46
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
J ~ ~ u a n 1932 u,
dates and other material from human cases of disease to determine infectious or non-infectious nature; and related experiments. necessary in medical research. Some of these experiments required g e a t courage on the part of the human volunteer. Use of Animals in Experimental Work A large part of the experimental work, aside from the purely chemical and physical studies, necessarily involves the use of animals. Like other similar laboratories, in its ,medical researches the Institute is forced to adopt the slogan "Better a mouse than a man." Almost needless to say, the animals used in experimental work receive the utmost consideration. With the object of seeing that the rules governing the humane treatment of animals are faithfully carried out, an inspector.makes frequent unannounced visits to all parts of the institution where animals are under experiment or are kept and notes the details of anesthesia and of the feedmg and sanitary conditions. Should any one be derelict in the proper treatment of animals, he would not only he suspended from duty but might be summoned to court for violating the humane laws.
New light was Magnetic properties of metal aystals changed by "dilution." thrown on the ultra-microscopic structure of solid metal crystals, and especially on their magnetic properties, by a report of two scientists working in an American laboratory, read before the German Physical Society rneetgg a t Bad Elster. The paper was read by Prof. R. A. Miiikan, director of the Norman Bridge Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology, where the two experimenters, Dr. Alexander Goetz and Dr. A. B. Focke, are working. The two researchers attacked in a new way the old question of whether the magnetic properties of a metal are not affected by the arrangement of its molecules. They found that when a crystal of a given metal is "diluted" by the addition of even afew atoms of another metal with different magnetic properties, its own magnetic properties are immediately and radically changed. The greatest changes occur with the addition of the fist few atoms of the added metal; larger additions later on have less effect. The &ect is noted, however, only when the added metal goes into "solid solution," that is, if the new atoms are so intimately mixed with the original substance that they are built into ultramicroscopic structure. Furthermore, additions af the new metal beyond saturation m i n t have no e5ect. The paper read by Prof. Millikan was a sort of scientific quid idpro quo. A few months ago, one of the two authors, Dr. Goetz, aeated a sensation a t the Pasadena meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science by presenting a desaiption of the work of two German scientists. Dr. F. Lange and Dr. A. Brasch of the University of Berlin, who have harnessed l i g h t n i i in the Alps for the operation of giant X-ray tubes, the most powerful that the world has yet seen. The paper last spring was read by Dr. Goetz in English; this "return contribution" was presented by Dr. Millikan in German. A full report of the work of Dr. Goetz and Dr. Focke will appear in an early issue of the weekly technical journal. Science.-Science Senn'cc
