186
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
JANUARY,
1930
three typed of units in each of the sections was roughly consistent with the general increase. More junior colleges were reported from California, Iowa, Missouri, and Texas than from others. Nevertheless, the number of different states in which one or more units are in operation is large. I n 1927 there were only 9 states without junior colleges and the number is probably even smaller a t this writing. Dates of Establishment
It was possible t o obtain information concerning the year of establishment of juaior-college work for 303 of the total of 325 units in operation in 1927. These data have been compiled cumulatively for each type and for all types of junior colleges, with the results shown in Figure 1. I n interpreting these data, one should keep in mind the fact that they do not include junior colleges in operation some time during the full period represented, but discontinued prior t o the school year 1926-27. Units of the private type are reported to have appeared first, hut we may .doubt whether they were b a a fide manifestations of the junior-college movement. Increase among private junior colleges, nevertheless, largely determined the growth of the movement as a whole over a period of almost fifteen years, and outnumbered the other types throughout. The fint examples of the public type made their appearance shortly after the opening of the century, but this type did not manifest rapid development until about 1914 and 1915. Since that time the rate of its growth has been an accelerated one. Units of the state type were last to appear, and their increase has been slower than that of other types. Because the figure does not include junior colleges discontinued before 1926, it cannot disclose the fact that the earliest examples of the state type were in operation in 1910 and 1911. The curve for all junior colle~esin the figure indicates that almost all the arowth o f these institutions has t&en $$ace d&ng the d&tfifteen or twenty years. In f a c t only 38 of the 303 units represented were in operation in 1912. only seventeen years ago. It would be difficult to overemphasize the importa&e of a development of such rapidity. One way of stressing i t may be by comparison with the growth and present status of colleges and universities. There are listed annually in the Educaiional Directory of the United States Bureau of Education about seven hundred such higher institutions, not including state normal schools, teachers' colleges, and junior colleges. This number includes, of course, many feeble four-year institutions. It represents a development extending over the period of approximately three centuries since the establishment of H-rd College in 1638. For this new organiealion, the junior college, yirtually &kin a period of twenty years to increase the count of its representatives to more than hav the total number of colleges and zmiuersitk i s extraordinary. This development could not have came about without the influence of fundamental forces, of which those who have t o do with American education should take cognizance. The brief scope of this article precludes even listine - them. But the remarkable develo~mentand present status alone are evidence enough that the junior college must he taken seriously into account by all those who would shape the destinies of secondary and higher education in America. ~
New Finish for Aluminum. A new, simple, and cheap method of givingalnminum a dead white finish is described by Leon McCulloch, research chemist of the Westinghonse Electric and Manufacturing Co., in a report to the American Electrochemical Society. The metal is boiled in milk of lime to which a little calcium sulfate is added. The new coating will he tested as a base upon which to apply paints and enamels to aluminum.-Science Senrice
