January, 1923
I N D U S T R I A L A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
a
FIG. ALKALI DISSOLVED FROMGOOD BOTTLES (UPPER)AND FROM POORBOTTLES (LOWER) EXPRESSED AS HCOs
49
SOLIDS (T. s.) DISSOLVED FROM FIG. 2-SILICA (sios) DISSOLVED FROM GOOD FIG. 3-TOTAL GOODBOTTLES (UPPER)AND FROM POOR BOTTLES (UPPER)AND FROM POORBOTTLES (LOWER) BOTTLES (LOWER)
or two parts per million of silica, the bottle is likely to be satisfactory for water samples. An unfit bottle can be detected by titration of the water that has stood in it for a few hours or a week. The table of analyses shows that the large effects on an analysis are in the siIica, sodium, and alkalinity- The changes in carbonate and bicarbonate in the tap Water correspond almost exactb t o the change in sodium. The agreement with those in the are in obtained occasionally when a Sample has been analyzed that has stood too long in a poor bottle and a later check sample has been procured in a good bottle and examined promptly. ANALYSES SHOWING SOLUTIONO F MATERKAL FROM POOR GLASSBOTTLES (PARTSPER MILLION) Distilled TAPWATERWater 15 I Year in Bottle Months in As Drawn' No. 1 2 h.0. 22 Bottles Silica (SiCJz) 8.2 39 53 142 Iron (Fe) 0.15 0.15 0.15 Trace Calcium (Ca) 18 19 18 1.1 Magnesium (Mg). 4.3 3.3 3.2 0.2 Sodium and potassium (Na K) 2.2 18 24 22 Hydroxide radical OH). 0 0 0 Carbonate radicsl tCO3). 0 24 31 34 Bicarbonate radical (HCOs).. 52 41 41 0 Sulfate radical (so&). 19 21 22 4. Chloride (Cl) 4.0 4.0 Nitrate radical (Nod.. 3.9 3.9 3.8 Trace Total dissolved solids at 180' C.. 91 150 177 208 1 Analyzed by C. S. Howard. 2 Analyzed by H. B. Riffenburg.
--
.................... ....................... ................... ............... + .. ......... ......... .... ............ ................... ...........
Most natural fresh waters contain an excess of carbon dioxide, and therefore the regular analysis shows the presence of bicarbonate and no carbonate or hydroxide. A few natural waters are deficient in carbon dioxide and some have dissolved from rocks enough sodium silicate to show hydroxide, but these last are very rare. If an analysis of a natural water shows a large proportion of carbonate or any hydroxide, and the silica is over 30 to 40 parts per million, there ik, ground for suspicion that the sample contains dissolved glass. Further investigation may show the Presence of 50 or 60 parts per million of silica in a natural calcium bicarbonate water or larger quantities in a natural sodium silicate water, but mOre frequently it will be found that the high silica and the hydroxide come from solution of the container.
CONCLUSION Samples of water in good bottles will not dissolve enough glass in a month to cause any detectable change in the nary mineral analysis. No significant change will be caused samples in bad bottles a week, and sometimes in 6 a day, may dissolve enough glass to change the character of the water as shown by an analysis, The greatest changes are the increase in silica and sodium, and the ehange of the alkalinity from bicarbonate to carbonate and hydroxide with an increase of total alkalinity corresponding to the sodium. Bottles may be tested for resistance to solution by filling with distilled water and examining the after a month. Titrations with acid and determination of the total solids and the silica will show the extent of the action.
Navy's Recognition of Chemists Urged On December 1, Charles L. Parsons appeared before the Naval Wage Board, Admiral Strauss, chairman, to discuss the status of chemists in the Navy and to urge that professional chemists be given a professional standing in Navy service. Under present regulations the Navy is the only place in the United States where chemists are paid wages on a daily scale, and it is believed that they should be paid an annual salary, promoted to grades carrying titles to indicate their professional status, and, in general, be treated in a manner becoming to men who are professional and technical specialists. Dr. Parsons gave in some detail the training required and the custom elsewhere in recognizing the profession of chemistry. He stated that in view of the support which the Navy gave chemical research during the war and its appreciation of the work of chemists, it seemed incompatible for it to continue its present policy with respect to chemists. The editoi of THISJOURNAL followed with further statements along the same general lines. It is hoped that early action on condition. the part of the Board may change the present unsatisfactory
The University of Washington, Seattle, Wash., has announced the 27th annual winter mining session, to continue from January 4 to March 21, 1923. No previous training is required for entrance. The expenses of the courses consist of laboratory deposits for material actually used and a university fee of $20. The course in ceramics includes the study of clay-testing lime, plaster, cement, brick, stoneware, whiteware, refractories, glaze studies, clay technology, and terra cotta manufacture.
