metal-coated spheres in diameters from 0.079 to 2.00 cm. falling with velocities from 0.1 to 200 cm. per second through pure fluids and aqueous suspensions. Similar work related to this problem is quoted by the authors (7, 10, 11, 14, 25, $6). An interesting phenomenon and one of great importance is the demonstration (SO) that organic films placed in the molecular ion beam of a mass spectrometer can cause complete dissociation of the ions into their atomic constituents. According to the authors, “the film which acts as a strong force field a t a discrete point in the beam trajectory, causes uncorrelated forces to act on the constituent atoms of the molecules. The atomic groups comprising the original incident molecule are then analyzed by an electromagnetic and electrostatic lens, both having a Winch radius of curvature. Mass, charge, and energy of each of the atomic groups is easily determined. This technique provides the possibility of achieving
pure atomic spectra in mass spectrometry.” LITERATURE CITED
(1) Beynon, J. H., Clough, S., Williams, A. E., J. sei. 35,164 (1958). (2) Blum, N. A,.’ Rev. Sn’. Instr. 30. . 251 (1959). (3) Closson, H. T., Danielson, W. E., Nielsen, R. J., IbG., 29, 855 (1958). (4) Draper, J. E., Ibad., 29, 179 (1958). (5) Fidleris, V., m t m o r e , R. L., In-
rw.
stitute of Fuel Conference, “Science in the Use of Coal,” Sheffield, April
1958. (6) Fidleris, V., Whitmore, R. L., J. Sci. Instr. 36, 35 (1959). (7) Franklin, P. J., Mech. Eng. 69, 928 (19471. -.
.--
I -
(8) French, C. S., Church, A. B., Annual Report, Carnegie Institution of Washington, p. 162, 1954-5. (9) Jones, R. V., Richards, J. C. S., J.Sn’. Instr. 36,90 (1959). (10) Klassen, V. I., Shchurkin, N. A., Gornya Zhur 4, 44 (1956). (11) Lamson, H. W., Rev. Sci.Znstr. 9, 272 (1938). (12) McWilliam, I. G., J. Sci. Instr. 36, - 5’1 (1959). . (13) Molyneux, L., Zbid., 36, 118 (1959). (14) Moore, L. P., Cuthbertson, A. C.,
I N D . ERG. CHEW, AXAL.ED. 2, 419 (1930). (15) hfullaney, G. J., Rev. Sci. Instr. 29, 87 (1958). (16) Oberley, J. J., Ibid., 24, 125 (1953). (17) Penther, C. J., Noller, G. W., Ibid., 29, 43 (1958). (18) Pillinger, W. L., Jastram, P. S., Daunt, J. G., Ibid., 29, 159 (1958). (19) Porter, G., Woodring, E. R., J. Sci. Inslr. 36, 147 (1959). (20) Schwartz, E., Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) B64,821 (1951). (21) Seehof, J., Smithberg, S., Armstrong, M., Rev. Sci. Instr. 29, 776 (1958). (22) SmiljaniC., G., Rabuzin, T., J. Sci. Instr , in press. (23) Sweet. hl. H.. Electronics 19, 105 ’ (1946). ’ (24) Sweet, M. H., J . Opt. SOC.Am. 37, 432 (1947). (25) Symmes, E. M., Lanta, E. A., ISD. ESG. CHEM.,ANAL.ED. 1, 35 (1929). (26) Thompson, A. M., J. Sei. Instr. 26, 75 (1948). (27) Thulin, A., Ibid., 32,387 (1955). (28) Walsh, A., J. Opt. SOC.Am. 42, 94 (1952). (29) Whalen, W. J., Weddle, O., Rcu. SCZ.Instr. 29, 144 (1958). (30) White, F. A., Rourke, F. M., Sheffield, J. C., Ibid., 29, 182 (1958). (31) Whittlestone. W. G.. J. Sci. Instr. ‘ 36, 8 (1959). ’
Review of Fundamental Developments in Analysis
Ion Exchange Robed Kunin Rohrn & Haas Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
T
BE use of ion exchange techniques throughout the field of analytical chkmistry has become so widespread that considerable selectivity must now be exercised during the preparation of a review of this nature. Little attention has therefore. been drawn to those areas in which ion exchange is being used routinely in chemical analyses. In addition, the areas of the published literature on ion exchange pertaining to general theory and separations not of analytical interest were omitted since these are now well covered annually in
Industrial a d Eagineering Chemistry (Unit Operations Review) and in Rm’ews of Physical Chemistry. The past 2 years have witnessed the standardization of several ion exchange methods and of ion exchange materials suitable for use in analytical operations. For example, instiuments and standardized ion exchange resins are now commercially available for routinely separating a mixture of amino acids by ion exchange chromatography. The field of paper chromatography has been broad-
ened with the recent availability of ion exchange chromatographic paper. There is little doubt that ion exchange techniques are now widely employed throughout the analytical world aa a separation tool. REVIEWS
Of generd interest to the analytical chemist are the books on ion exchange by Kitchener (SA), Kunin (6A), and Salmon and Hale (7A). Kraus has written a chapter in a book edited by Yoe and Koch (4A) reviewing the use of ion exchange and its application to trace analyses. Edge and others (1A) have also reviewed this topic of trace analyses. A more general review of the analytical applications of ion exchange has been written by Kunin @A). Of special interest t o the analytical chemist involved in the use of ion exchange materials will be the chapter written by Fisher and Kunin (2A) on the analysis of ion exchange materials.
INORGANIC SEPARATIONS
Ion exchange has been employed for the analytical separation of practically
all of the inorganic ionic species. Oehlmann and Heimer (74B), Gabrielson ( s e l l ) , and Reichen ( Z B ) have been able to employ such techniques for the analysis of the alkali metals. The alkaline earths and other divalent ions have been analytically separated. Knappe and Bockel (66B) have studied calcium and Power and others (76B) h+ve separated radium and barium. G k h a m (S8B) and Bryant and othen (20B)have developed ion exchange procedures for determining strontium-90. Berg and Truemper (97B) and Kallmann and others (6dB) have separated zinc and cadmium. The snalysis of zirconium by means of an anion exchanger haa been described by KO (67B) and Korkisch and Farag
(69B, COB). Hoshino
(@B) and
Belyavskaya and others (9B, 10B) describe the use of mtion exchangers for the separation of eirconium and hafnium and for the separation of zirconium and VOL. 32, NO. 5, APRk 3960
67 R
tantalum. The separation of tin and lead by m e a of anion exchange has been noted by Dawson and Magee (BOB, 29B). Anion exchange separstions of niobium and tantalum for a m lytical purposes have been described by Al'tshuler and others ( 4 B ) , Hague and Machlan (@B, 41B), Schiifer (83B), and Speecke and Hate (9OB). Other Group V (As, V, etc.) elements have been ion exchange separated by Gurevich and Kalina-Zhikhareva (39B) and Walter (98B). Various analytical separations of the Group VI elements have been described, the more important studies being those of Ryabchikov and Borisova (8OB, 8IB) on rhenium, tungsten, and molybdenum; Bykov and Gorshkova (24B), Iguchi (&B-6B), and Kimuar and others (54B) on selenium and tellurium; and others and Iguchi (47B), &OR (56B), Belyavskaya and Shhobot (IOB), and Weiner and others (IOOB) on chromium. Ion exchange procedures suitable for the separation of the platinum group metals have been developed by Berman and McBryde ( I I B , IBB), Busch and others ( M B ) , h h k s and Beamish (66B),and Pshenitsyn and others (77B). Similar procedures have been developed for gold by Aleskovskii and Kheifets (8B), Fridman and Popova ( S S B ) , Davankov and Laufer (WB),Murase (7OB),and W i and Hibbs (102%). In the analysis of nickel and cobalt solutions, ion exchange hss been employed by Aleskovskii and Kheifets ($E?), Ryabchikov and Borisova ( 8 I B ) , Wilkins (IOIB), Ziegler and Rittner ( I I I B ) , Zelyanskaya and Bausova (109B), and Kreshkov and Saqushkina ( 6 I B ) Considerable activity has been noted in the analysis of iron, aluminum, titanium, and berylliuii-bearing solutions. These include studies by Golovat>+ (36B), Kulcickyj and Svacha (68B), Hibbs and Wilkins ( M B ) , Alimarin and Medvedeva (JB),Bok and Schuler (ISB),and Takedatsu (94B). The more routine use of cation exchange chromatography for the analysis of rare earth mixtures has been advanced by TTolf and RIassone (104BI M B ) , Schumacher and Streiff (85B), Braier (16B), Brunisholz (18B-I9B), and Lavrukhina and others (64B). Of noteworthy interest are the anion exchange studies by Marcus and ?;elson (65B) and Sagle and Murphy (7dB). Ion exchange techniques for the analysis of uranium are of considerable usefulness according to the studies of Banejee and Heyn (6B), Banks and others (7B), Brody and others (17B), Fodor ( J I B ) , Korkisch and others (69B, 6OB), Rlilner and Nunn (68B), Seim and others (89B), and Sporek ( 9 I B ) . These investigations include studies on the analyses of traces as well as macro quantities of uranium.
Ion exchange techniques have become invaluable in the study of the transuranium elements. In fact, the isolation and analysis of the elements 93-102 would be almost impossible Piere it not for these techniques. The recent research in this field has been conveniently reviewed by Seaborg (86B, 8 7 B ) ; Boyd, Keman, Cunningham, and Seaborg ( I 5 B ) ; and Thompson and Mugs (95B). Other studies on these elements include those of Ghiorso and others (35B),Yajima and others (108B), and Cabell (25B). Many studies on the analysis of h i o n products have been published recently in which ion exchange plays a critical role. These include the investigations of Wish (103B), Samsahl (82B), Sugihara and others (92B), JIinami and others (69B). Sunderman and others (93B), Schonfeld and others ( 8 4 B ) , Freiling and others (32B), and Bunney and others (22B). Specific radiochemical ion exchange procedures have been developed by Troitskii (96B), Kapatsinkaya and Syromyatnikov (53B), DeVoe and Meinke (SOB), and Buchanan ( 2 I B ) . The use of boron in nuclear reactor systems and in high energ). fuels has resulted in renewed activity in the analysis of boron and several investigators have developed interesting leads based upon ion eschange. Typical of these are the studies of Callicoat, R'olszon. and Hayes (26B), Jfuto ( Y I B ) , Rolszon and others (IWB), Bovay and Cossy ( I @ ) , and others
UBI. Considerable analytical effort has been expended during the past few years in applying ion exchange to the analysis of the nometallic inorganic anions. Typical are the studies on the analysis of sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate by Water (99B),Seidman (88B). Johannesson (51B), Ionescu and others (@El), Beisova and Kryukov (8B), and Iguchi (44B-46B). Newman (73B), Inarida (48B). and Good and others (97B) have developed ion exchange procedures for the halides and Asada (SI?),Lakomkin ( 6 3 9 , Jameson (50B), Ohashi and Sugatani (75B), and Kolloff (58B) have developed similar procedures for the phosphates. ORGANIC, BIOCHEMICAL,
AND MEDICINAL
Procedures. Ion exchange has become so common an analytical tool in biochemistry and related fields, that only a sketch of the noteworthy developments can be given in this review. Of considerable importance is the accomplishment of Hamilton and his coworkers ( 1 3 0 in developing an automatic ion exchange procedure for analyzing a complex mixture of amino acids. This procedure is based upon the now-classic work of Stein and
,hioore (see previous reviews). Other studies on amino acids have been published by Simmonds ( 3 3 0 , Bidmead and Ley (SC), Schormuller and others ( S I C ) , Ztiarko ( S I C ) , and Van Etten and others (36C). Application of ion exchange principles to the analysis of alkaloids has been studied by Katanabe and Y a m a d 4 ( 9 7 0 , Cwrl and others (SC), Florea and Demetrescu ( I O C ) , and Sayar and others (5'0. Ion exchange has been employed by Howorh ( 1 5 0 and de Giueseppe and Rindi ( 1 2 0 for the analysis of vitamins such as thiamine and nicotinic acid. hlodiiied cellulose and carboxylic resins have been employed for the separation of protein mixtures by Maley and Ochoa ( 2 0 0 , Keller and others ( 1 7 0 , Rhodes and others (300and , Fahey and others ( 9 0 , Similar studies on nucleic acids and related substances have been conducted by Jewel1 and others ( I S C ) , Bendich and others (IC), Reddy and others ( 2 9 0 , Dikstein and others ( 7 0 , and Menke ( 2 3 0 . The w of ion eschange for the analysis of hormones and related compounds has been investigated hy Crawford and Law ( 4 0 , Samba and Matsushima (96'0,Frieden ( 1 1 0 , 'Tilson and others ( 3 8 0 , Hawthorne and Hubscher (I4C), hIcFarren and others (190, Dittmer and others ( 8 0 , Luck and others ( 1 8 0 , and Neyniel and others ( 2 4 0 . Of noteworthy interest is the fact that Creaser and Taussig (6C) and Shainoff and buffer (32c3 have been able to purify and chromatograph viruses on cellulosic anion exchangers. There are several miscellaneous noteworthy developments in this category. Ubatuba and Hallal ( 3 5 0 have been able to determine bound iodine in serum by means of ion exchange. >laruts and hlatubara (2.20 and Chattejee and Mukhejee (30 have determined ash constituents in sugar juices and sirups. Swam and others ( 3 4 0 , Xewburger ( 2 8 0 , and hlunday and Eaves (25C) have made progress in the use of analytical ion exchange techniques in nonaqueous media. NEW ION EXCHANGE MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES
The use of paper chromatography has been broadened by the commercial development of ion exchange chromatographic paper. Roberts and Kolor (18D), Peterson ( I S D ) , Lederer (9D, IOD), Michel and Leifels (ISD),Tuckerman and others @OD), and Sansoni (19D) have developed noteworthy procedures with such materials. Miller (IJD),Kat0 and Kakihana (6D,YD),Ichikawa and others ( 4 D ) , and Murase ( 1 4 0 ) have shown that the sensitivity of many microchemical pro-
cedurea c a n be increased by cam-ing out the colorimetric spot test within the bead structure of nearly colorless and transparent ion exchange resins. New ion exchange structures possessing potentially higher selectivities have been explored by Pennington and Williams (160),Hoeschele and others (30),Kennedy and others ( 8 0 ) , Koermann and others (260), and Basu and Choudhury (ID). Luttinger and Csssidy ( I I D ) have further investigated the properties of electron-exchange polymers. Wilson (210) has reviewed in a thorough literature survey the properties of Molecular Sieves. The quality of ion exchange deionized water for various analytical purposes hss been revieKed by Raleigh (26D), Kitchener (80), and others (8D). ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author x-ishes to acknowledge the sssistance of George Bodamer, Helen Tucker, and the library s t d of the Rohm & Ham Co. Without this mistmce, it would have been impossible to obtain, review, or translate the many articles processed during the past 2 years. LITERATURE CITED
Reviews (1A) Edge, R A., Brooks, R. R., and others, Geochim. et C o m e h i m . A d a 15,337 (1959). (2A) Fisher, S., and Kunin, S., Chap. XVII in,,"Analytical Chemistry of Polymers, vot. 1, Part 1, Interscience, New York, 1959.
Inorganic Separations (1B) Anon., B.I.S.R.A. Methods of Analysis Committee, J. Zrm Steel Znst. (Londa)189, 227 (1958). (2B) Aleskowkii, V. B., Kheifets, Z. I., Trudy Leningrad. Tekhnol. Znst. im. Lmsoveta 35, 120 (1956). (3B) Alimarin, I. P., hidvedeva, A. M., Trudy Moskov. Znst. Tmkoi Khim. Tekhnol. 6 , 3 (1956). (4B)Al'tshuler, 0. V., Subbotina, V. A., Afmss'yeva, PB 141074T-1, 783523/29. (5B) Asads, T., Japan Analyst 6 , 100 (1957). (6B) Banerjee, G., Heyn, A. H. A., ANAL.CHEY.30,1795 (1958). (7B) Banks, C. V., Thompson, J. A., O'Laughlin, W. O., Zbid., 30, 1792 (1958): (8B) Bemva, M. P., Kryukov, P. A., Gidrokhim. M M y 26, 190 (1957). (9B) Belyavskaya, T. A., Alimarin, I. P.,
Kolosova, I. F.. Zhur. A n d . Khim. 13. 668 (1958). (10B) Belyavskaya, T. A., S h b o t , E. P., Metody Analiza Rbdkiwl i T&. M d a l . Sbomik, 59 (1956). (11B) Bennan, S. S., hicBryde, W.A. E., Can.J. Chem. 36 ( 5 ) , 835 (1958). (12B) ZM. 845. (13B) Bok,' D. C., Schuler, V. C. O., J . S . Afriean C h .Znst. 11,1.(1958). (14B) Bovay, E., Cosy, A., Ma.Gebie& L e h . u. Hyg. 48 ,59 (1957). (15B) Boyd, G. E., others, J . Chem. Educ. 36, 2-44 (1959). (16B) Braier, H. A., Proc. hd Zntrm. Conf. Peaceful Usea Atomic Enerpy, Geneva, 28,s (Se t. 1958). (17B) Brody, J. K., Jaris,J. P.,Buchanan, R. F., ANAL.CHEY. 30, 1909,(1958). (18B) Brunisholz., G.., Chimla (Switz.) . 12,' 180 (1958). (19B) Brunisholz, G., H e b . Chim. Ada 40 (6), 2004 (1957). (20B) Brgant, E. A., Ssttizahn, J. E., Warren, B., AN&. CHEW 31,334 (1959). (21B) Buchanan, J. D., J. Znorg. & Nwleor Chem.7,140 (1958). (22B) Bunney, I. R., Ballou, N. E., others, ANAL.C~M. 31,324 (1959). (23B) Busch, D. D., Prospero, J. hf., Naumann, R. A., Ibid., 31, 884 (1959). (24B) Bykov, I. E., Gorshkova, L. S.,
(51B) Johannesson, J. K., N . 2. J. Sci. 1,423(1958). (52B) &harm. S.. othem ANAL. CHEM.
E.
Trudy Znst. MetaUurg. Crd'sk. Fil. A M . Nauk S.S.S.R. ( l ) , 151 (1957). (25B) Cabell, M. J., Can. J . C h . 37, 1094 (1959). (26B) Callicoat, D. L., Wohzon, J. D., Haves. J. R.. ANAL. Cmak 31. 1437 (1939j. (27B) Davankov, A. B., Laufer, V. hi., Zauodskaya Z d . 22,788 (1956). (28B) Dawwn, J., hiagee, R. J., Mikroh i m . Acta 1958,325. (29B) M . ,p. 330. (30B) DeVoe, J. R., Meinke, F. F., ANAL. CHEY.31,1428 (1959). (31B) Fodor, M., Mogyar K h . Folybiret 64,229 (1958). (32B) Freiling, E. C., Psscual, J., Delucchi, A. A., ANAL. CHEY. 31, 330 (1959). (33B) Fridman, I. D., Popova, N. N., Trudy A-awh. Z~sledovatel Gor~nRazved. Znst. Kiginzoloto, 105 (1957). (34B) Gabrielson, G.,A d . Chim. Acta 20.146 f1959l (35B) Ggorso,' A., others, Phys. Rev. Lettezs 1,1821 (1958). (36B) Golovatyi, R. N., Ukrain. Khim. Zhur. 24,379 (1958). (37B) +d, hi. L., Purdy, SI. B., C h . Hoenne. T.. J. Znoza. & iV&r
(38B) d&, E. R., Soil Sci. 88, 11 (1959). (39B) Gurevich. A. B.. Kalina-Zhik. hareva, V. I.; Ukrain..Resp. Prwl. 4, 127 (1956). (40B) Hague, J. L., M a c h , L. A., J . Research h'all. Bur. Slandurds 62, 11 (1959). (41B) Zbid., No. 2, 53 (1959). (42B) ELibbe, L. E., Wilkins, D. H., Tdanta 2,16 (1959). (43B) Hoshino, Y., J . C h . SOC.Japan, Pure Chem. Sed.80, (4), 393 (1959). (44B) Ieuchi. Akira. Bull. Chem. SOC. . Japan31 ,597 (195k). (45B) Ibid., p. 600. (46B) Zbid.. D. 748. ( 4 7 ~ ~guchi, j Akira, Sci. papers C O I L Gen. Educ., Univ. Tokyo 8,145 (1958). (48B) Inanda, M., J. C h .Soc., Japun, Pure C h . Sect. 80,(4) 399 (1959). (49B) Ioneacu, M., Demetmcu, A., Mitran, Ecaterina, Rev. minelor ( B w b rest) 9.473 11958). (50BjJ&&n, R. F., J . C h . SOC. 1959, 752.
. A& 19, 471 (1958). (74B) Oehlmann, F., Heimer, Jf., Chem. Tech. (Berlin) 10, 296 (1958). (75B) Ohashi, S., Sugatani, H., BUU. Chem. Soc. Japan 30,864 (1957). (76B) Power, W. H., others, ANAL. CmM. 31,1077 (1959). (77B) Pshenitsyn, N. K., Gladyshevskaya, K. A., Ryakhova, L. hi., Zhur. A-eorg. Khirn. 2 ( 5 ) , 1057 (1957). (78B) Reichen, L. E., ANAL. CHEX.30, 1948 (1958). (79B) Ryabchikov, E. I.,,Borisova, L. V, (139) Zhur. Anal. Khrm. 13, (2), 153 (1958). (SOB) Zbid., 13 (3), 340 (1958). (81B) Ryabchikov, D. I., Borisova, L. V., Zhur. Anal. Khim. 13.492 (1958). (€ZB) Samsahl, K., A& C h . .Scud. 12 (6), 1292 (1958). ( F B ) Schafer, H., (115) Angero. C h . 7 1 , 153 (1959). (MB) Schonfeld, T., Wald, M., Brund, M., Proc. Bnd Intetn. Conf. Peuceful Uses Atomic Energy, Geneva," 28,. 48 (1958). (85B)Schumacher, E., Streiff, H. J., Heh. Chim. Ada 41,1771 (1958). (86B) Seaborg, G. T., ElldeaYour 18, 5 (1959). (87B) Seaborg, G. T., Mineral C h m . 289 (1958). (88B) 'Seidn;an, E. B., AN&. C ~ M30, . 1680 (1958). (89B) Sei. H. J.. Mor&. R. J.. Pw' t0&0, R.'G., zbia., 31,957 (1959): (90B) Speecke, A., Hoete, J., Mededel. V h m . chem. Ver. 19,190 (1957). VOL 32, NO. 5, APRIL 1960
69 R
f91B) Sporek, K. F., ANAL. CKEM.30, . - - - I
1030 (1958). (92B) Sugihara, T. T., James, H. I., Troianello, E. J., Bowen, V. T., Zb-id., 31,44 (1959). (93B) Sunderman, D. N., Ackermann, I. B., Meinke. W. W., Ibid.,. 31,. 40 (1959j. (94B) Takedatsu, T., N i p p a Kagaku Zasshi 79,586 (1958). (95B) Thompson, S. G., Muga, M. L., Proc. 2nd Intern. Conf. Peaceful Uses Atomic Energy, Geneva, 28, 331 (1958). (96B) Troitsku, V. K., Trudy Kornissii, Anal. Khim.. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 9, 187 (1958).' (97B) Berg, E. W., Truemper, J. T., ANAL.CHEM.30, 1827 (1958). (98B) Walter, R. I., J . Inorg. & Nuclear Chem. 6 , 58 (1958). (99B) Water, A., Mitt. Ver. Grosskesselbesitzer 52, 50 (1958). (100B) Weiner, R., Nay, E., Schiele, C., Metalloberfluche 13,5 (1959). (101B) Wilkins, D. H., Anal. Chim Acta. 20,271 (1959). (102B) Wilkins, D. H., Hibbs, L. E., Zbid., 20,273 (1959). (103B) Wish, L., ANAL.CHEM.31, 326 (1959). (104B) Wolf, L., Chem. Tech. (Berlin) 10,590 (1958). (105B) Wolf, L., Massone, J., J . prakl. Chem. 5, 14 (1957). (106B) Ibid., p. 288. (107B) Wolszon, J. D., Hayes, J. R., Hill, W. H., ANAL. CHEM.29, 829 (1957). (108B) Yajima, S., Shikata, E., Yamaguchi, C., Japan Analyst 7, 721 (1958). (109B) Zel anskaya, A. I., Bausova, N. V., &vest. Vostoch. Filialov A M . Nauk. S.S.S.R. 7, 51 (1957). 10B) Zelyanskaya, A. I., Bykov, I. E., Gorshkova, L. S., Trudy Inst. Met. Ural. Filial- Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 1, 151 (1957). 11B) Ziegler, M., Rittner, W., 2.anal. Chem. 165, (3), 197 (1959). Organic, Biochemical, and Medicinal Procedures (1C) Bendich, A., Pahl, H. B., Korngold, G. C., Rosenkranz, H. S., Fresco, J. R., J. Am. Chem. SOC.80,3949 (1958). (2C) Bidmead, D. S., Ley, F. J., Biochim. el Biophys. Acta 29,562 (1958). (3C) Chatterjee, A. K., Mukherjee, S., Proc. Sugar Technologists' Assoc. India, Part I, 87 (1957). (4C) Crawford, T. B. B., Law, W., J. P h a n . and Pharmawl. 10, 179 (1958). (5C) Creaser, E. E, Taussig, A., Virology 4,200 (1957).
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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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New Ion Exchange Materials and Procedures (1D) Basu, D. K., Choudhury, P. I
