New Books
504
I n the chapter on chemical equilibrium, the subheads are: reversible actions; kinetic explanation; chemical equilibrium and its characteristics; the influence of temperature; the influence of concentration; formulation of the lan- of molecular concentration; the forward action in homogeneous and inhomogeneous systems; the reverse action and displacement of equilibrium. I n the chapter on dissociation, the subheads are: some characteristic properties of acids, bases, and salts, shown in aqueous solution; freezing-points of solutions; laws of freezing-point depression; freezing-points and dissociation in solution; the constitution of solutions of acids, bases, and salts. I n the chapter on ionization, the subheads are: introductory; non-electrolytes; chemical changes taking place a t the electrodes during electrolysis; ionic migration; the hypothesis of ions; application to the explanation of electrolysis; difficulties presented by this hypothesis; risum6 and nomenclature; ionic equilibrium ; applications to the interpretation of conductivity measurements; constitution of solutions of ionogens; relation of ionization to chemical activity. I n the chapter on ionic substances and their interaction, the subheads are: mixed ionogens and double salts; the kinds of ionic substances furnished by ionogens; ionic equilibrium with a single ionogen; displacement of ionic equilibria; double decomposition in solution; precipitation; neutralization; acidimetry and alkalimetry; indicators; displacement and the electromotive series; non-ionic modes of forming ionogens. Scattered through the other chapters are such things as the solubility product, precipitation by a common ion, increase of solubility when a complex salt is formed, etc., etc. From all this it is easy to see that the enthusiastic freshman is expected to learn a good deal of physical chemistry. TT’hether he can digest so much so early in his chemical studies is a matter to be decided experimentally. Presumably, it depends very much on the teacher. On p. 410, there is a n objectionable phrase where the author speaks of “a current of less than 0.j volt.” The reviewer feels also that a more sparing use of the kinetic hypothesis would be advantageous; but this is a matter of taste. In most respects, the book is an admirable one, concise and clear. TT-ildcr D . Bancuojt Exercises in Elementary Quantitative Chemical Analysis. For Students BJ’ d z a r i a h T h o m a s Lwicolit and J a m e s Henri TI‘-altort. 15 X 2 2 cm; pp. xiiz 218. S e w I-ork: T h e AIIacmillan C o m p a n y , 1907. Price: $ r . j o net.-“Owing to the groiving demand for quantitative analytical chemistry by those engaged in the study of agriculture, it seemed t o the authors t h a t the presentation of the fundamental methods of agricultural analysis as carried out in the laboratories of the American Experiment Stations would be desirable. While this book is designed primarily as an elementary quantitative guide for the use of agricultural students, it may also be used for the work in general elementary quantitative analysis.” The book is divided into five sections: introduction; gravimetric analysis; volumetric analysis; agricultural analysis; stoichiometry. Under agricultural analysis, are given methods for analyzing milk, butter, cereals and feeding materials, fertilizers, and soils. The directions are clear, and the book should prove 11-ilderD. Bawcvojt serviceable to those for whom it is written. of Agriculture.
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