogy (40B, 4 f B), and some measurements were reported (30B). COMPUTER AIDED SPECTROSCOPY
One of the most significant developments in spectroscopy in the past two years has been the exploitation of the computational power of digital computers to aid in the solution of spectroscopic problems. At present, the techniques are directed toward obtaining accurate spectra by correcting them for the known instrumental distortions and toward the quantitative representation of spectra as tables of band parameters. The spectra can be regenerated from the parameters by a computer and the parameters can be used directly for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The techniques are sufficiently del eloped to justify predicting their routine use within the next two years to produce spectra that are an order of magnitude better than can be obtained without computer assistance. The work reported includes a rapid method for cell calibration based on the determination of the order of interference fringes. The procedure can also be used with manual calculations (4C). The correction for instrument I , and for cell losses can be made by calculating the ratio5 of transmittances obtained in a variable space cell at two thicknea5es
(7C). The distortions introduced in spectra by the finite spectral slit R idth and by the dynamic respon5e of the instrument are usually discussed in terms of the mathematical convolution function, the exact solution involving Fourier Transforms. Neasurement of the in-trument function of a prism spectrometer wa- accomplished and the iesulta !$ere compared i ~ i t hcalculated effects in a highly mathematical paper (doc). Calculation of the distortion produced by electronic filters nab deacribed (25C) and several mathematical technique5 for deconvolution neie given in a 1iai)er on eliminating the effect of aitigmatism in measurements of the solar disk (13C). ;1 successive approximation method termed “pseudo-deconl olution” was found to be highly succ ing for the finite slit width effect ( I l C , lac). An infrared spectrum can be reduced to a table of band parameters by fitting the spectrum to an algebraic function. Results of a comparison of several algorithms for the computation by the method of nonlinear least squares using variations of the Voigt function as a band model have been given in a series of papers (16C-18C). I n this work it was concluded that better fits are obtained VOL. 40, NO. 5, APRIL 1968
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by using the Cauchy-Gauss sum function. As an example, a steroid spectrum was fitted with an accuracy of 0.014 absorbance unit. Less elaborate methods have used the G a u k a n or Cauchy (Lorentz) functions a b band models for the resolution of overlapping bands (5C, 1OC). Arbitrary graphical methods are discussed and tested but it is suggested that computer resolution is better (32). Overlapping as indicated by second derivative spectra has been discussed (6C). Some important earlier work on computer handling of spectra, including data smoothing, peak-picking, and plotting has been reprinted (22C). Papers on the mathematical properties of the Voigt function (32) and on a trigonometric function a hich provides for some band a y n n i e t r y (26C)have appeared. The use of digital integration for the calculation of integrated intensities has been illustrated in t n o papers (25C, Z4C) which also discus band shapes determined of a number of compounds. The effect of instrument dynamic error as a possible cause of band asymmetry was not discussed, although spectra were obtained under conditions which should have minimized the effect. Strengths of pressure-broadened COr bands N ere also obtained from digital integration of spectra ( S l C ) . The use of a correlation coefficient for comparing ultraviolet spectra was described (19C). The correlation coefficient is a sensitive means for comparing shapes of bands, and has potential for the identification of materials by spectral comparison. X computer method for searching the M T l I index to published infrared spectra was described (1C). X computer program for Beer’s law calculations has been described (SC). A discussion of the spectra of adsorbed species demonstrates the use of computer averaging to enhance spectra of small quantities (9C). A discussion of the information capacity of an analytical method concludes that for atmospheric analysis, the information rate is 13 bits per second (21C). Construction of a digitizer is illustrated (15C). A mathematical procedure for correcting for scattered light in the spectra of suspensions is described
(ICC). INTERFEROMETRY
Interferometric spectroscopy is in the apparatus stage with active debate over whether interferometers or grating spectrometers can produce better resolution (6D, l b D , 16D, 2 l B ) in equivalent time. Interferometry is, of course, preferred where its high light gathering power is a significant advantage. h general history of Fourier Transform Spectroscopy has been written by Lowenstein ( l 4 D ) 248 R
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and an illuminating description of the two-beam interferometer used for obtaining the excellent planetary spectra at 1 cm-’ resolution has been prepared by Connes and Connes (4D). The potentialities of the multiple scan interferometers are being explored by Low and coworkers and presented in several papers. Subjects covered are emission spectra of pesticides in the microgram range (SD)and of human skin (lRD), reflectance spectra of minerals ( l l D ) , and absorption spectra of GC fractions (130). A general description of the application of a Michaelson interferometer to solid state studies has been presented (17 D ) . X number of instruments have been described including a dual beam system on which 10 ppm of methanol could be examined ( l D ) , a commercial instrument with an associated computer ( g a l l ) , a lamellar grating instrument for the far I R (9D) antl a Xchaelson interferometer operated in the asymmetric mode for the examination of solids in the far I R (2D, 180, f 9 D ) . Because interferometers produce the Fourier Transform of a transmission spectrum, it is not immediately obvious hon such phenomena as noise and instrumental defects operate to 1011er the quality of a spectrum. Mathematical analysis of some of these effects have been reported (IOD, 200, 2 f 0 ) . .1 description of the “Fast Fourier Transform” method for obtaining the transmission spectrum from the interferogram has been published (YD). A theory and some comments on the relation between the interferogram and time dependent features of the sample has appeared (50,80). ATTENUATED TOTAL REFLECTANCE
The superiority of solution and mull techniques for ‘‘normal” samples is apparent in the paucity of papers describing applications of attenuated total reflectance to these materials. Thus, it appears, -4TR is not replacing conventional methods but is generally being accepted only for specific applications where the geometry or sample presentation is restrictive or where certain optical properties are of major interest. *In esample of the exploitation of the unique properties of .ITR has been in the design and use of special cells for the observation of molecular species present at electrode interfaces (8E, 19E, 26E). It seems probable that improvements in the systems will permit obtaining u*able spectra of species in layers of molecular dimensions, allowing improved interpretations of electrochemical processes. Similarly, the detection of residual cosmetics on skin (d4E) and the examination of skin and other tissues (2123) have been described. An accurate system incorporating
variable angle of incidence and a parallel light beam has been d e w i b e l (2E). The system is being used to measure optical constants, band shapes, and integrated intensities (5E, 6 E ) . discussion of the relationships between these properties has also been presented (16E). -4 rosette cell, useful for small volumes has been described ( 9 E ) , and discussions of the design of optimum systenis have appeared (IbE, 14s) While the deiign of multiple reflection units goes merrily apace, a note that a single reflection cell produces greater spectral detail for inefficient systems (SI?)should not be qlighted. The calculation of effective ianiple thichne-s ( 1 f E ) and the relationship betn-een .1TR spectra and bulk optical propertieq in the UT’-Vis spectrum (15E)have been dealt ith. The uqe of a thin .lac1 film between the ‘ample and prism has been reported to alleliate some of the contact problem n i t h solid . S., Htimler, S.S., “Infrared Spectra of Plastics and Resins. Part 3-Related Polymeric Materials (Elastomers),” ASTIA AD 649004, U. S.Ilept. of Commerce, Washington, 11. C., 1967. (8A) Coblentz Society Board of &Tanagers, AXIL. CHEX 38 (9), 27A (1966). (9.4) Cyley, R. T., “Infrared Spectroscopy, Allyn and Bacon, Boston, Mass., 1966. (IOA) Harrick, ?;. J., “Internal Refertion Spectroscopy,” Interscience, S e w York, 1967. (11A) Haslam, J., Willis, H. A,, “Identification and Analysis of Plastics,” Van Kostrand, Princeton, N. J., 1965. (12A) Henniker. J. C.. “Infrared SDec‘ trometrv of Industrial Polvmers.” , -hca- demic Press, Sew York, 1967. (13A) Hoiighton, J. T., Smith, S. D., “Infrared Physics,” Oxford University Press, London, 1966. (14A) Hummel,,, D. O., “Infrared Spectra of Polwners, Interscience. New York. 1966. 5A) International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, “Multilingual Ilictionary of Important Terms in Molecular Spectroscopy,” Sational Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, 1966. 6A) Kendall, D. K., Ed., “Applied Infrared Spectroscopy,” Reinhold, Xew York, 1966. VOL 40, NO. 5, APRIL 1968
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(17A) Kolthoff, I. ?;., Elving, P. J., Eds., “Treatise on ilnalytical Chemistry. Part I, Theory and Practice, Vol. 6,” Interscience, Kew York, 1966. (MA) Little, L. H., “Infrared Spectra of Adsorbed Species,” Academic Press, Sew York, 1966. (l(3A) ?vlart,in,A. E., “Infra-Red Instrumentation and Techniqiies,” American Elsevier, Xew York, 1966. (20A) M y , L., Ed., “Spectroscopic Tricks, Plenum Press, Xew York, 1967. (21A) Potts, W. J., Smith, A. L., i l p p l . Opt. 6, 257 (1967). (22A) Rao, K. S . , Hiimphreys, C. J., Rank, D. H., “Wavelength Standards in the Infrared,” Academic Press, New Yolk, 1966. (23A) Shimanouchi, I. T., Nat. Stand. R e f . Data Ser., .Vat. Bur. Stds. NSRDSNBS S o . 6 (1967). (24.4) Silverstein, R. M., Bassler, G. C., “Spectrometric I$ntification of Organic Compomids, John Wiley, New Ynrk. 1967. (25A)-&~&oscopy Letters, Marcel Dekker, Sew York. (26A) Stimniler, S. S., Kagarise, R. E., “Infrared Spectra of Plastics and Resins, Part 2,” ASTIA AD 634427, L. S. 13ept. Commerce, Washington, 13. C., 1966. (27A) Szymanski, H. A., “Infrared Band Handbook, Supplements 3 and 4,” Pleniim Press, New- York, 1966. (28A) Szymanski, H. 44.,“Interpreted Infrared PDectra. Vol. 2.” Plenum Press, Xew’York,‘ 1966. ’ (29A) Szymanski, H. A., “Interpreted Infrared Speclra, Vol. 3,” Plenum Press, Kew York, 1967. (30A) Szymanski, H. A., Ed., “Progress in Infrared Spectroscopy, Vol. 3,” Plenum Press, S e w York, 1967. (31A) Szynianski, H. A,, “A Systematic Bppronch t,o the Interpretation of Infrared Spectra,” Hertillon Press, Buffalo, N. Y., 1967. (32A) Welcher, F. J., Ed., “Instrumental Xlethods, Vol. 111,” I>. Van Sostrand, Princeton, K.J., 1966. (33A) Wendlandt, W.W.,Hecht, H. G., “Reflectance Spectroscopy,” Interscience, New York, 1966. (34A) Zhbankov, R. G., “Infrared Spectra of Cellulose and Its Derivatives,” Consiiltants Bureau, New York, 1966.
(12B) Harshaw Chemical Co., “WickStick,” advertisement in ANAL.CHEM. 39 (13), 9lA (1967). (13B) Hennerich, K., Lahmann, W., Witte, W., Infrared Phys. 6, 123 (1966). (14B) Hirsch, A., Bridgland, B. E., ANAL.CHEM. 38. 1272 11966). (l5B) Hofmann, B. R.,‘ Ellis, G. H., Zbid., 39, 406 (1967). (16B) Hollingdale-Smith, P. A ., Can. SpectrJl. 11, 107 (1966). (17B) Husband, It. 11,, Petter, P. J., T a p p i 49, 565 (1966). 118B) Ioriis. T. V.. Stafford. F. E..‘ J . ‘ Ant. Chevi. SOC. 88, 4819 (1966). (19B) Kagel, It. O., Hrrscher, L. W., A p p l . Spectry. 21, 187 (1967). (20B) Kendall, R. F., Ihzd., p. 31. (21B) Kneubuhl, F. K., Moser, J.-F., Stcffen, H., J . Ana. Opt. SOC.56, 760 (1966). (22B) Mack, J. L., A p p l . Opt. 5, 1235 (1 966). (23B) Mamantor, G., Fletcher, W. H., Cristy, S. S., Edwards, C. T., Morton, R. E., Rev. Scz. Znstr. 37, 836 (1966). (24B) Marshall, L. XI., Tarver, 31. L., Keller, C., Spectrochim. Acta 23A, 1177 (1967). (25B) Overend, J., Gilhy, A. C., Rrissell, J. W.,Brown, C. IT., Beutel, J., Bjork, C. W.,Paulat, H. G., A p p l . Opt. 6, 457 i1967 ). (26B)-Park, P. J . I]., Wyn-Jones, E., Chenz. Conaniun. 1966, 557. (27B) Piice, G. I)., Sunaq, E. C., R’illiams, E. C., A s IL. CHEV.39, 138 (1967). 12813) Rawcliffe. R. I).. Randall. C. A i . . ’ A&l. O p t . 6, 1353 (1967). (29B) Itesder, G. ht., Moller, K. D., Ihid., 5 , 877 (1966). (30B) Ibid., 6, 893 (1967). (31B) Schiele, C., A p p l . Spectry. 20, 253 (1966). 132BI Schiele. C.. Pvlever. F. J.. SDectro‘ c h i k -2cta 22, 1!%7 11966). (3.713) Schwartzman, G., Siillivan, D., Sarnoff, E., ,J. Assoc. OBc. A n a l . Chemists 50, 1196 (1967). 134B) Schwing, K. J., ANAL.CHEW 38, 523 ( 1966). (35B) Sinsheinier. J. E.. Keuhnelian.’ ‘ A. kI., J . Phariii. Sci. 55,’1240 (1966). (36B) Spittler, T. AI., Jaselskis, B., A p p l . Spectry. 20, 251 (1966). (37B) Stahlberg, O., Steger, E., Spectrochinz. Acta 23A, 257 (1967). (38B) Steinhardt, R. G., Staats, P. A., Morgan, H. IT., Rev. Sci. Instr. 38, I
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975 i1967). , \ - - -
Techniques and Instrumentation (1B) Ashdown, S., Crowdy, T. F., Steele, I)., Lab. Practice 15, 868 (1966). (2B) Bartoszek, E. J., Macklev, C. J., Gardner, D.’ AI., A p p l . Spectry. 21, 44 (1967). (3R) Bhasin, bl., Curran, C., John, G. S., Spectrochim. Acta 238, 455 (1967). (4B) Bradley, C. C., Gehbie, H. A., Gilby, A. C., Kechin, V. V., King, J. H., ‘Yature 211, 839 (1966). (5B) Camm, J. C., Taylor, R. L., Lynch, R., A p p l . Opt. 6, 885 (1967). (6B) Copier, H., van der Maas, J. H., Spectrochzm. Acta 23A, 2699 (1967). (7B) Farmer, IT. C., Spectrochim. Acta 22, 1053 (1966). (8B) Fately, W. G., Witkowski, R. E., Carlson, G. L., A p p l . Spectry. 20, 190 (1966). (9B) Ferraro, J. R., Mitra, S. S., Postmus, C.. Inora. Nucl. Chem. Letters 2. 269 (1966). ” (10B) George, R. S.,A p p l . Spectry. 20, 101 (1966). (11B) Hand, C. K.,Kaufmann, P. Z., Hexter, R. M., A p p l . Opt. 5, 1097 (1966). ’
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(3iBj dtepanek, I., Aiidrasina, J., Rozdobudkova, Chem. Listy 60, 353 (1966). (40B) Llrich, R., Infrared Phys. 7, 37 11967). (41B) Ibid., p. 65. (42B) Wydeven, T., Leban, hI., ANAL. CHEM.39, 1673 (1967). Computer Aided Spectroscopy (1C) Anderson, I). H., Covert, G. L., ANAL.CHERI.39, 1288 (1967). (2C) Armstrong, B. H., J . Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer 7, 61 (1967). (3C) Baker, A. W., Yeaman, hi. D., Spectrochzm. Acta 22, 1773 (1966). (4C) Burrill, A. hl., A p p l . Spectry. 20, 16 (1966). ( 5 C ) Chabaud, A., Fetizon, M., Golfier, RZ.,Bull. SOC.China. France 1966, 252. (6C) Challice, J. S., Clarke, G. M., Spectrochina. Acta 22, 63 (1966). (7C) Crisler, R. O., Britbaker, I. hi., A p p l . Spectry. 21, 126 (1967). (8C) UeTar, U. F., ANAL. CHEM. 38, 1794 (1966). (9C) Eckstrom, H. C., Smith, W.H., J . Opt. SOC.Am. 57, 1132 (1967). (10C) Fraser, R. D. B., Suzuki, E., ANAL. CHEY.38, 1770 (1966).
(11C) Jones, R. N., Venkataraghavan, R., Hopkins, J. W.,Spectrochim. Actu 23A, 925 (1967). (122) Ihid., p. 941. (13C) Lacis, A. A., Matsushima, S., J. Opt. SOC.A m . 56, 1239 (1966). (14C) Peregudov, G. V., Petrash, G. G., in Opt. i Spektropiya, Supplement 2, Molecular Spectroscopy, Consultants Bureau, Xew York, 1966. (15C) Peterson, N. C., Bauman, R. P., Price, I. W.,Rev. Sci. Instr. 37, 1316 (1966). 116C) Pitha. J.. Jones. R. N.. Can. J . Chkni. 44, 9031 (1966f. (17C) Ibid., 45, 2347 (1967). (1%) Pitha, J., Jones, R. N., Can. Spectry. 11, 14 (1966). (19C) Reid, J. C., Wong, E. C., A p p l . Spectry. 20, 320 (1966). (20C) Roseler, A,, Infrared Phys. 6, 111 ~
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(21C) Sall, 0. A,, Opt. i Spektropiya 22, 480 (1967). (2%) Savitzky, A,, “Analytical Sotes,” Perkin-Elmer Co.. Norwalk. Corm. ( 2 3 C ) Shimozawa, J. T., Wilson, M. K., Spectrochim. Acta 22, 1591 (1966). (24C) Zbid., p. 1599. (25C) Stewart, J. E., Infrared Phys. 7, 77 (1967). (26C) Vizesy, M.,Kozmann, G., Kozlem e n 14. 93 119661. (27C) M-blk, M., %J.CJ7iant.Spectry. Radiatzve Z’rarisjer 7, l (1967). Interferometry (111) Bar-Lev, H., Infrared Phys. 7, 93 (1967). (21)) Bell, E. E., Ibid., 6, *57(1966). (311) Coleman, I., Low, M. J. D., Spectrochina. Acta 22, 1293 (1966). (4D) Connes, J., Connes, P., J . Opt. SOC. Am. 56. 896 f 1966). (51)) D&ling,‘J. XZ:, J . Chenz. Phys. 45, 3164 (1966). (61)) Dowling, J. hl., Hall, R. T., J . Opt. Soc. Am. 57, 269 (1967). (713) Forman, hf. I,., Ihid., 56,978 (1966). 181)) Gordon. R. G.. J . Cheni. Phus. 45. 3163 (19661: (911) €fall, It. T., Vrahec, I]., llowling, J. XI., A p p l . Opt. 5 , 1147 (1966). (1011) Heriiandez, G., Ibid., p. 1745. (111)) Low, 31.J. D., A p p l . Opt. 6, 1503 11967). (121)) Low, &J. I.D., Esperzentia 22, 262 (1966). (131)) Low, hf. J. I)., Freeman, S. K., .4K IL. CHE3f. 39, 194 (1967). (141)) Lowenstein, E. V., A p p l . Opt. 5, 845 (1966). (1511) hlnser, J. F., Steffen, H., Kneuhiirhl, F. K., Ibzd., p. 1969. (161)) >loser, J. F., Steffen, H.,Kneubuehl, F. K., J . Opt. SOC.Am. 57, 269 i \ 1067) - I _ . ,.
( 1 7 D ) Perry, C. H., Geick, R., Young, E. F., A p p l . Opt. 5 , 1171 (1966). 1181)) Russell, E. E.. Bell, E. E.. Infrared Phys. 6, 75 (1966). (19D) Russell, E. E., Bell., E. E., J . Opt. Soc. Am. 57, 341 (1967). (201)) Steel, W. H., Forman, hi. L., Zhzd., 55, 982 (1966). (2lD) Suhr, M . T., A p p l . Opt. 5, 880 (1966). (22D) Yoshinaga, H., Fujita, S.,Minami, S., Snemoto, Y., Inoue, M.,Chiba, K., Kakano, K., Yoshida, S., Sugimora, H., Ibad., p. 1159.
Attenuated Total Reflectance (1E) Barr, J. K., ‘Vatwe 215, 844 (1967). (2E) Clifford, A. A., Crawford, B. Jr., J . Phys. Chem. 70, 1536 (1966).
(31C) I)e:iiie, A. Af., Richards, E. W. T., Steplir~ii, I. G., Spcctrochim. Acta 22, 1253 (19GO). (4h:) Fad, C. G., A’atiire 212, 72 (1066). (U) Gilby, A. C., Blirr, J., Jr., Crawford, 13.> Jr., J . Ph!/s. C h i . 70, 1520 (1966). (GI
