INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
1586 TABLE
XII.
RESISTANCE O F %FURALDEHYDE
PLASTIC TO
CHEMICAL
REAGENTS Reagent Distilled mater 2-Furaldehyde E t h y l acetate 3 % sulfuric acid 30% sulfuric acid I % sodium hydroxide 10% sodium hydroxide
Amount Absorbed,
Amount Soluble,
6.84 0.42
0.64 0.0 0.0 0.21
%
0.80
5,98
2.98 6.30 2.22
'
70
0.0 1.02 0.80
50% ethyl alcohol
0.82 2.07 Acetone 0.62 0.0 a Rubbed off on towel when wiped dry. b Did not r u b off on towel.
Color of Solution Colorless Amber Colorless Colorless Colorless Light yellow Faint yellow Colorless Faint yellow
Appearance of Surface of Sample Glossy Glossy Glossy Glossy Glossy Srnootha Glossy, b u t rough a n d blisteredb Glossy Glossy
to 14 cents per pound of finished product. Thus the materials cost of the finished articles using bromine as a condensing agent would be 12 to 16 cents per pound. If p-toluenesulfonic acid is used the cost will he about 25 cents per pound. SUBIU4RY
The effect of various additives on the strength propelties oi a plastic based on the polymerizing tendencies of 2-furaldehyde has been studied. It has been found that among suitable additives are secondary aromatic amines; certain furan derivatives such as furfurin, methylfuran, furfural acetone, 2,5-dimethylfuran, furfural acetophenone, fury1 acrolein, furfuryl alcohol, and furfuryl acetate; and ligninsulfonic acid or preferably mixtures of ligninsulfonic acid with one of the other additives. p-Toluenesulfonic acid has been found to be an excellent condensing agent, resulting in a product having good strength but free from acid-diffusion difficulties encountered with other acidic reagents. Bromine also has advantages as a condensing agent.
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The resulting product is a hard, shiny, black material which is readily cast and which shows excellent resistance to chemicals., Products having flexural strengths up to 3800 pounds per square inch have been produced. Raw material costs are estimated betrveen 12 and 25 cents a pound depending upon the condensing agent used. LII'ERATURE CITED
(1) Bruins, P. F., Ph.D. thesis, Iowa State College,
1934. (2) Harvey, 11. T., C. S. Patent 2,481,510(1949). (3) Kappeler, Hans, Brit. Patent 293,872 (1927). (4) Kappeler, Hans, French Patent 697,169 (1930). (5) Kappeler, Hans, Swiss Patent 133,387 (1927). Ibid., 133,707-12 (1927). Ibid., 146,561 (1929). Kappeler, Hans, C . S.Patent 1,873,599 (1932). Kline, G. M., IND. ENG.CHEX, 41,2132-7 (1949). Mains, G. H., and Phillips, bIax, C'hem. & M e t . Eng., 24, 661-3 (1921). Mevnier, G., French Patent 472,384 (1916). Moss, W. H., and White, B., Can. Patent 303,697 (1930). Novotny, Emil, C. S.Patent 1,827,824 (1932). Phillips, Max, Ibid., 1,750,903 (1930). Richardson. L. T., I h i d . , 1,584,144 (1926). Ibid., 1,682,934 (1928). Stenhouse, J., Ann., 35, 301 (1840); Phil. Muo., 18, Ser. 3, 1224. (1841). Sweeney, 0. R., and Arnold, L. IC, Iowa Eng. Esp. Sta., Bull. 169 (1950). Trickey, J. P., and RIiner, C. S., U. S.Patent 1,665,233 (1928). Ihid., 1,665,235 (1928). Trickey, J. P., Miner, C. S., and Brownlee. H. J,,IND.Ex
