BOOK REVIEWS srquenre of constituents whieh became evident as t,he ezrhon content of iron waa increased led t o a new level of understanding of the nature of steel. The author brings out the retarding eRert on the development of a theory of the metallic state which resulted from the rise o f molecular roneepts during t h e nineteenth century. While the concept of mokcolar aggregation was useful in understaniing gases and even liquids, i t delayed progress in understanding the solid state until t h e introduction of x-ray teehniques ~ s t s b l i s h dthe lack of m o l e d a r organisation in many solid substances. I t is ai interest to note that chemistry, particularly organic, profited enormously hy use of maleeolsr concepts in t h e nineteenth rentury. However, a theoretical ronstruet which is useful in one ares may do murh damage when overextended. The- last part of the hook deals wibh the contribution8 of Tschernofl in Russia, M a r t p n ~in Germany, Osmand in France, Itoherts-Ansten in England, and H. 1s. Howe in Amerira toward an understandine of the phases present m steel in relatmn to romposltion and heat treatment. Osmond, hy combining microscopy and thrrrnorhemistry, converted metallography into a sound science. The book mds with a brief review of developments niter 1800, particularly t h e application of thermodyxm~irs hy Le Chatelier, the appliration of Gihbs' Phase Rule by Raoa~boom, the introduction of x-ray cry~tallngrsphyt o metals by the Braggs, and t h e rerent application oi the electron microsrope. The author has succeeded very well, not only in giving us a welldeveloped history of the ~uhjeet,hut in showing t,he interplay of disciplines and idea* in the history of science.
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AARONJ. IHDE University qf Wisconsin Madison Modern Insecticides and World Food Production (.'. -4. a n t h e r and L. R. Jeppson, Cit,n~sExperiment Station, University of Cdifornirt, Riverside, California. John Wiky & Sons, Ine., New York, 1960. xv 284 pp. Figs. and tables. 15.5 X 23 em. 58.50.
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The introductory chapter of this hook deals with insects and mites, and their plant and animal hosts. The coverage of this vast subject in one chapter of only 19 pages is necessarily sketchy though i t must be admitted that the authors have chosen their material with good judgment. I t is felt, however, that t h e reader should have considerable entomologicsl knorvledge before he is fully able t o digest the chapter content. The following 15 chapters deal with the methods, the tools (machinery and chemicals) and the prohlcms resulting from insecticide uangr. Chapter 6 whieh presents the tremendously important problem of deposit,s and residues is well done in that it assembles and summsrizes much (Continued a page A636)
BOOK REVIEWS widely scattered data dealing with this subject. The tables of this chapter also contribute t o s. better understanding of the problem. Also of vital importance is the subject of resistance of insects and mites to chemicals which is presented in summarized form in ahapter 7. Again this is a clear presentation, but it probably could h w e been enlarged t o advantage. Certainly Rome of t,he points in this chapter deserve R more extended treatment. Another ' excellent chapter is headed Modem Insecticides and in it there are presented data on the importance of insect and mite control which should he of special interest to producers and consumers alike. Chapters which deal with the insecticide groups are fairly complete, carrying a vast amount of information in summarized form. In the preface the authors state that the book was not written for specialists in the field of economic entomology or the chemistr.~ of insecticides. This, in the opinion of the reviewer, would place decided limits on the usefulness of thir volume, as it is felt that very few laymen could read the book with perfect understanding. At least it will not hurt the speri&t to read it. The volume is well illustrated, well bound and printed, and textual mistskes are very few. Overall it is a n excellent review of a big field. C. R. CUTRIGHT Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station
Careers and Opportunities in Science
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Philip Pollock. E. P. Dutton & Co., Ino., New York, 1960. 194 pp. Illustrated. 14 X 21 cm. $3.95. A considerable amount of meterid is available today for the expressed purpose of guiding young people in the selection of a career. This revised edition of a similar effort published in 1954 "is concerned with the work of scientists of d l kinds, but especially of those engaged in basic research." The author wisely elects to consider only a limited number of scientific fields. These include physios, chemistry, biochemistry, atomic energy, geology, biology, medical research, and conservation. However, within the individual areas, many different types of jobs are discussed which, in effect, broadens the coverage considerably. Discussion includes opportunities in industry, education and govemment. In the presentation of these areas much use is made of current discoveries; how they were achieved, and the present frontiers. These discussions alone should prove to be very informative and intriguing to the student. The reader is then introduced to artual job situations which will most likely be encountered in the field. No attempt is made to overglamorize a particulrtr career. The disadvantages, hazards, and apportunites of the various
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