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Setti of the University of Chicago has been able to focus a liquid metal ion source to 200 À. By rastering this beam over the region of interest and by counting the sputtered ions, he has obtained element maps with 200-À spatial resolution. A picture from his microscope is shown in Figure 3. With all of the above developments, it appears that microscopy in the future will become an important new aspect for surface science research. Catalytic materials Much of the current stimulation for new research arises from industrial demand for information. In catalysis, of course, there is a need for more efficient and selective chemical synthesis of complex molecules from simple ones associated with the basic natural resources found on Earth. The spectroscopic methods are providing us with a molecular view of surface reactions that may one day provide a set of predictive rules that are as advanced as those available to chemists working in bulk phases. This is the intent of the research program of Peter Stair of Northwestern, who is developing a Lewis acid-base model of reactivity. Using molybdenum as a model surface, he has measured the desorption energies of a number of adsorbate atoms and molecules and correlated these numbers with available data from gas phase measurements such as proton affinities. John Gland from Exxon has focused on the carbon-sulfur bond using HREELS and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). With this combination of methods, he has found that the composition and structure of reaction products can often be effectively identified. For example, he showed that methanethiol forms thiomethoxy and thioformaldehyde surface species with novel tilted surface bonds. Another important goal in catalysis research is to obtain a surface analysis of a catalyst exposed to a nonvacuum environment. Fred Wagner of General Motors reported on efforts to study the surfaces of immersed electrodes using LEED and Auger spectroscopy. Of particular interest is the search for correlations between the structure of single-crystal electrodes and electrocatalytic behavior. Some remarkable effects were reported for various P t surfaces used to search for conditions where oxygen can be reduced reversibly.
Electronic materials In the electronics industry, the surface properties of electronic materials are becoming more important as de-
