book reviews number of accounts of physical methods illustrating the character of the informs, tion obtained by esch method and a critical assessment of the value and limitation of the method, rather than details of the method itself. The individual authors, esch expert in his field, have met these aims well. The areas covered are diffraction methods, thermoehemistry, and a wide variety of spectroscopic methbd? (X-ray, uv, ir, ORD and CD, epr, nmr, MBsshauer, and photoelectron). Each chapter is well referenced, averaging about ninety citations per chapter. The editors themaeives have written a ohapter comparing the merits and inherent limitatiom of the different methods discussed. Students would do well to rend this ohapter for perspective before studying other chapters, and then to return to this chapter for detail after gaining some further understanding of individual methods. This book is written a t a. level intermediate between that which introduces the student to methods of structure determination and that whioh treats in depth a. single method. Accordingly, it would not be the first source to recommend to a student for mast of t,he topics covere& Exceptions to this would be fhe chapters on X-ray spectroscopy by Bonnelle, molecular photoelectron spectroscopy by Turner, and solution thermochemist,ry hy Christensen and Iaatt. The latter is the best source on inorganio thermometric t,itration calorimetry that t,his revieu,er has seen. The chapter dealing with diffraction methods by Prout assumes a familiarity with general procedures and emphasis is placed on possible sources of error. Included in the examples are several "re* sonable" electron density maps obtained for an incorrect structure. This chapter should he profitable to the student already possessing some knowledge of the field.
The impact of quantum mechanics on chemical practice is well illustrated by the chapters on spectroscopy. Hamiltonians of varying degrees of complexity appear liberally throughout most of the book and the interpretation of the va.rious kinds of spectra aepends on either an a priori or an empirical evaluation of the appropriate terms in the Hamiltonisn. The chapter on photoelectron spectroscopy illustrates the impact of the experimentalist on quantum mechanics. The reviewer fomd few points of view with which he disagreed. However, in the chapter on ORD and CD by Gillard the difficulty of analysis of overlapping CD spectra appears to be grossly overstated. The lack of emphasis on methods may disappoint some readers. Thus in the chapter on vibrational spectroscopy by Ware such new developments as laser Rrtman, interferometric methods for the far infrared, and compoter methods of obtaining force constants receive only taken coverage. Each chapter contains abundant examples of the application of the technique described therein to inorganic compounds. Teachers seeking fresh examples to illus-
trate structural studies will find this hook a welcome source.
New Pathways in Inorganic Chemistry
Edited by B. A . V . Ebsworth, University of Edinburgh, A. G . Maridock and A. G. Sharpe, hobh of the University of Cambridge. Cambridge Uninivsit,y Press, Cambridge (England), 1968. xxx 390 pp. Fi@. and tables. 14 X 21.5 cm. $13.
+
Among the men that have enabled and abetted the recent resurgence of inorganic chemistry, H. J. Emel4us ranks near the top. He i s prohably best known in the United States as the coauthor (with J. S. Anderson) of "Modern Aspects of Inorganic Chemisbry." In addit,ion to publishing over one hundred research papers, Professor EmelPus has supervised the education and training o f many students, some of whom have hecome notable chemists in their own right. Some of these students have now prepared s. bribute t,o their mentor in the form of a hook whioh is "dedicated to Harry Julius Emelkus t,o commemorate his sixty-fifth birthday and his contributions to inorganic chemistry." "New Pathways in Inorganic Chemistry" consists of fourteen chapters, each written by an EmelCns student and esch covering an area of currently active research. The chapder titla me: (1) Organometallic Cations (hy H. C. Clark); (2) Unusual Coordination Numbers (by A. J. Downs); (3) Gdlium Hydride and Its Derivatives (by N. N. Greenwood); (4) Properti- of Donor Solvent? and Coordination Chemistry in their Solutions (by V. Gutmann); (5) Perfluoropqendahalides and the Chemistry of Chlarofluoromethylsulphenyl Compounds (by A. Ham); (6) Polyflnoroalkylsilieon Compounds (by R. N. Haszeldine); (7) Fl~~oroalkylmercuri~ls (by 3. J. Lagowski); (8) Catenation in Inorganic Silicon Compounds (by A. G. MacDiarmid); (9) Metal-Metal Interaction in Paramagnetic Clusters (by R. L. Martin); (10) Amides as Non-aqueous Solvents (by R. C. Panl); (11) Defect Aggregation in Solid State Chemistry (by A. L. G. Rees); (12) Transition Met,%] Derivatives of Silicon, Germanium, Tin and Lead (by F. G. A. Stone); (13) Chemistry of Coordination Compound? of Schiff Bmes (by B. 0. West); and (14) Fluorosulphates (by A. A. Woolf). In addition. the editors have prepared s. brief &ntifio biography of Professor EmelBns and a list. of his research papers. The fourteen chapt,ersvary considerably in their scope and depth, hnt, t,aken as a unit, they give a very good idea of modern inorganic chemistry, with emphasis on the representative elements. It is no accident that most of these chapters concern areas in which Emelkus himself has made important, contributions. Indeed, about the only major fault in this volrme is the lack of a chapter on inorganic photochemistry-a mhject that, Emelhs did (Continued on page A660) Volume 46, Number 8, August 1969
/
A549
references following a table and pick out the most recent entries, a procedure that can occupy several minutes for some of the considerable re4eareh in and which play? a longer tables. major role in the preparation and inA spot check by the reviewer of several vestigation of inorganic compounds. All tables showed that very few important contributions are generally readable. The references had been missed, although there format and printing show good quality, were a few con~picuousomissions. For instance, the conductance data for KCI, and there are very few typographical NaC1, LiC1, and K I of Van Artsdalen and errors. Yaffe ( J . Phys. Chem., 59, 118 (1955)) are This book will appeal primarily to rereferenced in the tables of single salt melt search chemists, but will also be usefd as a conductances, hut the conductances of reference text in advanced or specialired mixtures of these salts reported in the same chemistry courses. article are not cited in the table of binary JOHN S. THAYBR system conductances. University of Cincinnati In spite of the minor deficiencies in Cincinnati, Ohio "Molten Salts Handbook," this reviewer very strongly recommends its acquisition by anyone actively pursuing research in this area. He has had it on hand in his Molten Salts Handbook own laboratory for several months and has found it to be tremendously useful as a George J . Janz, Renssels~rPolytechnic quick and convenient reference source Institute. Academic Press, New York, both for data and for literature references. 1967. 588 pp. Figs. and tables. $25. Professor Janz and, his group are to. he congratulated for the excellent job they This volume is the culmination of have done in this ambitious undertaking. several year's work by Professor Janz It is hoped they will continue with this and a large number of his graduate stuwork and issue revisions or supplements dents and pos&doctoral associates. It st regular intervals. attempts to provide for the reader a fairly complete tabulation of all data. CORNELIUS T. MOYNIHAN collected for molten salt systems up to the California State College mid-1960's and summarizes or cites at Los Angeles several thousand literature publications. The information in the book has been organized into five main elrtssifieations: Experimental Electronics. An Physical Properties, Thermodynamic Introductory Laboratory Manual for Properties; Electrochemical Properties, Physical Scientists Spectroscopy and Structure, and Practical Features. A sixth sect,ion is devoted to Richard J . Higgins, University of experimental techniques and includes Oregon, Eugene. McGraw-Hill Book illustrations of typical fused salt apparatus 186 pp. Co., New York, 1968. xvii and s. bibliography of source papers on Figs. and tables. 21.5 X 28 em. $4.50. the subject. Each of the five main secThe challenges of preparing our students tions consists of tables containing varito intelligently select and critically use the ously raw data, smoothed data. in equation products of a continuing instrumentation form, qualitative descriptions of results, revolution persist, as the variety and or merely a note that t~heproperty has been investigated for a particular system. complexity of available instruments and The original lit,erat,ure references are methods grow. Although a, bdanced response to these challenges requires an given in all cases. instructor to proceed well beyond the conA critical assessment of avdable data fines of s brief introduction to electronics, has been performed and "best value" an approach to "chemical instrnmentaequations comput,ed for density, viscosity, tion" from the perspective of electronics is surface tension, refractive index, and more than superficially attractive. An electrical conductance of single salt melts increasing number of "Electronics for . . as a frmdion of temperature. Other texts are available to provide a. foundation data are taken directly from the literature. for this approach; however, despite a Many of the data tables have been barrowed from other review sources. In consensus view that some sort of laborathese cases results reported suhsequent to tory experience is a necessary connterthe original compilation are given in point to a textbook introduction to elecseparate, supplementary tables. Contronics, there has been a dearth of collected experiments to accompany the ~equentlyin searching for a piece of information the reader may have to consult. newer texts. Higgins' "Experimental Electronics" is all of the tables in a given section, an obvious inconvenience. Data. retrieval is a welcome collection of 32 emeriments in facilitated, however, by a complete listing instrumentation electronics. The topics of d l tables in the table of contents and investigated are: dc measurements, inhy a chemicd compound index at the end cluding a Thevenin "black box" and the of the hook. pntentiometer (in a 3 experiments); Depending upon the property under ac measurements, including resonant circonsideration, the literature survey tercuits and transient response (3 experiminates in most cases anywhere between ments); diode charaeteristirs, rectification 1964 and 1966. I t would have been helpand filtering in power supplies, modulation ful if the dates of termination of the literaand detection (4 experiments); vacuum ture surveys had been listed with each triode amplifiers, both inverter and foltable; at the moment the only way to lower configurations (2 experiments); transistor characteristics and transistor estimate this is to scan through the list of
book reviews
+
."
~
A550
/
Journol of Chemical Edumtion
amplifiers, including a dc differential amplifier, B power amplifier, and s. lock-in amplifier (5 experiments), the SCR (1 experiment); aperntional amplifiers, including basic operilbions, analog simulation of a damped harmonic oscillator, and OA voltage regulation (4 experiments); oscillators (3 experiments); digital circuits, operations, and instruments (6 experiments); and last,, transmission lines (1 experiment). Each of t,he experiments requires between one and t,hree hours of work in the laboratory. The level of understanding and capacity for analysis demanded of the student are consistently high, yet not excessive; to encourage development of the student's initiabive and judgment, the author provides much less detailed outlines of approaches and techniques for later experiments than for the introductory ones. The reviewer's students (juniors in chemistry), who have done fifteen of these experiments, inter alia, in their inqtrumentation course this year, have responded very frtvorably to IIiggins' style and approach. The experiments offered by the author are designed to accompany J. J. Brophy's "Basic Electronics for Scientists'' (reviewed March, 1967, in THIS JOURNAL); Higgins' study problems (there are two t,o five for each experiment) are keyed to this t e x t , and frequent references to it appear. The experiments themselves m e of course compatible with other texts which offer comparahly analytical t,reatments of the same topics. With the exception of the operational amplifier and digital operations experiments, Higgins' manual is not tied to the test instruments or breadboard scheme of a specified manufacturer, although it might be noted that Hickoek Teaching Systems, Inc. of Cambridge, Mass., has developed a complete set of labborntory equipment to implement this collection of experiments. To provide a modular approach to OA and digital instrumentation, however, the author has written these sections specifically for use with Philbrick's IZP manifold and either the IIickock Logic Trainer or the Digital Equipment Corporrttion Logic Laboratory. Higgins notes that other choices are possible; the instructor exercising this option (choosing perhaps the lower-cost DEC "Computer Lab" far the digital experiments) will probably prefer use of the manufacturer's suggested experiments to the task of revising Higgins. An instructor's guide, containing detailed component and instrument reeommendations, many suggestions for modification of experiments or their adaptation to a. demonstrittian format, and teaching hints from the author's experience, accompanies the manual. I t should be particularly useful to an instructor approaching the problems of laonching an electronics laboratory for the first time, and even old hands will find something new in this supplement. This collection of experiments should interest all who seek to teach instrumentation electronics; in its coverage, its depth, and its style, it is an excellent contribution. Instrumentation practice in chemistry is well beyond its scope, hut instructors should find that experiments selected from it provide a solid foundation
