(18) Horrell, Β. Α.; Cooke, D. L. Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng. 1987,29(4), 447-91. (19) Hook, T. J.; Schmitt, R. L.; Gardella, J. Α., Jr.; Salvati, L., Jr.; Chin, R. L. Anal. Chem. 1986,58, 1285. (20) Hook, K. J.; Gardella, J. Α., Jr.; Sal vati, L., Jr. Macromolecules 1987, 20, 2112. (21) Liehr, M.; Thiry, P. Α.; Pireaux, J. J.; Caudano, R. Phys. Rev. Β 1986,33, 5682. (22) Wandass, J. H., Ill; Gardella, J. Α., Jr. Surf. Sci. 1985, 750, L107. (23) Wandass, J. H., Ill; Gardella, J. Α., Jr. Langmuir 1986,2, 543. (24) Wandass, J. H., Ill; Gardella, J. Α., Jr. Langmuir 1987,3,183. (25) Pireaux, J. J.; Thiry, P. Α.; Caudano, R.; Pfluger, P. J. Chem. Phys. 1986, 84, 6452. (26) Rei Vilar, M.; Schott, M.; Pireaux, J. J.; Grégoire, C; Caudano, R.; Lapp, Α.; Lopes da Silva, J.; Botelho do Rego, A. M. Surf. Sci. 1989, 211-12, 782. (27) Valenty, S. J.; Chera, J. J.; Olson, D. R.; Webb, K. K.; Smith, G. Α.; Katz, W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984,106,6155. (28) Jones, R.A.L.; Kramer, E. J.; Rafailovich, M. H.; Sokolov, J.; Schwarz, S. A. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1989,62, 280. (29) Pireaux, J. J.; Vermeersch, M.; Grégoire, C; Thiry, P. Α.; Caudano, R.; Clarke, T. C. J. Chem. Phys. 1988, 88, 3353 (30) Thiry, P. Α.; Liehr, M.; Pireaux, J. J.; Caudano, R. Phys. Scripta 1987,35, 68. (31) DiNardo, N. J.; Demuth, J. J. Chem. Phys. 1986,85,6739. (32) Pireaux, J. J.; Vermeersch, M.; Degosserie, N.; Grégoire, C; Novis, Y.; Chtaib, M.; Caudano, R. In Adhesion and Friction; Grunze, M; Kreuzer, H. J., Eds.; Springer Verlag: Heidelberg, 1989, pp. 53-66. (33) Schmitt, R. L.; Gardella, J. Α., Jr.; Magill, J. H.; Salvati, L., Jr.; Chin, R. L. Mac romolecules 1985,18, 2675. (34) Schmitt, R. L.; Gardella, J. Α., Jr.; Sal vati, L., Jr. Macromolecules 1986,19,648. (35) Hook, T. J.; Gardella, J. Α., Jr.; Sal vati, L., Jr. J. Mater. Res. 1987,2(1), 117. (36) Hook, T. J.; Gardella, J. Α., Jr.; Sal vati, L., Jr. J. Mater. Res. 1987,2(1), 132. (37) Vargo, T. G.; Gardella, J. Α., Jr.; Sal vati, L., Jr. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 1989, 27, 1267. (38) Gardella, J. Α., Jr.; Novak, F. P.; Her cules, D. M. Anal. Chem. 1984,56,1371. (39) Bletsos, I. V.; Hercules, D. M.; Magill, J. H.; vanLeyen, D.; Niehus, E.; Benninghoven, A. Anal. Chem. 1988,60,938. (40) Bletsos, I. V.; Hercules, D. M.; van Leyen, D.; Benninghoven, Α.; Karakatsanis, C. G.; Rieck, J. N. Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 2142. (41) Hook, K.J.; Hook, T. J.; Wandass, J. H., Ill; Gardella, J. Α., Jr. Appl. Surf. Sci. 1990,44, 29. (42) (a) Briggs, D. Org. Mass Spectrom. 1987, 22, 91. b. Hearn, M. J.; Ratner, B. D.; Briggs, D. Macromolecules 1988, 2i,2950. (43) Hearn, M. J.; Briggs, D.; Yoon, S. C; Ratner, B. D. Surf. Interface Anal. 1987, 10, 554. (44) Briggs, D.; Hearn, M. J.; Ratner, B. D. Surf. Interface Anal. 1984, 6, 184. (45) Russell, T. P.; Deline, V. R.; Wakharkar, V. S.; Coulon, G. MRS Bulletin 1989, XIV(10),33. (46) Langell, Μ. Α., Department of Chem istry, University of Nebraska, personal communication, 1989. (47) Mittlefehldt, E. R.; Gardella, J. Α., Jr. Appl. Spectrosc. 1989,43(7), 1172. (48) Aono, M.; Souda, R. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1985,24(70), 1249.
Joseph A. Gardella, Jr. (left) is on leave from the State University of New York at Buffalo and currently serves as program officer for analytical and surface chemis try in the chemistry division of the National Science Foundation. He received a Ph.D. from the University of Pittsburgh (1981) and joined the faculty at Buffalo in 1982 after postdoctoral research at the University of Utah. His research inter ests involve surface chemistry and structure of organic and biological thin films, multicomponent polymers, and biomaterials. Special emphases include ion beam and electron microscopies applied to these systems. Other interests include the philosophy of science, curriculum and teaching, basketball, baseball, and bowling (the sport of kings or philosophers). Jean-Jacques Pireaux (right) is professor of physics at the Facultés Universitaire Notre Dame de la Paix in Namur, Belgium. He received his Ph.D. in physics from FUNDP Namur (1976) and since then has been associated with the Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Spectroscopie Electronique at Namur. There he pursues research in electron spectroscopies (XPS/ESCA and electron-induced vibrational spectroscopy) to characterize polymer surfaces, polymer-metal interfaces, and modified polymers. Pireaux has authored more than 100 papers in these fields and is currently European editor of the Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena.
NIST
QUALITY MEASUREMENTS =
UNITED STATES STANDARD REFERENCE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY The National Institute of Standards and Technology has developed a series of SRM's to serve as calibrants, test mixtures, and standardization materials for Quality Control of analytical instrumentation and methodology. MEASUREMENTS and STANDARDS are important to everyone who needs quality. NIST has over 1,000 Standard Reference Materials that can help you calibrate instruments and check on measurement accuracy. For more information phone or write for a free catalog. Telephone (301) 975-OSRM (6776) FAX (301) 948-3730 STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL PROGRAM Building 2 0 2 , Room 2 0 4 National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD. 2 0 8 9 9 CIRCLE 94 ON READER SERVICE CARD
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 62, NO. 11, JUNE 1, 1990 · 661 A