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Multicolor Spectral-Specific Silicon Nanodetectors based on Molecularly-Embedded Nanowires Sharon Lefler, Roi Vizel, Ella Yeor, Eran Granot, Omri Heifler, Moria Kwiat, Vadim Krivitsky, Miguel Weil, Yuval E Yaish, and Fernando Patolsky Nano Lett., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03873 • Publication Date (Web): 04 Dec 2017 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on December 6, 2017
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Nano Letters
Multicolor Spectral-Specific Silicon Nanodetectors based on MolecularlyEmbedded Nanowires
Sharon Lefler1, Roi Vizel2, Ella Yeor1, Eran Granot1, Omri Heifler2, Moria Kwiat1, Vadim Krivitsky1, Miguel Weil3, Yuval E. Yaish4*, Fernando Patolsky1*
1. School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel. 2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel 3. The Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel 4. Andrew and Erna Viterbi Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel
Emails:
[email protected],
[email protected] Keywords: Silicon, Nanowires, Optoelectronic, Fluorophore, Wavelength specific.
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Abstract Silicon-based photodetectors cannot distinguish between different wavelengths. Therefore, these detectors relay on color-specific filters to achieve color separation. Color filters add complexity to color sensitive device fabrication, and hinder miniaturization of such devices. Here we report an ultra-small (as small as ~20 nm by 300 nm), red-greenblue-violet (RGBV) filter-free spectrally-gated field effect transistor (SGFET) detectors. These photodetectors are based on organic-silicon nanowire hybrid FET devices, capable of detecting specific visible wavelength spectrum with full width at half-maxima (FWHM) under 100 nm. Each SGFET is controlled by a distinctive RGBV spectral range, according to its specific organic fluorophore functionalization. The spectralspecific RGBV detection is accomplished via covalent attachment of different fluorophores. The fluorophore molecules inject electrons into the nanowire structure as a result of light absorption at the appropriate RGBV spectral range. These photo-induced electrons modify the occupancies of the oxide's surface states, shifting the device threshold voltage, thus changing its conductivity, and functioning as a negative stress bias in a p-type SiNW FETs. A positive biasing can be achieved via UV light-induced ionization, which leads to de-trapping and translocation of electrons at the oxide layer. Furthermore, a novel theoretical model on the mechanism of action of these devices was developed. Also, we show that suspended SGFETs can function as nonvolatile memory elements, which unlike fast-relaxing on-surface SGFETs, can store discrete 'on' (RGBV illumination) and 'off' (UV illumination) states for several days at ambient conditions. We also demonstrate a unique single-nanowire multicolor photodetector, enabling in principle a broad spectral detection over a single silicon nanowire element. These highly compact, spectral-controlled nanodevices have the potential to serve in various future novel optoelectric applications.
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Nano Letters
Introduction Photodetectors are essential for imaging systems, environmental surveillance, communications and biological sensing. Spectral discrimination by photodetectors is currently realized using broadband inorganic semiconductor photodiodes, in combination with dichroic mirrors, or a set of optical filters. Narrowband photodetection is usually realized by one of three approaches: (1) by combining broadband photodetectors with bandpass filters and nanocrystals in the photodiode active layer light into its component colors
4
1-3
, (2) By splitting the
and (3) by intentionally enhancing absorption in a
particular wavelength range via the plasmonic effect 5. These approaches are yet to demonstrate
an
appropriate set of performance metrics for any meaningful application, that is, spectrally tunable narrowband responses with full width at half-maxima (FWHM) of
