Published on Web 04/22/2006
Nanopore Formation and Phosphatidylserine Externalization in a Phospholipid Bilayer at High Transmembrane Potential P. Thomas Vernier,*,† Matthew J. Ziegler,‡ Yinghua Sun,‡ Wenji V. Chang,‡ Martin A. Gundersen,# and D. Peter Tieleman§ Departments of Electrical Engineering and Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, UniVersity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0271, MOSIS, Information Sciences Institute, Viterbi School of Engineering, UniVersity of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California 90292, and Department of Biological Sciences, UniVersity of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 Received December 30, 2005; E-mail:
[email protected] Externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS), a phospholipid normally confined to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, follows exposure of biological cells to high-field electric pulses of
