Literature of Soaps and Synthetic Detergents - Advances in Chemistry

12 Literature of Soaps and Synthetic Detergents

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ELSE L. SCHULZE 4008 F l o r a l Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio 45212

Written

late in 1966,

soaps, surfactants, Some discussion

of specific

raphy of 300 items. discussed, information

this paper

and synthetic

includes services,

cations, conference

publications

The literature books,

records

literature

up to that

precedes

a

listed, and to some

periodicals,

patent publications, proceedings,

the

detergents

abstracts,

on time.

bibliogdegree indexes,

association

publi-

and a few selected

articles.

S

oap has been used as a cleansing agent since the second century A . D . W e were w e l l into the present century before m u c h attention was directed to the cleansing properties of the surfactants and the detergent combinations prepared from them. Once launched, however, the new cleaning preparations gained rapidly i n favor. B y 1953 annual detergent sales i n the U n i t e d States had surpassed those of soap. Since the principal use of both soaps and synthetic detergents is for cleansing, these materials, though dissimilar i n composition, are usually discussed together. E a r l y sources of information on cleansing agents, of course, deal primarily w i t h soaps. Current sources generally serve for soap as w e l l as detergents. The literature treated here w i l l include books, periodicals, abstracts, indexes, information services, patent publications, association publications, proceedings of international conferences, and a few selected articles from periodicals. Some discussion of particular publications i n most of these categories precedes the more comprehensive listings i n the bibliography at the end of this discussion. Books T h e book section of the bibliography is far from complete. It is intended, however, to include the titles most commonly or most usefully consulted i n the field. M a n y of the works selected are out of print, but they can be found i n large libraries. 231 In Literature of Chemical Technology; Smith, J.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1968.

232

LITERATURE

OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY


Good, modern books on soap are scarce. In the early literature, however, there are books, such as those by Lewkowitsch, L a m b o r n , and Ellis, w h i c h may be considered classics today. These are listed under History and Background and are usually consulted currently only when a date must be established for an early process or when an illustration of an old piece of equipment is wanted. U n d e r the same heading the treatises by M e r k l e n and by Lawrence merit special notice as background publications. Later soap books of perhaps special value are those by Hefter-Schonfeld, Ubbelohde-Heller, Thomssen and M c C u t c h e o n , and Davidsohn. Moreover, a number of books on colloids and surface chemistry, such as those b y M c B a i n , Alexander, and Osipow, are of great interest to soap chemists. Some of the best modern information on soap is found i n the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia, i n Encyclopaedia Britannica, and i n appropriate sections of the books by Bailey, D i x o n and Fisher, and Shreve. Both Elliott and Braun contain good reviews on metallic soaps. Useful books concerned w i t h synthetic detergents are those b y Stupel, Schwartz et al., L i n d n e r , M c C u t c h e o n , Shinoda, Moilliet et al, Schonfeldt, and Gawalek. G o o d accounts also appear i n the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia. F i n a l l y the book list records a group of titles on related topics, such as raw materials, by-products, and other miscellaneous matter of interest to soap and detergent chemists. T h e works by Gilbert, Topchiev, V a n Wazer, and M i n e r and D a l t o n are possibly of special interest. Also included are books on sequestering agents. Such compounds are important i n the study of detergent builders. Dictionaries,

Glossaries,

Handbooks

Attention is drawn to the Detergents and Emulsifters Annual, listing detergents by tradenames w i t h information on each. M c C u t c h e o n s card service, "Synthetic Detergents F i l e , " supplies similar information at shorter intervals. The volumes by Zimmerman and L a v i n e , the dictionary b y Rose and Rose, and the Technical Manuals of the A A T C C also are means of locating surfactants and detergents by tradename. The works by Rompp and by Sisley are especially helpful for finding foreign products by tradename.

Analysis,

Testing,

and

Standards

F o r the analytical chemist working w i t h soaps and detergents useful guides are the annually revised loose-leaf collection of the American O i l C h e m ists' Society, the A S T M Standards, the English translation of H u m m e l , and the volume by Rosen and Goldsmith. K i r k and Stupel report studies on the action of soaps and detergents on the skin (listed i n the book section). The U . S . General Services Administration and the U . S . Department of Defense are sources of most of the specifications formulated for soaps and detergents.

In Literature of Chemical Technology; Smith, J.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1968.

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233

Periodicals


T h e listing of periodicals i n the bibliography has, w i t h few exceptions, been limited to those dealing specifically w i t h the subject under consideration. M a n y other periodicals i n the fields of the various branches of chemistry, as well as i n the fields of bacteriology, biology, chemical engineering, home economics, laundering, medicine (especially dermatology and toxicology), packaging, and water pollution, are also of continuing interest to the chemist working w i t h soaps and detergents. Such publications are just too numerous to list. Chemical and Engineering News, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, and Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter have been included because of their importance i n supplying general, industrial, and price information, respectively. I n addition to those periodicals obviously pertinent b y title, as Detergent Age and Soap and Chemical Specialties, a few periodicals giving good coverage should be noted. These are Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel, Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, and Tenside. One journal w i t h an especially pertinent title has been omitted i n the listing. It is the Journal of Detergents, published briefly and irregularly i n the past by L . and J . Zakarias i n Bristol, E n g l a n d . Copies have been difficult to obtain. 9

Abstracts,

Indexes, and Information

Services

Most of the major abstracting and indexing publications i n science, technology, and business are useful at one time or another i n searching for information on soaps and detergents. F o r this reason the listing of these publications i n the bibliography has been generous. E v e n so, additional titles could w e l l have been included. The Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information ( U . S . Department of Commerce) is the supplier of numerous P B , A D , and other reports w i t h applications i n the soap and detergent field. Lists of these reports are available from this agency. Abstracts of the reports appear i n U.S. Government Research and Development Reports. T h e Clearinghouse's Government-Wide Index also provides means for locating pertinent reports. Another Clearinghouse publication worthy of special mention is Technical Translations. Originated by the Special Libraries Association, it was a semimonthly record of translations, contributed by workers i n science and industry. In 1967 it ceased publication and was superseded by Translations RegisterIndex. A s a general listing of publications, the Monthly Catalog of U.S. Government Documents is occasionally fruitful i n producing titles of documents relevant to soaps and detergents. I n addition, useful bulletins on laundering and cleaning can be requested from the U . S . Department of Agriculture, Office of Information, and from some of the related State Experiment Stations. Special attention should be directed to Chemical Abstracts, section 46 (Surface-Active Agents and Detergents) since 1967. F r o m 1963-66 such abstracts appeared i n section 53, i n 1962 i n section 42, and earlier i n section 27.


234

LITERATURE

OF CHEMICAL

TECHNOLOGY


Also worthy of note is the Annual Review of the Literature on Fats, Oils, and Detergents, appearing each year i n the Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, as well as the monthly abstract section i n that journal. T h e Reports on the Progress of Applied Chemistry include good annual reviews on soaps and detergents. F o r quick location of quite current information, Chemical Titles, Applied Science and Technology Index, Business Periodicals Index, and Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature are useful. Patent

Publications

The patent literature of soaps, surfactants, and detergents is extensive. T h e official patent journals of various countries are the basic sources of information on patents. Since titles and publishers of these official publications are recorded i n the front section of the 1961 " L i s t of Periodicals" abstracted by Chemical Abstracts, the journals were not entered i n the listing of patent publications here. The one exception is the Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent Office, w h i c h deserves special mention. Descriptions of patents on soaps, detergents, and related topics i n the Official Gazette fall largely i n various subclasses of Class 252 (Compositions), Class 260 (Chemistry, Carbon Compounds), and Class 8 (Bleaching and D y e i n g , etc.). It should be noted, however, that patents on these subjects may also be found i n other classifications, depending on subject emphasis. In addition to the official journals, there are a number of secondary sources of patent information available. F o r instance, some of the usual abstracting and indexing publications already mentioned include patents i n the fields they cover. Other special compilations and services are described below. T h e Uniterm Index to Chemical Patents is useful for its modern-type subject index to U . S . patents i n the field of chemistry. Publication has been continuous since 1950, and the years 1946-1949 are covered by an expanded title index. T h e lengthy titles of the large compilations by Interdex Corp., and by Rowman and Littlefield are sufficiently descriptive of their usefulness to the patent searcher. F o r certain foreign patents the Derwent services provide helpful currentawareness tools and search aids. Moser-Verlag, of Garmisch-Partenkirchen i n West Germany, has issued a number of reviews of patents on subjects relating to soaps and detergents. Examples of these are the compilations by Manneck. F i n a l l y the books by Mollering et al. and Miiller et al. are well-indexed sources of abstracts of earlier U . S . and foreign patents. T h e treatises b y Weber and Martina and by U h l e i n , listed under Books, should also be noted here as sources of patent abstracts. Economics

and

Statistics

Useful information on soaps and detergents is found i n publications issued by various governments and states. The Bureau of the Census of the U . S .


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Detergents

235

Department of Commerce, the U . S . Department of Agriculture, and the U . S . Tariff Commission supply much of the statistical information on these products and their raw materials. A report series of interest from a foreign government is that issued periodically by the British Ministry of Housing and L o c a l G o v ernment on the problem of detergents i n water pollution.


Association

Publications

Domestic associations concerned i n part or entirely w i t h the field of soap and detergents are, i n alphabetical order, the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists ( A A T C C ) , the American Chemical Society ( A C S ) , the American Institute of Chemical Engineers ( A I C h E ) , the American O i l Chemists' Society ( A O C S ) , the American Society for Testing and Materials ( A S T M ) , the American Standards Association ( A S A ) , the Association of Official Analytical Chemists ( A O A C ) , the Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association ( C S M A ) , the Manufacturing Chemists' Association ( M C A ) , and the Soap and Detergent Association ( S D A ) . Appropriate publications of these organizations are listed i n the bibliography by their titles under suitable headings. T h e annual Technical Manuals of A A T C C were mentioned previously for their useful alphabetical lists of tradenames of surfactants w i t h accompanying names of manufacturers. I n addition, the manuals contain other helpful information, such as description of methods of evaluating wetting agents and description of washing tests. T h e many journals and other publications of the A C S carry m u c h information for workers i n soaps and detergents. Attention here is called only to the annual "Facts and Figures" issue of Chemical and Engineering News, w h i c h includes statistics of the soap and detergent industry. A m o n g numerous useful publications of the A I C h E , the monograph by Marshall on spray drying is of particular interest (listed under Books). A l l A O C S publications are excellent sources of information on soaps and detergents, particularly the "Official and Tentative Methods," the Annual Review of the Literature of Fats, Oils, and Detergents, and the Journal. T o these must be added the annual Lectures of the Short Course, usually published i n the Journal of AOCS, as w e l l as i n reprint form. The lectures are reviews of particular areas of oil, fat, soap, and detergent chemistry. Both A S T M and A S A supply standards on soaps. I n Part 22 of the annual Standards, A S T M also publishes methods for testing soaps and detergents and provides a good set of current definitions of terms used i n the soap and detergent industry. In both its Journal and its book on "Official Methods of Analysis," the A O A C contributes considerably to the analytical chemistry of oils and fats. T h e published proceedings of the mid-year and annual meetings of the C S M A include many articles of interest to soap and detergent chemists. Papers i n the Detergent and Cleaning Compounds Division are particularly important. C S M A also provides its members w i t h occasional booklets and bulletins.


236

LITERATURE



The " C h e m i c a l Safety D a t a Sheets" of M C A discuss hazards and proper methods of handling of some of the raw materials used i n the manufacture of soaps and detergents. S D A compiles statistics of the industry, releases papers delivered at annual meetings, and supplies members w i t h miscellaneous literature. Especially useful as current-awareness tools are the Periodical and Literature Digest for Soap and Detergent Executives and the alternately appearing Technical and Materials News Supplement. These bulletins summarize current literature of interest to the particular readers served. Selected

Articles

The scope of this paper could have been profitably enlarged to include references to many important individual articles i n the periodical literature. T i m e and space do not permit the addition of more than a few examples of such articles. Those recorded i n the Bibliography may be regarded as l a n d marks i n the progress of the soap and detergent field.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Books

History and Background Dussauce, H., "A General Treatise on the Manufacture of Soap," Henry Carey Baird, Philadelphia, 1869. Ellis, C., "Hydrogenation of Organic Substances including Fats and Fuels," 3rd ed., D. Van Nostrand, Princeton, N. J., 1930 (includes information on soapmaking). Gathmann, H., "American Soaps—A Complete Treatise on the Manufacture of Soap with Special Reference to American Conditions and Practice," 2nd ed., Gathmann, New York, 1899. Hardin, S. T., "The Colgate Story," Vantage Press, New York, 1959. Lamborn, L. L., "Modern Soaps, Candles and Glycerin," 3rd ed., D. Van Nostrand, Princeton, N. J., 1918. Lawrence, A. S. C., "Soap Films—A Study of Molecular Individuality," G. Bell, London, England, 1929. Lewkowitsch, J., "Chemical Technology and Analysis of Oils, Fats, and Waxes," 6th ed., 3 vols. (Vol. 3 on soap), The MacMillan Co., London, 1921, 1922, 1923. Lief, A., " 'It Floats'—The Story of Procter & Gamble," Rinehart, New York, 1958. Löffl, K., "Technologie der Seifenfabrikation," Enke, Stuttgart, Germany, 1928. Merklen, F., "Die Kernseifen, ihre Zusammensetzung und Fabrikation vom Standpunkte der physikalischen Chemie," Knapp, Halle, Germany, 1907. Mitchell, R. W., "Castile Soap," Mitchell, Boston, 1927. Schrauth, W., "Handbuch der Seifenfabrikation," 6th ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 1927. Stanislaus, I. V. S., Meerbott, P. B., "American Soap Maker's Guide," Henry Carey Baird, New York, 1928. Webb, E. T., "Soap and Glycerine Manufacture," Davis Bros., London, 1927. Wilson, C., "History of Unilever—A Study in Economic Growth and Social Change," 2 vols., Cassell & Co., London, 1954. Preparation, Properties, Uses Agster, A., "Heermann/Agster Färberei und textilchemische Untersuchungen," 9th ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 1956. Bailey, A. E., ed., "Industrial Oil and Fat Products," 3rd ed. ed. by D. Swern, Interscience Publishers, New York, 1964. Bergeron, J., "Savons et Detergents," Librarie Armand Colin, Paris, 1954.



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Boner, C. J., "Manufacture and Application of Lubricating Greases," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1954. Braun, H . J., "Die Metallseifen," Spamer, Leipzig, Germany, 1932. Chwala, A., "Textilhilfsmittel—Ihre Chemie, Kolloidchemie und Anwendung," Springer-Verlag, Vienna, Austria, 1939. Clayton, W., "Clayton's The Theory of Emulsions and Their Technical Treatment," 5th ed. by C. G. Sumner, Churchill, London, 1954. Davidsohn, J . , Better, E . J., Davidsohn, A., "Soap Manufacture," Vol. 1, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1953. Diserens, L . , "Neueste Fortschritte und Verfahren in der chemischen Technologie der Textilfasern," Part 1 (2 vols.), Part 2 (4 vols.), Verlag Birkhauser, Basel, Switzerland, 1948-1965. Dixon, W . T., Fisher, A . W., eds., "Chemical Engineering in Industry," Chapter 14 on "Chemical Engineering Advances in the O i l , Fat, Soap, and Detergent Industry," American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 1958. Doss, M . P., "Properties of the Principal Fats, Fatty Oils, Waxes, Fatty Acids and Their Salts," Texas Co., New York, 1952. Elliott, S. B., "The Alkaline-Earth and Heavy-Metal Soaps," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1946. "Encyclopaedia Britannica," Vol. 20, pp. 856B-860, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., Chicago, 1964. Fishbein, M . , ed., "Medical Uses of Soap," J . B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, 1945. Frotscher, H . et al., "Chemische Hilfsmittel und ihr praktischer Einsatz in der Wasseraufbereitung und Textilveredlung," V E B Verlag Technik, Berlin, Germany, 1954. Gawalek, G., "Wasch-und Netzmittel," Akademie Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 1962. Great Britain, Dept. of Scientific and Industrial Research, "Effect of Surface-Active Medium on the Deformation of Metals," Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1958. Gunstone, F. D., " A n Introduction to the Chemistry of Fats and Fatty Acids," John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1958. Hefter, G., "Seifen und Seifenartige Stoffe (Vol. 4 of "Chemie und Technologie der Fette und Fettprodukte"), 2nd ed. revised by H . Schönfeld, Springer-Verlag, Vienna, Austria, 1939. Hempel, T. et al., "Die Seife und Ihre Herstellung," Ziolkowsky, Augsburg, Germany, 1952. Janistyn, H . , "Riechstoffe, Seifen, Kosmetika," 2 vols., Hüthig, Heidelberg, Germany, 1950. Kirk, J . E., "Hand Washing—Quantitative Studies on Skin Lipid Removal by Soaps and Detergents Based on 1500 Experiments," (Vol. 46, Suppl. 57 of Acta DermatoVenereologica), Hakan Ohlssons Boktryckeri, Lund, Sweden, 1966. Kirk, R. E . , Othmer, D . F., eds., "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology," 1st ed., Vol. 12, pp. 573-598, "Soap." Vol. 13, pp. 513-536, "Surface-Active Agents," 2nd ed., "Detergency," Vol. 6, pp. 853-895, Interscience Publishers, New York, 1954, 1957, 1960, 1965. Kirschenbauer, H . G., "Fats and Oils—An Outline of Their Chemistry and Technology," 2nd ed., Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1960. Krings, R., "Neuzeitliche Seifen und seifenhaltige Waschmittel," 2nd ed., Voight, Leipzig, Germany, 1939. Lawrence, C. A., "Surface-Active Quaternary Ammonium Germicides," Academic Press, New York, 1950. Levitt, B., "Oils, Detergents, Maintenance Specialties," 2 vols. Chemical Rubber Co., Cleveland, Ohio, 1966. Liebman, H . , ed., "Münchner Beiträge zur Abwasser-, Fischerei-, und Flussbiologie," Vol. 9, "Ole und Detergentien im Wasser und Abwasser," Vlg. R. Oldenbourg, Munich, Germany, 1962. Lindner, K., "Tenside-Textilhilfsmittel-Waschrohstoffe," 2nd ed., 2 vols., Wissenschaftliche Verlagsges, Stuttgart, Germany, 1964. Lüttgen, C., "Organische und anorganische Wasch-, Bleich-, und Reinigungsmittel," Strassenbau Chemie und Technik Verlagsges, Heidelberg, Germany, 1952. Markley, K. S., ed., "Fatty Acids—Their Chemistry, Properties, Production, and Uses," 2nd ed., 4 parts, Interscience Publishers, New York, 1960, 1961, 1964, 1967. Marshall, W . R. Jr., "Atomization and Spray Drying," American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York (Chemical Engineering Progress Monograph Series, Vol. 50, No. 2, 1954).



238

LITERATURE


Martin, G., "The Modern Soap and Detergent Industry," 3rd ed. by E. I. Cooke, 2 vols., Technical Press, London, 1950, 1951. McCutcheon, J. W., "Synthetic Detergents," MacNair-Dorland, New York, 1950. Moilliet, J. L., Collie, B., Black, W., "Surface Activity—The Physical Chemistry, Technical Applications, and Chemical Constitution of Synthetic Surface-Active Agents," 2nd ed., D. Van Nostrand, Princeton, N. J., 1961. Pattison, E. S., ed., "Industrial Fatty Acids and Their Applications," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1959. Poucher, W. A., "Perfumes, Cosmetics and Soaps" Vol. 1 "Dictionary of Raw Materials," 6th ed., 1959. Vol. 2 "Production, Manufacture, and Applications of Perfumes of all Types," 7th ed., 1959, Vol. 3 "Treatise on Cosmetics," 7th ed., 1960, D. Van Nostrand, Princeton, N. J. Price, D., "Detergents—What They Are and What They Do," Chemical Publishing Co., New York, 1952. Ralston, A. W., "Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives," John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1948. Rebinder, P. A., ed., "The Use of Surfactants in the Petroleum Industry," Consultants Bureau Enterprises, New York, 1965. Schick, M. J., "Nonionic Surfactants," Vol. 1, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1966. Schönfeldt, N., "Oberflächenaktive Anlagerungsprodukte des Äthylenoxyds: ihre Herstellung, Eigenschaften und Anwendung," Wissenschaftliche Verlagsges, Stuttgart, Germany, 1959. Schwartz, A. M., Perry, J. W., Berch, J., "Surface Active Agents," 2 vols., Interscience Publishers, New York, 1949, 1958. Schwitzer, M . K., "Continuous Processing of Fats," Chap. 8, "Soap," Leonard Hill, London, 1951. Shreve, R. N., "The Chemical Process Industries," 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1967. Sittig, M., "Linear Alpha Olefins and Biodegradable Detergents, 1965," Noyes Press, Pearl River, N. Y., 1965. Speel, H. C., Schwarz, E. W. K., eds., "Textile Chemicals and Auxiliaries," 2nd ed., Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1957. Spring, S., "Metal Cleaning," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1963. Stupel, H., "Synthetische Wasch-und Reinigungsmittel," Konradin-Verlag Robert Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, Germany, 1954. Stupel, H., Szakall, A., "Die Wirkung von Waschmitteln auf die Haut," Hiithig, Heidelberg, Germany, 1957. Thomssen, E. G., McCutcheon, J. W., "Soaps and Detergents," MacNair-Dorland, New York, 1949. Ubbelohde, L., "Chemie und Technologie der Seifen und Waschmittel" (Vol. 3., Part 2 of "Ubbelohde's Handbuch der Chemie und Technologie der Ole und Fette"), 2nd ed., ed. by H. Heller, Hirzel, Leipzig, Germany, 1930. Weber, F., Martina, A., "Die neuzeitlichen Textilveredlungsverfahren der Kunstfasern —Die Patentliteratur und das Schrifttum von 1939-1949/50," Springer, Vienna, Austria, 1951. Wigner, J. W., "Soap Manufacture," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1940. Young, C. B. F., Coons, K. W., "Surface Active Agents—Theoretical Aspects and Applications," Chemical Publishing Co., New York, 1945. Zilske, H., "Die Herstellung der Schmierseifen undflüssingenSeifen unter Berücksichtigung der verschiedensten Verwendungsgebiete," Ziolkowsky, Ausburg, Germany, 1952. Surface Chemistry, Detergency Adam, N. K., "The Physics and Chemistry of Surfaces," 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, New York, 1941. Adamson, A. W., "Physical Chemistry of Surfaces," Interscience Publishers, New York, 1960. Alexander, J., ed., "Colloid Chemistry, Theoretical and Applied," 7 vols., Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1926-1950. American Chemical Society, "Chemistry and Physics of Interfaces," Washington, D. C., 1965.



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Bikerman, J. J. et al., "Foams: Theory and Industrial Applications," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1953. Bikerman, J. J., "Surface Chemistry—Theory and Applications," 2nd ed., Academic Press, New York, 1958. Boys, C. V., "Soap Bubbles and the Forces which Mould Them," Doubleday & Co., Garden City, N. Y., 1959. British Launderers' Research Association, "Laundry Chemistry," London, 1955. British Section of the International Society of Leather Trades' Chemists, "Wetting and Detergency—Scientific and Technical Aspects," Harvey, London, 1937. Cohen, H., Linton, G. E., "Chemistry and Textiles for the Laundry Industry," Textile Book Publishers, New York, 1961. Danielli, J. F., Pankhurst, K. G. A., Riddiford, A. C., eds., "Recent Progress in Surface Science," 2 vols., Academic Press, New York, 1964. Davies, J. T., Rideal, E. K., "Interfacial Phenomena," 2nd ed., Academic Press, New York, 1963. Deryagin, B. V., ed., "Research in Surface Forces," 2 vols., Consultants Bureau Enterprises, New York, 1963, 1966. Durham, K., ed., "Surface Activity and Detergency," The MacMillan Co., London, 1961. Ekwall, P., Groth, K., Runnström-Reio, V., eds., "Surface Chemistry" (Proceedings of the Second Scandinavian Symposium on Surface Activity, Stockholm, Sweden, November 18-19, 1964, sponsored by the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences), Academic Press, New York, 1965. Elworthy, P. H. et al., "Solubilization by Surface-Active Agents," Barnes & Noble, New York, 1968. Fischer, E. K., "Colloidal Dispersions," John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1950. Harkins, W. D., "The Physical Chemistry of Surface Films," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1952. Hartley, G. S., "Aqueous Solutions of Paraffin Chain Salts—A Study of Micelle Formation," Hermann & Cie, Paris, 1935. Kipling, J. J., "Adsorption from Solutions of Non-Electrolytes," Academic Press, New York, 1965. Kirk, R. E., Othmer, D. F., "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology," 2nd ed., ed. by A. Standen, Vol. 6, pp. 853-895, "Detergency," Interscience Publishers, New York, 1965. Kruyt, H. R., ed., "Colloid Science," 2 vols., Elsevier Publishing Co., New York, 1952, 1949. La Mer, V. K., ed., "Retardation of Evaporation by Monolayers: Transport Processes," Academic Press, New York, 1962. Lederer, E. L., "Kolloidchemie der Seifen," Steinkopff, Dresden, Germany, 1932. Manegold, E., "Allgemeine und Angewandte Kolloidkunde," 2 vols., Strassenbau Chemie und Technik Verlagsges, Heidelberg, Germany, 1956. Manegold, E., "Kapillarsysteme," 2 vols., Strassenbau Chemie und Technik Verlagsges, Heidelberg, Germany, 1955, 1960. Manegold, E., "Schaum," Strassenbau Chemie und Technik Verlagsges, Heidelberg, Germany, 1953. McBain, J. W., "Colloid Science," D. C. Heath & Co., Boston, 1950. McBain, M. E. L., Hutchinson, E., "Solubilization and Related Phenomena," Academic Press, New York, 1955. McGowan, E. B., "Comparative Study of Detergents," Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, 1930. Mysels, K. J., "Introduction to Colloid Chemistry," Interscience Publishers, New York, 1959. Mysels, K. J., Shinoda, K., Frankel, S., "Soap Films—Studies of Their Thinning and a Bibliography," Pergamon Press, Long Island City, N. Y., 1959. Neugebauer, C. A., Newkirk, J. B., Vermilyea, D. A., eds., "Structure and Properties of Thin Films," John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1959. Niven, W. W., Jr., "Fundamentals of Detergency," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1950. Niven, W. W., Tr., "Industrial Detergency," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1955. Osipow, L. I., "Surface Chemistry, Theory, and Industrial Applications," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1962.


240

LITERATURE

OF C H E M I C A L TECHNOLOGY


Perdue, G. R., "The Technology of Washing," 2nd ed., British Launderers' Research Association, London, 1961. Shinoda, K. et al., "Colloidal Surfactants: Some Physicochemical Properties," Academic Press, New York, 1963. Stephens, D. W., "Gas/Liquid and Liquid/Liquid Interfaces—A Bibliography," Crosfield, Warrington, England, 1962. Valko, E., "Kolloidchemie Grundlagen der Textilveredlung," Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1937. Verwey, E. J. W., Overbeek, J. T. G., "Theory of the Stability of Lyophobic Colloids," Elsevier Publishing Co., New York, 1948. Winsor, P. A., "Solvent Properties of Amphiphilic Compounds," Butterworth & Co., London, 1954. Raw Materials, By-Products, and Miscellaneous Ansinger, F., "Paraffins," Pergamon Press, New York, 1967. Astle, M. J., "The Chemistry of Petrochemicals," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1956. Astle, M. J., "Industrial Organic Nitrogen Compounds," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1961. Bailey, A. E., ed., "Melting and Solidification of Fats and Fatty Acids," Interscience Publishers, New York, 1950. "Better Rendering," 2nd ed., Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, 1966. Chaberek, S., Martell, A. E., "Organic Sequestering Agents," John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1959. Chemische Werke Hüls AG, "Detergent Raw Materials," Hüls, Marl, Germany, 1963. Dwyer, F. P., Mellor, D. P., eds., "Chelating Agents and Metal Chelates," Academic Press, New York, 1964. Eckey, E. W., "Vegetable Fats and Oils," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1954. Finch, W. E., "Disinfectants—Their Values and Uses," Chapman & Hall, London, England, 1958. Gilbert, E. E., "Sulfonation and Related Processes," Interscience Publishers, New York, 1965. Guenther, E., "The Essential Oils," 6 vols., D. Van Nostrand, Princeton, N. J., 1948-52. Hatch, L. F., "Higher Oxo Alcohols," John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1957. Hilditch, T. P., Williams, P. N., "The Chemical Constitution of Natural Fats," 4th ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1964. Hou, T., "Manufacture of Soda with Special Reference to the Ammonia Process," 2nd ed., Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1942. Jellinek, P., "The Practice of Modern Perfumery," transl. and rev. by A. J. Krajkeman, Leonard Hill, London, 1954. Kaufmann, D. W., "Sodium Chloride—The Production and Properties of Salt and Brine," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1960. Kharasch, N., ed., "Organic Sulfur Compounds," 2 vols., Pergamon Press, Long Island City, N. Y., 1961, 1966. Kirk, R. E., Othmer, D. F., eds., "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology," 2nd ed., ed. by A. Standen, Vol. 1, pp. 542-559, "Alcohols, Higher, Fatty," Vol. 8, pp. 776856, "Fats and Fatty Oils," and "Fatty Acids," Interscience Publishers, New York. 1963, 1965. Martell, A. E., Calvin, M., "Chemistry of Metal Chelate Compounds," Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N. J., 1952. Martin, G., "The Manufacture of Glycerol" (Vol. 3 of "The Modern Soap and Detergent Industry"), 2nd ed. by H. J. Strausz, Technical Press, London, 1956. Miner, C. S., Dalton, N. N., eds., "Glycerol," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1953. Olah, G. A., ed., "Alkylation and Related Reactions" (Vol. 2 of "Friedel-Crafts and Related Reactions"), Interscience Publishers, New York, 1964. Patai, S., ed., "Chemistry of Functional Groups," Vol. 1, "Chemistry of the Alkenes," Interscience Publishers, New York, 1964. Reddish, G. F., ed., "Antiseptics, Disinfectants, Fungicides, and Chemical and Physical Sterilization," 2nd ed., Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1957. Sconce, J. S., "Chlorine: Its Manufacture, Properties, and Uses," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1962. Sittig, M., "Oxo Process and Its Products," Noyes Press, Park Ridge, N. J., 1966.



12.

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Soaps and

Detergents

241

Sittig, M., "Sodium: Its Manufacture, Properties, and Uses," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1956. Smith, R. L., "Sequestration of Metals: Theoretical Considerations and Practical Applications," Chapman & Hall, London, 1959. Suter, C. M., "The Organic Chemistry of Sulfur: Tetracovalent Sulfur Compounds," John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1944. Topschiev, A. V. and others, "Alkylation with Olefins," Elsevier, New York, 1964. Ülein, E., "Optische Aufheller ('Farblose Fluoreszenzfarbstoffe'), GrundlagenEigenschaften-Anwendungen," Moser-Verlag, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany, 1957. Vail, J. G. et al., "Soluble Silicates—Their Properties and Uses," 2 vols., Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1952. Van Wazer, J. R., "Phosphorus and Its Compounds," 2 vols., Interscience Publishers, New York, 1958, 1961. Waterman, H. I. et al., "Hydrogenation of Fatty Oils," Elsevier Publishing Co., New York, 1951. Dictionaries, Glossaries, Handbooks AATCC Technical Manual, American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, Durham, N. C., annual. Barritt, J. et al., eds., "The Colour Index," 2nd ed., 4 vols. and supplement, Society of Dyers and Colourists and American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (jointly), Lowell, Mass., 1956-58, 1963. Bennett, H., ed., "The Chemical Formulary," 14 vols., Chemical Publishing Co., New York, 1933-1968. Carriere, G., "Detergents—A Glossary of Terms Used in the Detergents Industry in English, French Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, German, Dutch, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Russian, Polish, Finnish, Czech, Hungarian, Rumanian, Greek, Turkish, Japanese," Elsevier Publishing Co., New York, 1960. Davidsohn, A., "Polishes and Cleaning Materials," 3rd ed., Leonard Hill, London, 1956. Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual, McCutcheon, Inc., Morristown, N. J., annual. Hall, A. J., "Modern Textile Auxilaries," Skinner, Manchester, England, 1952. Hetzer, J., "Textil-Hilfsmittel-Tabellen," 2nd ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1938. Lesser, M. A., "Modern Chemical Specialties," MacNair-Dorland, New York, 1950. Moore, A. C., "How to Clean Everything—An Encyclopedia of What to Use and How to Use It," rev. ed., Simon & Schuster, New York, 1961. Römpp, H., "Chemie Lexikon," 5th ed., 3 vols., Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart, Germany, 1962. Rose, A., Rose, E., eds., "The Condensed Chemical Dictionary," 7th ed., Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1966. Schwarcz, L., " Sanitary Chemicals," MacNair-Dorland, New York, 1953. Sisley, J. P., "Encyclopedia of Surface-Active Agents," 2 vols., translated and rev. by P. J. Wood, Chemical Publishing Co., New York, 1952, 1964. "Sources of Information on Suppliers of Ingredients Used in the Formulation of Detergents and Cleaning Compounds," Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association, Inc., New York. "Synthetic Detergents File," McCutcheon, Inc., Morristown, N. J., cards updated periodically. Zimmerman, O. T., Lavine, I., "Handbook of Material Trade Names," 1 vol. and 4 supplements, Industrial Research Service, Dover, N. H., 1953, 1956, 1957, 1960, 1965. Analysis, Testing, and Standards ASTM Standards, Part 22—"Soaps and Other Detergents," (includes definitions of terms), American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa., annual. Blue Book, Section 1, list of sources of supply; Section 2, test methods and other references to soap, detergent, and chemical specialty industries; Soap and Chemical Specialties, MacNair-Dorland, New York, annual. Boekenoogen, H. A., ed., "Analysis and Characterization of Oils, Fats, and Fat Products," Vol. 1, Interscience Publishers, New York, 1964.



242

LITERATURE


"Deutsche Einheitsmethoden zur Untersuchung von Fetten, Fettprodukten, und Verwandten Stoffen," Deutsche Gesellschaft fiir Fettwissenschaft, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsges., Stuttgart, Germany, 1950 (loose-leaf for updating). Harris, J. C., "Detergency Evaluation and Testing," Interscience Publishers, New York, 1954. Hummel, D., "Identification and Analysis of Surface-Active Agents by Infrared and Chemical Methods," transl. by E. A. Wulkow, 2 vols., Interscience Publishers, New York, 1962. Index of Federal Specifications and Standards, General Services Administration, Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402, annual with cumulative monthly supplements. Index of Specifications and Standards, U. S. Department of Defense, Superintendent of Documents, annual with cumulative bimonthly supplements. "K 60—Soaps and Detergents," (a series of 21 standards), American Standards Association, New York. Mehlenbacher, V. C., "The Analysis of Fats and Oils," Garrard Press, Champaign, Ill., 1960. "Methods of Sampling and Testing Detergents," (BS 3762: 1964), British Standards Institution, London, 1964. "Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists," 10th ed., The Association, Washington, D. C., 1965. "Official and Tentative Methods of the American Oil Chemists' Society," American Oil Chemists' Society, Chicago, updated annually. Rosen, M. J., Goldsmith, H. A., "Systematic Analysis of Surface-Active Agents," Interscience Publishers, New York, 1960. "Seifen und Waschmittel—Definitionen, Untersuchungsmethoden, und Anforderungen," 2nd ed., Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für analytische und angewandte Chemie, Hans Huber, Bern, Switzerland, 1955. "Standard Methods for the Analysis of Oils, Fats and Soaps," 5th ed., International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Butterworth & Co., London, 1964. Abstracts, Indexes, and Information Services Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Annual Reviews Inc., 231 Grant Ave., Palo Alto, Calif., annual. Applied Science and Technology Index (one of the successors to Industrial Arts Index), H. W. Wilson Co., 950 University Ave., New York, N. Y. 10452, monthly (except August), cumulative every few months & annually. Biological Abstracts, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19104, semimonthly. BioResearch Titles, Biosciences Information Service, Biological Abstracts, monthly. British Abstracts, Bureau of Abstracts, London, England, monthly, 1926-1953. Business Periodicals Index (one of the successors to Industrial Arts Index), H. W. Wilson Co., 950 University Ave., New York, N. Y. 10452, monthly (except July); cumulative annually. Chemical Abstracts, American Chemical Society, 1155 Sixteenth St., N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036, weekly. Year Section 1907-Aug. 10, 1911 — Fats, Fatty Oils, and Soap Aug. 20, 1911-1961 27. Fats, Fatty Oils, and Soaps 1962 42. Surface-Active Agents and Detergents 1963-1966 53. Surface-Active Agents and Detergents 1967 46. Surface-Active Agents and Detergents Chemical Market Abstracts, Foster D. Snell, Inc., 29 West 15th St., New York, N. Y. 10011, monthly. Chemical Safety Data Sheets, Manufacturing Chemists' Association, Inc., 1825 Connecticut Ave., N. W., Washington, D. C. 20009, periodically. Chemical Titles, American Chemical Society, biweekly. Chemisches Zentralblatt, Akademie-Verlag GmbH, Leipzigerstrasse 3-4, Berlin 108, Germany, weekly. Digest Technical and Materials News Supplement, Soap and Detergent Association, 295 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. 10017, irregular.



12.

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Soaps and

Detergents

243

Dissertation Abstracts (Part B—Sciences and Engineering), University Microfilms, 313 North First St., Ann Arbor, Mich. 48107, monthly. Engineering Index, Engineering Index, Inc., 345 East 47th St., New York, N. Y. 10017, monthly bulletin & annual compilation. Fats, Oils, Detergents Yearbook, Interscience Publishers Inc. (Wiley), 605 Third Ave., New York, N. Y. 10016, annual, 1954-1958. Government-Wide Index to Federal Research and Development Reports, Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, Springfield, Va. 22151, semimonthly. Index Chemicus, Institute for Scientific Information, 325 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19106, biweekly, quarterly, and annual cumulative indexes. Index Medicus, National Library of Medicine, order from Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402, monthly, annual cumulative index. Index to Reviews, Symposia Volumes, and Monographs in Organic Chemistry, 19401960, Pergamon Press, Inc., 44-01 21st St., Long Island City, New York, New York 11101; 1961-1962, The Macmillan Co., 866 Third Ave., New York, N. Y. 10022. Journal of the Textile Institute, Abstracts, The Textile Institute, 10 Blackfriars St., Manchester 3, England, monthly. Monthly Catalog of U.S. Government Publications, Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402, monthly. Packaging Abstracts, published and sold for the Packaging Division, Printing, Packaging and Allied Trades Research Association by Pergamon Press, Ltd., 4 & 5 Fitzroy Square, London W1, England, monthly. Periodical and Literature Digest for Soap and Detergent Executives, Soap and Detergent Association, 295 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. 10017, biweekly. Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature, H. W. Wilson Co., 950 University Ave., New York, N. Y. 10452, semimonthly, cumulative. Reports on the Progress of Applied Chemistry, Society of Chemical Industry, 14 Belgrave Square, London SW1, England, annual. Review of Textile Progress—A Survey of World Literature, Butterworth & Co., Ltd., 88 Kingsway, London WC2, England, annual. Statistics of Soap, Glycerine, and Soapmaking Fats and Oils, Soap and Detergent Association, periodically. Technical Translations, ceased in 1967. See Translations Register-Index. Textile Technology Digest, Institute of Textile Technology, Charlottesville, Va., monthly. Translations Register-Index, Special Libraries Association, John Crerar Library, 35 West 33rd St., Chicago, Ill. 60616, 10/year. U.S. Government Research and Development Reports, Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, Springfield, Va. 22151, semimonthly. Year Book of Dermatology, Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc., 35 East Wacker Dr., Chicago, Ill. 60601, annual. Periodicals Aerosol Age, Aerosol Publications, Inc., Box 31, Caldwell, N. J. 07006, monthly. American Dyestuff Reporter (includes Proceedings of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists), Howes Publishing Co., Inc., 44 East 23rd St., New York, N. Y. 10010, biweekly. American Perfumer and Cosmetics, Allured Publishing Corp., 1031 South Blvd., Oak Park, Ill. 60302, monthly. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (printed in Eng., Fr., or German), Chemical Society of Japan, 1-5 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan, monthly. Chemical and Engineering News, American Chemical Society, 1155 Sixteenth St., N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036, weekly. Chemical Reviews, American Chemical Society, bimonthly. Chemical Week, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 330 West 42nd St., New York, N. Y. 10036, weekly. Colloid Journal (English translation of Kolloidnyi Zhurnal), Consultants Bureau Enterprises, Inc., 227 West 17th St., New York, N. Y. 10011, bimonthly. Detergent Age, Dorland Publishing Corp., Professional Bldg., 4 Second Ave., Denville, N. J. 07834, monthly.



244

LITERATURE


Drug and Cosmetic Industry, Drug Markets, Inc., 101 West 31st St., New York, N. Y. 10001, monthly. Fatty Acid News Digest, Fatty Acid Producers' Council, 295 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. 10017, monthly. FDC Reports, The Pink Sheet (Drugs and Cosmetics), FDC Reports, Inc., 1152 National Press Building, Washington, D. C. 20004, weekly. Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel, Industrieverlag von Hernhaussen K.G., 24 Rödingsmarkt, Hamburg 11, Germany, monthly. Food, Drug, Cosmetic Law Journal, Commerce Clearinghouse Inc., 4025 West Peterson Ave., Chicago, Ill. 60646, monthly. Givaudanian, Givaudan-Delawanna, Inc., 321 West 44th St., New York, N. Y. 10036, 11 issues a yr. Hydrocarbon Processing-Petroleum Refiner, Gulf Publishing Co., Box 2608, Houston, Tex. 77001, monthly. Indian Oil and Soap Journal (formerly The Indian Soap Journal), Indian Soap and Toiletries Makers' Association, P-11, Mission Row Extension, Calcutta 1, India, monthly. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry (plus 3 quarterlies: Fundamentals; Process Design and Development; Product ResearchandDevelopment), American Chemical Society, monthly. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society (includes the Annual Review of the Literature on Fats, Oils, and Detergents), The American Oil Chemists' Society, 35 East Wacker Dr., Chicago, Ill. 60601, monthly. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (formerly Journal of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists), Box 540, Benjamin Franklin Station, Washington, D. C. 20004, bimonthly. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Academic Press, 111 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. 10003, 9 issues a yr. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists, The Society of Cosmetic Chemists, 170 Tabor Rd., Morris Plains, N. J. 07950, 13 issues a yr. Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists, The Society of Dyers and Colourists, 19 Piccadilly, Bradford, Yorkshire, England, monthly. Kolloid Zeitschrift & Zeitschrift für Polymere, Steinkopff Verlag, Holzhofallee 35, Darmstadt, Germany, monthly. Lectures of the Short Course, American Oil Chemists' Society, annual. Lipids, American Oil Chemists' Society, bimonthly. Manufacturing Chemist and Aerosol News (formed by merger of Manufacturing Chemist and Chemical Products), Grampian Press, Ltd., The Tower, 229-243 Shepherds Bush Rd., London W6, England, monthly. Melliand Textilberichte, Melliand Textilberichte K.G., Rohrbacherstrasse, 76, Heidelberg, Germany, monthly. Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter, Schnell Publishing Co., 100 Church St., New York, N. Y. 10007, weekly. Oleagineux, Institut de Recherches pour les Huiles et Oleagineux, 8 Square Petrarque, Paris, France, monthly (bimonthly Aug.-Sept.). Parfumerie, Cosmetique, Savons, Societe de Productions Documentaires, 80, Route de Saint Cloud, 92-Rueil-Malmaison, France, monthly. Parfumerie und Kosmetik, Dr. Alfred Hüthig Verlag, Wilckenstrasse 3, Postfach 727, Heidelberg, Germany, monthly. Perfumery and Essential Oil Record, Hexagon Publishing Co. Ltd., Martin House, 84-86 Gray's Inn Rd., London WC1, England, monthly. Proceedings of the Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association, 50 East 41st St., New York, N. Y. 10017, semiannual. Proceedings of the Scientific Section of the Toilet Goods Association, 1625 Eye St., N.W., Washington, D. C. 20006, semiannual. Progress in the Chemistry of Fats and Other Lipids, Pergamon Press, Inc., 40-01 21st St., Long Island City, N. Y., 11101, irregular. Revue Francaise des Corps Gras, Institut des Corps Gras, 60 rue de Richelieu, Paris, France, 11 issues a yr. Seifen-Öle-Fette-Wachse mit Kosmetik und Chem.-Tech. Industrie (successor to Seifensieder Zeitung), Verlag für Chemische Industrie, H. Ziolkowsky K.G., Beethovenstrasse 16, Augsburg, Germany, biweekly.



12.

SCHULZE

Soaps and

Detergents

245

Soap and Chemical Specialties, MacNair-Dorland Co., 254 West 31st St., New York, N. Y. 10001, monthly. Soap, Perfumery, and Cosmetics, United Trade Press, 9 Gough Square, Fleet St., London EC4, England, monthly. Specialities; Household Products, Surfactants, Toilet Preparations, Ashbourne Publications, Ltd., Ashbourne House, Alberon Gardens, London NW11, England, monthly. Surface Science, North-Holland Publishing Co., Box 103, Amsterdam, Netherlands, quarterly. Tenside; Zeitschrift für Physik, Chemie, und Anwendung grenzflächenaktive Stoffe, Carl Hanser Zeitschriftenverlag GmbH, Kolbergerstrasse 22, München 27, Germany, monthly. Textile ResearchJournal,Textile Research Institute, Box 625, Princeton, N. J. 08540, monthly. Transactions of the Faraday Society, The Aberdeen University, 6 Upper Kirkgate, Aberdeen, Scotland, monthly. Patents Derwent Publications, Ltd., Rochdale House, Theobalds Rd., London WC1, England British Patents Abstracts, since 1951. Belgian Patents Report, since 1955. French Patents Abstracts, since 1961. German Patents Abstracts, since 1953. Japanese Patents Report, since 1962. Netherlands Patents Report, since 1964. Soviet Inventions Illustrated, since 1961. "The International Index of Patents—Chemical and Allied Arts, 1790-1960. A Guide to the Chemical and Allied Patents Granted by the United States during this Period Grouped in the Classes and Subclasses of the United States Patent Office," 6 vols., Interdex Corp., New York, 1964. Manneck, H., "Die Verfahren der Kontinuierlichen Verseifung & Seifenherstellung," Moser-Verlag, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany, 1956. Manneck, H., "Herstellung und Zusammensetzung Pulverförmiger Wasch-Reinigungsand Spulmittel," Moser-Verlag, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany, 1956. Manneck, H., "Moderne Wasch-u. Reiningungsmittel," 7 vols., Moser-Verlag, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany, 1952-1966. Mollering, C. H., Lüttgen, C., van der Werth, A., "Seifen-Herstellung und SeifenErzeugnisse (Eine Bearbeitung der Patentliteratur)," 2nd ed., Allgemeiner Industrie-Verlag Knorre, Berlin, Germany, 1942. Müller, F., van der Werth, A., "Netz-Dispergier-, und Waschmittel," 3rd ed., Allgemeiner Industrie-Verlag Knorre, Berlin, Germany, 1939. "The National Catalog of Patents. Chemical Allied Patents 1961-1962. A Guide to the Chemical Patents Granted during this Period as Described in the Official Gazette Grouped in the Classes and Subclasses of the Manual of Classification of the United States Patent Office," Rowman & Littlefield, New York, 1963. Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office, Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., weekly. "Uniterm Index to Chemical Patents," Information for Industry, Washington, D. C., 1950 to date; "1946-1949 Expanded Title Index," 1963. Economics and Statistics Agricultural Statistics, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402, annual. "Census of Manufactures," Vol. 2, "Industry Statistics," Section D on soaps, detergents, etc., U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Superintendent of Documents, every 4 years with preliminary updating in between. Chemical & Engineering News Facts & Figures for the Chemical Process Industries, American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C., annual. Corlett, W. J., "The Economic Development of Detergents," Duckworth, London, 1958. Edwards, H. R., "Competition and Monopoly in the British Soap Industry," Oxford University Press, New York, 1962.



246

LITERATURE


The Fats and Oils Situation, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Washington, D. C., 5 issues a year. Leffingwell, G., Lesser, M., "Soap in Industry," Chemical Publishing Co., New York, 1946. Puplett, P. A. R., "Synthetic Detergents—A Study of the Development and Marketing of a New Product," Sidgwick & Jackson, London, 1957. Statistics of Soap, Glycerine, and Soapmaking Fats and Oils, Soap and Detergent Association, New York, periodically. Synthetic Organic Chemicals—U. S. Production and Sales, (section on surface-active agents), U. S. Tariff Commission, Superintendent of Documents, annual. "Report of the Committee on Synthetic Detergents," Great Britain, Ministry of Housing and Local Government, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1956, supplemented by annual progress reports to date. Wells, F. V., ed., Soap, Perfumery, and Cosmetics Year Book and Buyers' Guide, United Trade Press, London, annual. International Conference Proceedings "Original Lectures of the Third International Congress of Surface Activity," Cologne, Sept. 12-17, 1960, issued by Deutscher Ausschuss für Grenzflächenaktive Stoffe, 4 vols., Verlag der Universitätsdruckerei, Mainz, Germany, 1961. "Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress on Surface-Active Substances," Gordon & Breach, New York (in press). Schulman, J. H., ed., "Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Surface Activity," 4 vols., Academic Press, New York, 1957. "World Congress on Surface-Active Agents," Chambre Syndicale Tramagras, Paris, 1954. Selected Articles Duncan, R. A., "The New Detergents," Ind. Eng. Chem. 26, 24 (1934). Ferguson, R. H., Rosevear, F. B., Stillman, R. C., "Solid Soap Phases," Ind. Eng. Chem. 35, 1005 (1943). Johnson, S. A. M . et al., "Comparison of Effects of Soaps and Synthetic Detergents on Hands of Housewives—Clinical Method," Arch. Dermatol. Syphilol. 68, 643 (1953). Mabis, A. J., "Structure of Mesomorphic Phases," Acta Cryst. 15 (11), 1152 (1962) (plates on pp. 28-32). McBride, G. W., "Continuous Process for Soap," Chem. Eng. 54 (4), 94 (1947). Preston, W. C., "Some Correlating Principles of Detergent Action," J. Phys. Chem. 52, 84 (1948). Quimby, O. T., "The Chemistry of Sodium Phosphates," Chem. Rev. 40, 141 (1947). Rosevear, F. B., "The Microscopy of the Liquid Crystalline Neat and Middle Phases of Soaps and Synthetic Detergents," J. Am. Oil Chemists' Soc. 31, 628 (1954). Bibliographies American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19103. "Bibliographical Abstracts on Evaluation of Brightening Agents for Detergent Usage (1929-1961)," STP 177A, 1964. "Papers on Evaluation of Soaps and Detergents," STP 115, 1952. "Primary Soil Deposition, Bibliography and Abstracts on (1931-1961)," STP 316, 1962. "Synthetic Detergents, Bibliographical Abstracts of, Methods for Analysis of," STP 150-A, 150-B, 150-C, 1956, 1958, 1960. Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, Va. 22152 "Soaps and Detergents," CTR-333, Nov. 1957, 323 refs. "Soaps, Detergents, Cleaning Agents, Supplement to CTR-333," SB-468, July 1961, 88 refs.


12.

SCHULZE

Soaps and Detergents

247


Patents Class 252 Compositions 89 Detergents (for use on solid materials) 90 Packages or heterogeneous arrangements 91 Impregnated or coated with detergents 92 Separate soap containing and non-soap zones 93 Wrapped or encased soaps 94 With chemical bleachant, oxidant, or reductant 95 Oxidant containing 96 Soap (water-soluble fatty acid or rosin) containing 97 Water-soluble inorganic B, Si, or P compound containing 98 NH3, amine, or nitrogen base compound containing (except proteins) 99 Water-soluble inorganic B, Si, or P compound containing 100 Acidic 101 HNO3 or aqua regia containing 102 NH3, amine, or nitrogen base compound containing (except proteins) 103 Alkaline 104 Solvent (physical or chemical) containing 105 Reductant containing 106 Antiseptic, insecticide, or biocide containing 107 Soap (water soluble fatty acid or rosin) containing 108 Soap (water-soluble fatty acid or rosin) containing 109 Water-soluble inorganic B, Si, or P compound containing 110 NH3, amine, or nitrogen base compound containing (except proteins) 111 Physical non-water solvent containing 112 Water insoluble abradant, wax or filler containing 113 Water-insoluble abradant, wax or filler containing 114 Physical non-water solvent containing 115 Water-insoluble abradant, wax or filler containing 116 Water-insoluble abradant, wax or filler containing 117 NH3, amine, or nitrogen base compound containing (except proteins) 118 Physical non-water solvent containing 119 Water-insoluble abradant, wax or filler containing 120 Water-insoluble abradant, wax or filler containing 121 Organic sulpho-compound containing 122 Physical non-water solvent containing 123 Water-insoluble abradant, wax or filler containing 124 Organic and inorganic type 125 Organic type 126 Hydrocarbon or halohydrocarbon containing 127 Non-hydrocarbon non-soap organic compound containing 128 Water-insoluble abradant, wax or filler containing 129 Organic and inorganic type 130 Organic type 131 Inorganic type 132 With other organic, plant, or animal matter or compound 133 With inorganic compound or element (except alkali-metal hydroxides and carbonates and water) 134 Shapes or structures 135 Water-soluble inorganic B, Si or P compound containing 136 Acidic 137 NH3, amine or nitrogen base compound containing (except proteins) 138 Organic sulpho-compound containing 139 Physical non-water solvent containing 140 Water-insoluble abradant, wax or filler containing 141 Water-soluble cyanides or cyanates containing 142 Acidic 143 Physical non-water solvent containing 144 Water-insoluble abradant, wax or filler containing 145 Water-insoluble abradant, wax or filler containing 146 With corrosion inhibitants 147 Compounds of elements other than C, H , O, N , S, CI, Na, and K containing

American Chemical Society Library

1155 16th S t , N.W. Washington, OX. Smith, 200SIJ.; In Literature of Chemical Technology;

Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1968.


248 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 367 368 369 370 371

LITERATURE OF CHEMICAL

TECHNOLOGY

Organic nitrogen compound containing Thio organic compound containing Thiazole nucleus containing Organic sulphur compound containing NH3, amine or nitrogen base compound containing (except proteins) Physical non-water solvent containing Water-insoluble abradant, wax or filler containing Water-insoluble abradant, wax or filler containing Alkaline Gas-generative Physical non-water solvent containing Water-insoluble abradant, wax or filler containing Water-insoluble abradant, wax or filler containing Organic sulpho-compound containing Physical or chemical non-water solvent containing Abradant, wax, cellulose ester, inorganic solid or filler containing With oxygen organic compounds With organic compounds of other than C, H , and O With hydrocarbon solvents With hydrocarbon solvents Wax or cellulose-ester and abradant, inorganic solid or other filler containing Wax or cellulose-ester containing Oxygen organic compound containing Organic compounds of other than C, H , and O containing Non-hydrocarbon substances containing Aqueous Shapes or structures Water-Softening or Purifying or Scale-Inhibiting Agents Packages or heterogeneous arrangements Antiseptic, germicide or biocide containing Colloids Wetting, emulsifying, dispersing or stabilizing agents Organic and inorganic agents containing (except water) Organic sulphoxy compound containing Protein or carboxylic compound containing Organic amine, amide or N-base containing Protein or carboxylic compound containing Organic amine, amide, or N-base containing Soaps (Alkali-Metal Salts of Water-Insoluble Fatty or Rosin Acids) Products Including saponification With subsequent operations Apparatus only

Patents of interest may also appear in Class 2 6 0 , Chemistry, Carbon Compounds (subclasses 1 0 5 , 4 1 3 , 5 0 3 + , 6 0 6 . 5 , 6 8 6 ) , in Class 8, Bleaching and Dyeing, and elsewhere. RECEIVED November 2 3 , 1 9 6 6 . Updated 1 9 6 8 .


Literature of Soaps and Synthetic Detergents - Advances in Chemistry

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