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Research Results Service, I&EC 1155 Sixteenth Streel, N. W. Washington, D. C. 20036
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ADDRESS.
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Diffusion in Polymer-Solvent Systems. A Study of Numerical Methods of Simulation. Analog and digital computers are
compared for solution of nonlinear ordinary and partial differential equations, with generalized solutions presented where possible. Methods for simulation of Fickian diffusion can be easily extended to non-Fickian problems and many similar types.
R. F. Riek, T. J. McAuoy, and D . C. Chappelear, University of Massachusetts MS. 67-344 5 9 pages (lQ/igures, 5 tables)
diffusion boundary layer were investigated about the limiting current density and the permselectivity of ionic species of the same sign. Results are explained by equations proposed for the diffusion boundary layer of electrode reaction process.
Ibshikatsu Sata, Reiichi Yamane, and Yukio Mizutani, Tokuyama Soda Company, Ltd., Tokuyama City, Japan 37 pages (76jignres, 4 tables)
Subscribers 84,OO Nonsubscribers 88.00
Optimizing the Conditions for Preparing Sodium Trimetaphosphate. I t was found that the higher the temperature, the longer
the duration of heating, and the thicker the sample of monosodium orthophosphate dihydrate, the better the yield of sodium trimetaphosphate. Purity greater than 99.9% was achieved with a sample 2 . 4 cm. thick, heated for one-half hour at 500' C .
J . D. Lee and A. H. Bond, Loughborough University of Technology, England
Ms. 67-387 7 pages ( 2 tables)
Film Boiling from a Sphere. Presents an analysis which results in a simple expression for the heat transfer coefficient from a sphere to a flowing, saturated liquid.
L. C. Witte, Argonne National Laboratory Ms. 67-396
Subscribers $1.00
7 pages ( 7 j g u r e )
Nonsubscribers $2.00
Subscribers 86.00 Nonsubscribers 872.00
Concentration Polarization Phenomena in Ion Exchange Membrane Electrodialysis. Effects of various factors on the
Ms. 67-362
n
NONSUBSCRIBER
Dynamics and Control of a Batch Reactor.
A practical stability criterion is derived and verified. Control system analysis suggests temperature control by manipulation of reactant feed is preferable to that obtained by manipulation of wall cooling.
Lowell B . Koppel, Argonne National Laboratory M S . 67-397
Subscribers $2.00
79pages (6jigures, 1 table)
Nonsubscribers $4.00
Prediction of Azeotrope Formation Based on Infrared Spectral Data in Binary Solutions Containing Methanol. A correlation is presented, from which a boiling point-infrared shift diagram is
prepared and used to predict the conditions for azeotrope formation in binary methanol solutions a t atmospheric pressure.
Koichiro Nakanishi, Kyoto University, Shogo Ichinose and Hideko Shirai, Shinshu University, Japan
Ms. 67-398
Subscribers $4.00
34pages (djgugures, 7 table)
iVonsubscribers 88.00
Subscribers $1.00 Nonsubscribers $2.00
Region of Noncombustion in Nitrogen-Oxygen and HeliumOxygen Diving Atmospheres, T h e pressure-composition region,
Diffusion in Polymer Solutions. A simple expression relates diffusion coefficient in a polymeric solution to that in the pure solvent. A derived equation is used to predict diffusion coefficients in good agreement with experimental values, and should be useful for engineering purposes.
within which paper and cotton terry cloth do not burn when a spot of material is heated to 1400' F., is given for N - 0 mixtures at pressures from 0.5 to 20 atm. abs. and for H e - 0 mixtures from 0.5 to 42 atm. abs.
S. U. Li and J . L . Gainer, University of Virginia
Gerhard A . Cook, Victor A . Dorr, and Bruce iM. Shields, Union Carbide Corporation
MS. 67-400
Ms. 67-389
38 pages ( 7 j g u r e s , 7 tables)
15 pages (2jigures)
Subscribers $2.00 Nonsubscribers $4.00
Slimes Thickening. An Experimental Study of Continuous Thickening of a Flocculated Silica Slurry. The physical condi-
tioner in the thickener controls the solids flux, and the idea of a unique relationship between flux and concentration appears not to apply to flocculated suspensions. Significance of floc volume fraction and slowly raked settling tests are discussed.
K. J. Scott, National Chemical Research Laboratory, Pretoria, South Africa M s . 67-395 5 7 p a g e s (7Qfigures, 3 tables)
Subscribers $4.00 Nonsubscribers $8.00
Subscribers $6.00 Nonsubscribers 8 7 2.00
Design and operation of feedback and feedforward inventory regulation schemes for a partially controllable system with two interacting manipulated variables is illustrated by a numerical example. Performances of three control schemes are compared. Derivations are given. Automatic PaHial Inventory Control with Interaction.
Douglass J. Wilde, Stanford University
Ms. 67-407
Subscribers $4.00
33pages (djigures, 7 table) VOL. 5 9
Nonsubscribers $8.00 NO. 1 2
DECEMBER 1 9 6 7
117
R E S E A R C H RESULTS Control of Isomer Distribution of Straight Chain Alkylbenzenes.
Part of a study of the chemistry of Friedel-Crafts alkylations, leading to efficient control of the amount of 2-phenylalkane in the product obtained from alkylation of benzene with long chain a-olefins in presence of hydrogen fluoride or aluminum chloride.
Husna R. Alul, ’Wonsunto Company
M S . 67-405
Subscribers $2.00
16pages ( 3 tables)
Nonsubscrtbers $4.00
Starch in Rubber. 1. Zinc Starch Xanthate in latex Masterbatching. Fine particle dispersions of zinc starch xanthate in
rubber were prepared by latex masterbatching. The starch derivative behaved like reinforcing hard resins. Starch xanthate has potential usefulness as a latex coagulation modifier, a rubber reinforcing agent, and a vulcanization accelerator.
R. A. Buchanan, 0. E. Weislogel, C. R. Russell, arid C. E. Rist, A‘orthern Regional Research Laboratory IMS. 67-416 16 pages (4Jigures, 1 table)
Reviews Everett’s generalized Lagrange multiplier method and demonstrates its applicability to the type of problem presented by Roberts, in order to explain systematically the origin of “failures” and present methods for overcoming them. Application of Generalized lagrange Multipliers.
Gary IM. Andrew, University of Minnesota
M s . 67-406
Subscribers $2.00 Nonsubscribers $4.00
7 1 pages (2Jiguress)
Fluid Mechanical Description of Fluidized Beds. II. Stability of the State of Uniform Fluidization. Analysis based on equa-
tions developed in Part I shows that the state of uniform fluidization is unstable against small perturbations in voidage. Growth rate of instabilities is much larger when particles are fluidized by air instead of water.
T . B. Anderson and R. Jackson, C7niversily of Edinburgh, Scotland Subscribers 84.00
M s . 67-408 40 pages (12Jigzires, I fable)
Nonsubscribers $8.00
Deformation and Breakup of liquid Droplets in a Simple Shear Field. T h e theory of Taylor et al., was essentially correct.
employed to provide a discontinuous Markov process model for the transformations involved in comminution circuits. An approximate calculation of a size-density-rime surface is included.
Eric T . Nelson, Pennsjhania State University M s . 67-477 11 pages
Robert W. Coughlin, Lehigh C’nioersity
Ms. 67-479 22 cages ( 1 j g u r e , 7 table)
tions which fail to provide thermodynamically acceptable results; also, numerical integration of the coexistence equation must in all cases proceed in the direction of increasing pressure.
Ms. 67-420
MS.6 7 - 4 1 0
24 pages (7figureS)
Subscribers 84.00
Versatile Computational Concept.
Application to dynamic programming and parameter estimation is discussed in detail, and other promising applications are noted. Many new formulations can be obtained for problems in chemical engineering, with distinct advantages over the old.
E. Stanley Lee, Kansas State Unioersity Ms. 67-41 7 3 3 p a g e s ( I Jigure, 3 tables)
Subscribers $4.00 Nowubscribers 58.00
Continuous Automatic System for Sulfuric Acid Dilution Control. Two circuits are described. The thermoresistor circuit,
with an external power source, results in very simple, exact, reasonably inexpensive equipment. T h e thermocouple circuit improves sensitivity but requires more expensive potentiometric equipment.
Miguel P. Elustondo, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahia Blanca, Argentina Ms. 67-412 10 pages (6Jgures)
Subscribers 51.00 Nonsubscribers $2.00
Subscribers $3.00 Nonsubscribers 36.00
On Integration of the Coexistence Equation for Binary Vaporliquid Equilibrium. There are continuous, analytic P-x rela-
H . C. Van Ness, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Nonsubscribers $8.00
Subscrib rs 32 00 ‘Yonsubscribers $4.00
Absolute Evaporation Rate of Water. The theory and some more recent experimental results are reviewed and examined. Apparent anomalies are considered in light of theory and analogous kinetic and thermodynamic phenomena.
H. J . Karam and J . C. Bellinger, T h e D o w Chemical Company
Invariant Imbedding-A
Subscribers $3.00 Nomu bscribers $6.00
Tungsten Oxide on Silica Catalyst for Phillips’ Triolenn Process.
Describes performance of the catalyst which will disproportionate propylene with 45% equilibrium conversions, and high efficiencies to ethylene and butenes at 600’ F. or higher. So special pretreatments are needed, and the catalyst shou s considerable resistance to common poisons.
L. F. Heckelsberg, R. L. Banks, and G. C. Bailey, Phillii,s Petroleum Company M s . 67-422
8 Pages (6 tables)
Subscribers $1.00 A’onsubrcribers 82.00
Effects of Electrostatic Force, Relative Humidity, Heating Surface Temperature, and Size and Shape on Droplet Evaporation Rate. The most important parameter determining evaporation
rate of a film boiling droplet is the relative humidity, if electrical breakdown is not allowed. A semiempirical correlation for evaporation rate is presented.
D. A$or and W. S. BradJield, State University of ‘Ve’ew York a t Stony Brook Ms. 67-423 38 Pages (14Jigures)
Subscribers $4.00 Armsubscribers 88.00
Synthesis and Properties of Tetrapolyether Elastomers. The high molecular weight gums are essentially linear and amorphous. Carbon black reinforced vulcanizates from these gums have better low temperature properties than those of a commercial epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide based elastomer, but less resistance to hot water and petroleum lubricants.
to permit prediction of vapor composition over thick layers of decomposing aqueous HzOz. Concentrations greater than the known flammability limits can be generated during decomposition of solutions stronger than about 86 weight 70HSOn.
Z. T . Ossefort, R. R. Freeman, and F. B. Testroet, Rock Island Arsenal Research Laboratories
E. S. Shanley and P. F. Strong, Arthur D. Little, Inc.; and N. D . Lee, F M C Corporation
Ms. 6 7 - 4 1 3 18pages ( 6 tables) 118
Discontinuous Markov Process Model for Comminution Circuit Transformations. One of the Kolmogorov-Feller equations is
Further, the internal circulation within a liquid droplet stabilizes the droplet when it is deformed in a shear field. Practical significance of results is discussed in terms of the mechanics of forming suspensions.
31 pages (7figures, 4 tables)
Subscribers $2.00 A’onsubsoibers $4.00
Subscribers 52.00 Nonsubscribers 54.00
INDUSTRIAL A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
Vapor Composition Over Decomposing Hydrogen Peroxide Solutions. A model was developed and experimentally verified
Ms. 67-424 23pages (dfigures, 2 tables)
L. R. Darbee
Subscribers 5.3.00 Nonsubscribers 56.00
Comparison of Techniques for Optimal Control of a Chemical Process. Dynamic programming, the discrete maximum prin-
ciple, and the gradient method were applied in optimizing operation of a continuous stirred tank reactor and a simple rectification system. Digital computer programs are outlined. Peculiarities and means of programming around them are discussed.
Transienl Diffusion of Gases in Porous Glass.
Rate of adsorption of ethane, propane, n-butane, and carbon dioxide can be correlated by a single constant diffusion coefficient, which is approximately 30% lower than that calculated from the permeability of the solid to gas flow.
James 0. Osburn and William Brade, University of Iowa
W. A . Parker and J . W. Prados, Shell Oil Company
Ms. 67-439
Ms. 67-425
23pages (Qjgures, 2 tables)
3 6 pages ( 7 j g u r e s )
Subscribers $4.00 Nonsubscribers $8.00
Time-sharing Experimental Control on a Small Computer.
Describes a computer-sharing technique which allows a number of experimentalists to use a medium sized computer simultaneously in such a way that it appears to each that he is the only user.
Don Secrest, University of Illinois
MS. 67-4213 22 pages (Zjgures)
Subscribers $3.00 Nonsu bscribers $6.00
Series of Tanks with Recycle as a Model for a Nonideal Flow Reactor. Presents a two-parameter model in which one param-
eter is a continuous, the other a discrete function. Equations for residence time distribution and for first-order reaction have been derived. Advantages of the model are described.
Subscribers $3.00
Data show two flow regions. An increase in size of the active portion decreases mass transfer rate in the first, but does not have a significant influence on the second. System studied was cathodic reduction of ferricyanide ion at nickel electrodes.
Mass Transfer Studies at Vibrating Disks.
V. Subramaniyan, G. Bhaskara Rao, M . S. Krishna, and P. Adivarahan, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, India Subscribers $2.00
MS.67-442
Rapid convergence of the recommended optimization technique encourages application to nonlinear optimization and to the solution of simultaneous nonlinear equations and nonlinear curve fitting problems. New Search Technique in Nonlinear Optimization.
Warren H. Huang, Mobil Oil Corporation
Ms. 67-445
Ms. 67-427
7 pages ( 7 table)
75pages ( 3 j g u r e s )
A heuristic attempt to incorporate philosophical principles of thermodynamics into the framework of general relativity and geometrodynamics. New formulations are introduced so as to obtain the closest analogy to the formulations of classical thermodynamics.
Benjamin Gal-Or, University of Pittsburgh
22 pages
Subscribers $ I .00 Nonsubscribers $2.00
Nonsubscribers $4.00
Gravitational Thermodynamic Theory.
MS. 67-429
Nonsubscribers $4.00
2Opages ( d j g u r e s , I table)
Thomas E. Corrigan, Herbert R . Lander, Jr., and Robert Shaefer, Ohio State C’niversity Subscribers 82.00
Nonsubscribers $6.00
Subscribers $3.00 Nonsubscribers $6.00
Viscous Flow through Particle Assemblages at Intermediate Reynolds Numbers. Numerical solutions were obtained for
incompressible, Newtonian flow through sphere assemblages for Reynolds numbers 0 to 1000 and porosity 0.4 to 1.0. Predicted drag coefficients for sphere assemblages showed satisfactory agreement with experimental data for both packed and fluidized beds.
B. P. LeClair and A. E. Hamielec, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada Ms. 67-447
Subscribers $3.00
30 pages ( I l j g u r e s , 7 table) Molecular Basis for the Variation of Diffusion Coefficienl with Composition. Transition-state theory is applied to a combined
interchange and vacancy model of diffusion in binary liquid systems, and results in an expression for variation of binary mutual diffusion coefficient with composition.
Harry T. Cullian, Jr., State University of New York at Buffalo
Ms. 67-437 20 pages ( 3 j g u r e s )
Subscribers $2.00 Nonsubscribers 84.00
Nonsubscribers $6.00
Kinetics of Air Oxidation of Erythritol in Basic Solution in the Presence of Ferric Ion. Glyceric acid, formic acid, and glycolic
acid were the major products found by gas chromatography. After a short initial rapid oxidation, the reaction became first order with respect to both erythritol and total iron. A mechanism is proposed.
Kenneth C. Scott and Frank R. Groves, Jr., Louisiana State University
Ms. 67-450 Particle-to-Fluid Nucleate Boiling Heat Transfer in a Water Fluidized System. Stainless steel balls were heated by radio
frequency induction. Heat flux and saturation temperature difference were correlated using a modified form of Rohsenow’s nucleate boiling equation. Cavitation is postulated as the source of initial nucleation sites.
F. M . Young, Lamar State College, and J . P. Holman, Southern Methodist Lrniuersity
Ms. 67-434 32 pages ( 7 j g u r e s , 7 table)
Subscribers $4.00 Nonsubscribers $8.00
Effect of Mass Transfer on Drop Formation. Size distribution of drops formed by injection of one liquid into another was quantitatively determined as a function of initial rate and direction of mass transfer between phases. Direction of transfer appears to influence nature of jet breakup mechanism significantly.
Subscribers 82.00
78pages (Ijggures, 3 tables)
Nonsubscribers $4.00
An easily constructed and reliable micromixer assures complete mixing of a pulse or sustained injection of a second feed component in the primary feed line of a catalytic reactor. I t can also be used as a micro continuous stirred tank reactor. A Micro-Stirred Reactor and Feed Mixer.
G. W. Boynton, 111,and Howard F. Rase, The University of Texas Ms. 67-452
Subscribers $1.00
4pages ( I jigure, 7 table)
Nonsubscribers $2.00
Optimal linear Control of Distributed Systems.
The optimal controller for a linear distributed system relative to a quadratic error criterion is shown to be a linear feedback-feedforward control system in which the gains may be entirely precomputed.
C. A . Bayens and R. L. Laurence, The Johns Hopkins University
Morton M . Denn, University of Delaware
Ms. 67-437
MS. 67-456
6 pages ( 2 j g u r e s )
Subscribers $1.00 Nonsubscribers $2.00
Subscribers $2.00
20 pages
Nonsubscribers $4.00 VOL. 5 9
NO. 1 2
DECEMBER 1 9 6 7
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