JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
268 and the newer synthetic fibers, and finally the printing of pigment colors and special printing effects are considered, Methods of dyeing and printing such fibers as the superpolyamide, vinyl polymer, terylene, alginate, silicone, and glass fibers are included. The chapter on the printing of pigments and metal powders is of considerable interest as is also the matorial on pliss0, perchmentming, offset printing, the orbis method, and gsuffrage effects. The value of the text is increased by the inclusion of tables of rtuxililtries, giving manufacturer's names, the constitution of the product, its applioiltion and literature references, following the chapters on direct, basic and acid dyestuffs, aniline black, and acetate rayon. Voluminous refomncra to the literature snd to patents are given. The tendency to refer to foreign patents rather than U. S. patents is evident, and many formulas contain foreign trade name products. Nevertheless, Volume I1 brings togethcr a. wealth of material which is well presented from the tmhnoloeical noint of view. ~~"~~ The translators are to be commended for making available in the English language such a comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of the subject matter
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W W. RUSSELL
PHASE MICROSCOPY
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A. H. Bennett, H e l e n Jupnik, H. Osterberg, and 0. W. Richards, American Optical Co., Stamford, COM. 1. Wiley 8 Sons, Inc., New York, 1951. xiii 320 pp. Illustrated. 15.5 X 23.5 cm. $7.50.
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TaE phase microscope was developed commercially during the period when the electron microscope was receiving the lion's share of attention. Many of the publications in the field of phase microscopy have not been readily accessible to the average worker or student. "Phase Microscopy," the first book of its kind, is a. very timely compilation of the underlying principles, canstruction snd applications of this much neglected tool. For those who have been sorking in this field, with complacent satisfaction, i t rekindles the desire and need for further exploitation of the instrument. The team of authors has produced expert coverage of the field. The various chanters are individuallv written hv the authors.
of image formation in the phase microscope is given in the appendix, fortunately a simplified theoretical understanding of the principles involved is given in the first few chapters. Of particular interest ta the microscopist is the description of the slienment and adiustment of the nhase microscone. The ohapter an techniques of phase microscopy contains material not heretofore collected, much of which is npplieable to regular light microscopy.
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The discussion of the salient features of phase microscope equipment supplied by different manufacturers today is particularly timely now that practically all of the leading microscope manufacturers have introduced instruments in this field. CEIARLES MARESH
M~TALLOGRAPHIE: LES DIAGRAMMES D ' ~ Q U I LIBRE PAR QUESTIONS ET R ~ P O N S E S
A. Glazunov, formerly rector and professor at the School of Mines of Prihram. Preface by G. Chaudron, professor at the Sorbonne and president of the French Metallurgical Society. Translated into Frelich from the original Czech by the author. 240 pp. 4 2 s figs. 15.5 X 24 cm. Dunod, Palis, 1951. vii Paper bound. 1,280 franos.
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THE author of this interesting book presents the whole theory of equilibrium phase diagrams of binary systems, metallic alloys particularly, as well as numerous exercises, through the device of questions and answers. The result is s pedagogical feat. Starting with element,ary matters of definitions, the phase rule, and other fundamentals, the subject matter rises from one level of complexity to x higher one in imperceptible steps and culminates in the dotailed study of diagrams such as that of copper and tin and that of gold and zinc. Many other important diagrams are discussed throughout the book. The first part, entitled "Introduction to Metallography," consists of 104 questions and answers with 7 additional ones on calculationsof e&position. Questions 75 to 85 on thermodynamic matters are weak and their answers oversimplified to the point of being inaccurate. They should have been left out. The second part entitled "Mets*llogritphyDescription of Diagrams" consists of 333 questions and answers distributed between the fallowing topics: solidification of solutions; solidification with eutectic; constituents with two or several allotropic forms; formation of chemical compounds; chemical compounds decomposing before melting; formation of total solid solutions; complete or partial immiscibility in the liquid state; decomposition of t m solid solutions; variation of physical properties in terms of composition and structure; interpretation of complex diagrams with daltonide and herthallide phases. The book contains no references to other books nor to the original literature. It is to be regarded as a strictly didactic contribution. Professor Chaudron, in his enthusiastic preface to this French translation from the original Caech, expresses the conviction that the book will greatly improve the understanding of equilibrium diagrams among French engineers and metallurgists. I t might well play the same role in other countries.
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PIERRE VAN RYeSELBERGHE or OREGOW
EUGENE, ORROON
