NEW PRODUCTS Chemicals and Materials
SYNTHETIC LACTIC ACID An old material is revifalized by a new production method
Synthetic lactic acid’s commercial debut has caused fast repercussions in the business. American Maize, a long time producer by the fermentation route, will withdraw from the market since it feels that synthetic methods are more economical and will lead to lower prices in the future. Too, lower levels will invariably mean more use for lactic acid. Monsanto began to make synthetic lactic at Texas City, Tex., in December. T h e plant has a rated capacity of 10 million pounds a year and can easily be expanded by another SO%, according to Monsanto. This facility can supply the total domestic market. Some 7 million pounds were consumed in 1962, of which 2 million pounds were imported. Before the Monsanto move, all domestic lactic acid was made by fermentation of dextrose, whey, or molasses. Method. Synthetic lactic is made from lactonitrile (acetaldehyde cyanohydrin), a by-product of Monsanto’s acrylonitrile operation. T h e acid hydrolysis process produces crude lactic acid, ammonium salts, and a mixture of monomeric acid and linear polyesters. T h e material is further treated by ion exchange and refined with activated carbon. T h e product is then diluted to salable concentrations. T h e corrosive nature of the reaction mixture requires the use of glass-lined reaction vessels and poly-
ester- and phenolic-lined piping and storage tanks. Well over 50% of the total production of lactic acid is used for food acidulants and bakery emulsifiers. T h e advent of a stable, rigidly controlled product is expected to give an impetus to the nonfood uses of this highly reactive material, according to Monsanto. T h e synthetic lactic acid, offered in aqueous concentrations of 55% and SS%, is optically inactive, water white, heat stable, nonvolatile, and contains no resitdual sugars which might produce unwanted side reactions during storage periods. Its dual nature, characterized by a carboxyl group and an a-hydroxy group allows it to undergo reactions both as an organic acid and as an organic alcohol. Industrially the material has been used for tanning, textile finishing, lithography, and oil well acidification. Bthyl and butyl lactates have long been recognized as solvents for nitrocellulose and ethylcellulose lac-
quers because of their high solvent power and good moisture producing characteristics at the high-boiling end of lacquer solvent formulations. These esters are potentially useful in brushing and stripping lacquers, in certain emulsion coatings, and in printing inks for paper and textiles. Lactic acid esterification and subsequent acylation of these esters by mono- or polybasic acids results in diesters of relatively high molecular weights. A wide range of lactic ester reaction products including sebacates, adipates, phthalates, maleates, and succinates may be useful as plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride. Mono-, di-, or trilactates of glycerols can be formed by acid-catalyzed esterification procedures and further reacted wiith higher carboxylic acids to make alkyd resins. Lactic acid-furfural condensation can make thermosetting resins useful in liquid protective coatings. 201
(Continued on page 56) VOL. 5 6
NO. 2
FEBRUARY 1964
55
ADDlTiONAQ CHEMICALS AND MATERIALS
the
Liquid Nylon Coating. A clear coat, capable of resisting aircraft fuels, oils, phosphate hydraulic ester fluids, water and salt spray, is useful for sealing tanks, pipelines, and drums. Applied by conventional means, Nycote 7-11 adheres well to metals, resists impact and abrasion, and retains its flexibility at temperatures from -70” F. to 300” F. Nycote Corp. 202
a complete testing service to help you apply fhe
multiple-hearfh furnace on DRYING ROASTING CALClNI N0 DECOMPOSING INC I NERAT ING
18” four hearth Skinner Furnace for continuous pilot plant work.
all under zoned atmospheric control
18” one hearth Skinner Furnace for batch laboratory tests.
The Skinner Multiple-Hearth Furnace is used for treatment of materials from %” t o extreme fine sizes. It is capable of efficiently handling a mixture of sizes simultaneously. With six different types: from one basic design, hundreds of materials have been, or can be, handled by Skinner Furnaces.
buy or lease, or use our facilities The Skinner Plan makes available to you continuous pilot plant or batch laboratory unit.. . on purchase or lease, or use of our facilities in Denver .,.whatever arrangement best meets your requirements. This service is inexpensively solving many process problems. Perhaps it can help you. MORE THAN 40 YEARS OF ENGINEERING AND MANUFACTURING EXPERIENCE ON SKINNER FURNACES AND OTHER PROCESSING EQUIPMENT
Send in this coupon or eall244-4353, Denver urea code 303 MINE AND SMELTER SUPPLY CO. Dept. IE-4,3800 Race St., Denver, Colorado, 80216 Gentlemen: I would like t o have: ( 1 Your Skinner Catalog No. 163. ( 1 Additional information on the Skinner Plan of testing service. Name............................................................................................................................... Position........................................................................................................................... Company..........................................................................................................................
Circle No. 15
56
on Xardors’
Service Card
INDUSTRIAL AND E N G I N E E R I N G CHEMISTRY
Polyester Resins. A series of 14 general-purpose resins are recommended for reinforced plastic end products, premix molding compounds, protective surfacing, and casting applications in the chemical, petrochemical, construction, and aerospace fields. These Koplac resins have been designed to give a range of reactivities, gel strengths, and physical and chemical properties. Koppers Co., Inc. 203 Pyrozinc Plating Process. A zinc plating with good color and conversion characteristics can be deposited by a noncyanide bath. Pyrozinc-B process offered as a replacement for the typical zinc plating process is claimed to virtually eliminate the effluent treatment required to neutralize the cyanide wastes. HansonVan Winkle-Munning Co. 204 Niobium Refractory Coating. A niobium powder X P 1132 offered for flame spraying operations is claimed to produce lightweight, hard, and abrasion resistant coats. Rletco, Inc. 205 Ground Foam Adhesive. A wateractivated foam offered for rebonding ground urethane and latex foams offers low viscosity with efficient bonding. Nopcobond SX159 with a viscosity of 600 to 900 cp. is easily pumped and sprayed and is curable in 3 to 4 minutes at 250” F. to 350” F. Nopco Chemical co. 206
Dry Lubricated Tape. Applied to wear surface areas, a lubricated tape with adhesive backing can be diecut to various shapes and sizes. Slik-Tape, recommended for field applications or on assemblies, where sprayed-dry lubes are not feasible, can be applied to file slides or diecut to irregular shapes to provide a light load thrust bearing. EverLube Corp. 287
DTi
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ADVERTISED PRODUCTS INDEX
FULL INFORMATION
EQUIPMENT
. . . . . . . . . . 73 Containers & Pressure Vessels . . 517 Furnaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13,21 Spray Nozzles . . . . . . . . . . 22 Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
Air Separators
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INSTRUMENTS Colorimeters.
........... ..........
501
...........
36
Cryogenerators Viscometers
508
. . . . . . . . .525 Ceramic Colors . . . . . . . . . . 511 Chemical Processing . . . . . . . 526 Chlorocarbon . . . . . . . . . . . 523 Caprylyl
pc
000 0
Chloride
............. Graphite Anodes . . . . . . . . . Ion Exchange Resins . . . . . . . Furfural
17 510
In
E . r - E0 k3Rcleip
2 W
2
%
n
z
e
43
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 530 Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
Leather
............ Propane Sultone . . . . . . . . .
509
.............
503
........... Tertiary Phosphites . . . . . . . Textiles . . . . . . . . . . . . .
505
Plasticizers
Solvents
Surfactants
PLACE STAMP
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524 529
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REDWOOD CITY, C A L I F O R N I A VOL 56
NO. 2
FEBRUARY 1964
59
INSTRUMENT VALUE NEWS! take a look at viscosity m e a s w e m e ~ z t f ~ o mthis pemzies instead of dollars poiqxt of v i e w . . . Here are some cost-to-value ratio facts that present welcome relief from today’s spiraling cost crush. Look a t the value that backs Brookfield Synchro-Lectric Viscometers. From this point o f view, here‘s what you find: Initial cost: From $395 for the 4 speed models to $460 for the 8 speed models, including spindles and carrying case. More important, the instrument i s so versatile you can measure any fluid material-in centipoises, in seconds, i n the plant, the lab or the field. This versatility means you’re spending pennies, not dollars per determination.
0
Operation, so simple any non-technically trained person can use a Brookfield viscometer with absolute precision. Flip a switch, read the dial . . . that’s all there is to it. You’re spending pennies, not dollars, i n personnel time. 0 Maintenance is a breeze, because for all practical purposes, there isn’t any! Just a quick rinse for the spindles, that’s all. Brookfield design and construction has proven its reliability the world over. There are thousands still in use that are over 15 years old! With Brookfield you spend pennies, not dollars for maintenance!
Want More Facts? They are available upon request.
ENGl NE E R l N G L A B 0 R A T O R I E S INCORPORATED
LITERATURE
Inert Fluorochemical Liquids, Covers radiation resistance, surface properties, chemical stability, high temperature characteristics, and electrical properties, along with applications data o n two new liquid fluorochemicals. T h e 311 Co. 205 Tenite Polypropylene. A product distinguished from other polypropylene plastics by exceptional moldability and ultrahigh purity. An eight-page booklet illustrates current applications, including .properties of extruded film by the chill-roll process. A table gives chemical resistance, and a list suggests formulations for typical end uses. Eastman Chemical Products, Inc. 209 Plastic Molding Compounds. Contains 28 illustrations and 8 tables of properties on eight plastic molding compounds and resins: chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, nylon 6, alkyd and diallyl phthalate, melamine and urea phenolics, polyesters, and A-C polyethylene pipe compound. Allied Chemical Corp. 210 €lame SpTayed Cermet Coatings. Describes properties and characteristics of new cermet coatings at high temperatures and conditions of intense wear. Also listed are potential applications of these nickel alumina and zirconium mixtures. Technical Bull. 149A. hIctco, Inc. 211
Rubber Cord and Tubing. Lists 70 pages of specification information, materials selector chart, and listings of silicone, butyl, Hypalon, vinyl, and rubber tubings, Catalog 1263. hiinor Rubber Co., Inc. 212 Corrosion Resistant Cements. Describes chemical resistance and physical properties of corrosion resistant mortars for floor and tank construction. Also includes mixing and application instructions. Bull. M-64. T h e U. S . Stoneware Co. 213
Electrical Conductivity Chart. Provides data on the electrical conductivity of aqueous sulfuric acid at 2 5 O C. and is designed to cover the range of specific conductance from 0 through 0.85 and from 0 to 100% by weight sulfuric acid. Industrial Instruments, Inc. 215 Lauroguanamine. Describes the physical and chemical properties of a reactive triazine with typicaI reactions and suggested uses. No. SP-9-1163, Olin Chemical Co. 216 Flame Retarder. Describes applications and performance of Celluflex CEF in polyurethane foams, polyvinyl acetate paints, nitrocellulose lacquers, and polyester glass laminates. Flame retardance of listed formulations is emphasized, along with the material’s ph)sical and ch: mic;il propertics. Cclanese Corp. 217 Conductive Epoxy Adhesives. Details the nature of electrically conductive epoxy adhesives, cements, and solders. Includes selection and application data on 19 different types along with volume resistivities and tensile strengths. Chomerics, Inc. 218 Rotary Mechanical Seals. Outlines applications and performance of seven seal ring grades of hard carbides. Evaluates performance in service involving extremes of abrasion, temperature, pressure, corrosive materials, and high rotary speed. Brochure B-900. Kennametal, Jnc. 219 Niobium Seamless Tubing. Details the performance of unalloyed niobium and 1% zirconium-niobium for nuclear and space applications including fuel element cladding and heat exchangers. Gives physical and nuclear properties for unalloyed niobium. Memorandum No. 35. Superior T u b e Co. 220 Expandable Polystyrene. Outlines a general purpose expandable polystyrene featuring uniformity of particle size, shelf life stability, and low density at rapid prefoaming rates. Data sheet 171-253. T h e Dow Chemical Co. 221
STOUGHTON 12, MASSACHUSETTS
BROOKFIELD VISCOMETERS
Ethocel Formulations. Describes three ethylcellulose formulations developed for applications requiring high heat distortion temperatures and high impact resistance at low temperatures. Bull. 171-248. Dow Chemical Co. 214
Circle No. 36 on Readers’ Service Card
60
I N D U S T R I A L A N D ENGINEERING C H E M I S T R Y
M o r e information is as near as your mailbox. Just circle the number of the item in which you are interested on the Readers’ Information Card.
NEW PRODUCTS
Equ@rnent esses which can be controlled by varying speed load. Controlled slippage is obtairied by allowing oil to stream continuously out of orifices in the rotating housing while a throttling valve is used to control flow into the active circuit. Fluid Drive Engineering Co. 303
High Vacuum Pumps
A series of nine pumps with speeds ranging from 50 to 12,000 liters per second are designed for a variety of vacuum applications from lo4 to below 10-1O torr. These VacIon pumps may be used for vacuum evaporators, particle accelerators, mass spectrometers, and varied physical and chemical experiment. Varian Associates. 305
Fluidized Bed Dryer
A unit designed for rapid drying of pharmaceuticals, food, and nonheat sensitive chemicals can dry material containing to 30% moisture in batches of 100 to 125 pounds. An air stream through the material transforms it into a fluidized state, prevents case hardening of particles, and cuts drying time from eight hours to 20 to 30 minutes. F. J. Stokes Corp. 30 1
Industrial Autoclave Systems
lightweight Piston Motor
A variable speed 0.4-hp. motor weighing 31/4 pounds has an aluminum-alloy housing machined and hard coated for high resistance to erosion, corrosion, and wear. Capable of achieving speeds of 9500 r.p.m., this air-driven motor is so designed and counterweighted to assure smooth, vibrationless operation at all speeds. Humphrey Products. 302 Variable Speed Fluid Drive
Eleven sizes of Acqua-Vari units from to 1000 hp. and speeds to 4500 r.p.m. are available for proc-
Climbing Film Evaporater
An all-glass shell, tubular evaporator with 60 square feet of working surface area can evaporaite 600 pounds of water an hour operating at 26 inches of mercury vacuum and 20 p.s.i. steam pressure. T h e unit designed to fulfill pilot plant or full production rates has application in processing antibiotics, ammonium persulfate, and heat sensitive organics. Corning Glass Works. 304
Autoclaves varying in sizes-as long as 25 feet and as large in diameter as 12 feet-are designed for bonding, forming, and laminating and curing under heat and high pressure. Included in the system is a control console which contains a strip chart recorder with burn-out protection, a 24-hour programmed pressure controller, excess temperature cutoff, and start-stop stations with pilot lights and an audible alarm system. Tenney Engineering co. 306 (Continued on page 62)
by the manufacturer. They are f.0.b. point of manufacture and subject t o change without notice.
VOL. 5 6
NO. 2
F E B R U A R Y 196.4
bl
ADDITIONAL NEW EQUIPMENT
High Pressure Air Valve. A valve capable of operating to 10,000 p.s.i. and temperatures to 250" C. is claimed to decrease stem wear by enclosing the valve stem tip in an O-ring seal. T h e use of this polymeric ring is claimed to reduce the force needed to seat the valve and to greatly lower the usual attrition. Pressure Products Industries, Inc. 307 Fluidized Solids Pump. Pneumatic elevation for reclaiming ground storage to adjacent process bins, increased capacity to 380 barrels per day with a 6-inch diameter screw, and centerline discharge design along with the standard right and left angle arrangements are additions to the basic Fuller-Kompact pump claimed to make this unit more attractive to the chemical, cement, and mining industries. Fuller Co. 308 Desuperheater. A unit capable of a 50 to 1 turndown can desuperheat steam to 10' F. above saturation, at water pressures no higher than the entering pressure of tlhe
main steam flow. T h e Annular Venturi Orifice, with no moving parts, is claimed to be maintenance free. Schutte and Koerting Co.
LITERATURE
309 High Speed Pumps. Close coupled, single stage centrifugal pumps available in capacities to 50 g.p.m., heads to 2000 feet, and speeds to 24,000 r.p.m. are suited to any solids-free liquid applications with end or side suction mounting. These light weight pumps have a motor and gear range to 50 hp. and 5 1 / 2 to 1 ratio. Allis-Chalmers. 31 0 Vapor Recovery System. A packaged system that passes vapor laden air through an activated carbon bed is said to recover nearly all the solvent normally lost to the atmosphere. T h e unit, claimed to return solvent for reuse, also provides clean air within the plant and prevents outside air pollution. These sys[ems available in capacities from 700 to 7500 cu. ft. per minute have been used successfully with acetone, Freon TF, toluene, and other cleaning solvents. Hoyt Mfg. Corp. 31 1
tanks. Vanual Equipment Co.
Slurry Storage Agitators. Contains 68 pages of specifications, drawings, data, and case histories concerning heavy duty slurry agitators developed f o r large diameter AZ-Bl5. Denver 312
Pipe L i n e Mixer. Details the operating principle of a rotor-stator mechanism for mixing solids a n d liquids, liquids a n d liquids, a n d liquids a n d gases within a pipe line. Bull. hTI-BI. Wemco Div., A. G. JIcKee 8r Co. 313 Horizontal Motors. Combines information formerly published i n separate bulletins with new information o n improved design, construction features, and materials. Introduces the Insulife system based o n double-clad wire insulation utilizing a n outer linear formulated film plus a n inner layer of cross-link film to give high heat stability, high dielectric characteristics, a n d resistance to aging. Brochure No. F2097. U. S. Electrical Motors. 314 Lightweight Fume Scrubber. Describes the installation and operation of a lightweight inline fume scrubber. Includes constructon features, capacities, a n d engineering data. Bull. TW61. T h e U. S. Stoneware Go. 315
N O CONTAMINATION
N O CORROSION
Material is forced through flexible tubing-never touches pump. Volume is controlled by size of tubing and speed of pump. Several sizes and types with or without drives and speed controls provide the answer to most problems. PUMP SEVERAL DIFFERENT LIQUIDS SIMULTANEOUSLY:
Some models accommodate up to four tubes at one time -will pump different liquids - different FEED AND MIX: One or more tubes can be feeding material to a mix while a larger tube is recirculating the liquid to produce agitation and thorough mixing. Viscous materials can be pumped without danger of gumming or plugging. Remove tube and pump is clean. METER ADDITIVES: One or more additives can be pumped to a solution in the exact amount desired by selecting the correct size of tubing and regulating pump speed. A wide range of combinations is available with standard tubing. Sampling c a n be accomplished auto.
Capacities from .05 cc to 4.5 GPM. Write for complete information on sizes and prices.
SIGMAMOTOR, I n c . 67 North Main Street
Middleport, New York ~
Circle No. 21 on Readers' Service Card
62
iNDUSTRlAL A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
Gas Engine Compressors. Details features and advantages of a system of large two-cycle compressors. Incorporates performance charts, details o n constant pressure turbocharging, packaging a n d field operations, plus illustrations showing compressor components, dimensions, and specifications for three separate horsepower sizes. Bull. 221. Clark Bros. Div., Dresser Industries, Inc. 316 Customized Centrifugal Pumps. Describes centrifugal pumps built to suit exact requirements b u t made of cost saving, standard components for the process, chemical, petroleum, a n d petrochemical industries. Bull. 2004BIB. It'orthington Corp. 317 Leakproof Chempumps. Describes the advantages of two Series GP pumps available in 1150 and 1750 r.p.m. Also includes performance curves, general specifications, a n d explosion proof design. Bull. 2070. Fostoria Corp. 318
Explosive Valve-Pressurized Cylinders. Outlines performance of a series of explosive valves that provide pressurization for inflating devices, purging or pressurizing systems, moving actuators, and operating gyros. Included in the manual are aerospace applications and technical data for design engineers. Eager-Pak Manual. Conax Corp.
Harshaw Exporta
319
Metering Pumps. Describes the full Wallace & Tiernan metering pump line. Includes descriptions of diaphragm and plunger pumps. Catalog 400.00. Wallace & Tiernan, Inc. 320 Source Thickener. Describes a helicoid cross collector with antifouling and sludge-kneading features designed to permit an economical transfer of sludge from primary tank hoppers in the thickest possible condition. Bull. 274103-A. Walker Process Equipment, Inc.
HARSHA W EXPORTE
321
Capabilities Report. Briefly outlines the engineering and research and manufacturing capabilities of the com. pany's scientific equipment department. Offered as a complete customer service. Report 99-000. Westinghouse. 322 Solids Processing Equipment. Covers equipment designed for continuous and semicontinuous drying, heating, cooling, b h d i n g , and dispersion. Also covers two new items for heat transfer, mass transfer, and reaction. Strong Scott Manufacturing Co. 323
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I
L
High Tannage Spray Dryers. Outlines technical services and test faalitiea available for special advisory work and engineering advice for carefully engineered spray dryers. Bull. 32. Bowen Engineering, Inc. 324
L
CERAMIC A COLORS 1 WE INVITE YOUR REQUEST FOR LITERATURE AND COMPLETE INFORMATION
L
1
-- I
Solvent Extraction Mixer-Settler Units. A twecolor diagrammatic flowsheet of a ninesell circuit is available. The units mix and advance aqueous and organic phases countercurrently. Pregnant aqueous phase transfers its load to the organic phase which in turn is bled from the cell, stripped of its load, and returned to the circuit. Denver Equip ment Co. 325
I
I
Write to: Export Division C
A THE
HARSHAW CHEMICAL
Tank-Cleaning Unit. A service bulletin describes cleaning of all sizes of truck and railroad tankers as well as bulk holding tanks 75 feet in diameter. The unit described, designated Model 621, weighs only 30 pounds and is easily handled by one man. Bull. 71B. Oak. rite Products, Inc. 326
More information is as near as your mailbox. Just circle the number of the item in which you are interested on the Readers' Information Cord.
-
HARSHAW EXPORTS
COMPANY 1945 E. 97th St. 0 Cleveland 6, Ohio, U. S.A. Cable Address: HARSHAW-CLEVELAND
I I
NEW PRODUCTS
Instruments tion, strain, pH, and flow rate. Weighing only 18 pounds, the basic unit sells from $715 up. Dynatronic Instruments Div., Lab-Line Instruments, Inc. 402
Direct Reading Conductivity Meter
McLeod Gage
An easy-to-clean gage with a glassball check valve requires less than 10 ml. of mercury to cover the range of 5 microns to 5 mm. of mercury absolute pressure. Damage to the unit is prevented by including the borosilicate glass-ball check valve in the polypropylene vacuum connection. T h e gage, along with a square foot scale for high vacuum measurements, lists for $67.50. VirTis Co. Div., Cenco Instruments Corp. 401
Designed for on-the-spot testing of water mineral content, the DipChek instrument is available for cooling tower and waste water testing requirements. Three ranges, 10 to 200 grains per gallon, 250 to 5000 p.p.m., and 0 to 50 p.p.m. as sodium chloride, are included along with an automatic water temperature compensator. Price of the standard model is $40. Comroe Laboratories, Inc. 403
A potentiometric
IO-inch recorder designed for general laboratory work in chemical and petrochemical applications is available in six models with ranges from 1 mv. to 10 volts. T h e Graphicorder-10, when used with spectrophotometers, pyrometers, pH meters, and other analytical instruments, records and measures variables convertible into d.c. voltages such as thermal conductivity, posi64
T h e Series 362 measurement device collects output energy in a copper cone where it is measured by a copper Constantan thermocouple as total temperature increase. T h e temperature measured in joules is analogous to the laser output energy. Price of the calorimeter is $185. Maser Optics, Inc. 405 Superconducting Magnet System
Rubber Testing Apparatus Strip Chart Recorder
Laser Calorimeter
An instrument designed to continuously measure processing characteristics of rubber mixes is offered for pilot and factory control operations. Cure, extrusion characteristics, plasticity, elastic stiffness, and flow resistance are among some of the important properties which may be evaluated. T h e instrument, manufactured under a license from Firestone Tire and Rubber Co., is priced at $3995. Testing Machines, Inc. 404
INDUSTRiAL AND E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y
Offered for use in high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer systems, the apparatus gives a resonance signal from water protons at 60 Mc. with the magnet operating at 14,000 gauss. A homogeneity of one part in 106, absolute stability, lightweight, and low power consumption are some of the advantages listed for this instrument, available in the $10,000 price range. A pulsed N.M.R. spectrometer system PS-GOA, and a nuclear quadrupole resonance spectrometer NQ60 are also offered. N.M.R. Specialties, Inc. 406
Prices quoted are those submitted b y the manufacturer. They are f.0.b. point of manufacture and subject to change without notice.
ADDITIONAL NEW INSTRUMENTS
Proportional Output Controller. Temperature controller No. 7187 offering close-limit control, warning lights for 1" C. temperature deviations, and long operating life combines both control and alarm functions and provides almost straight line temperature control with a minimum of temperature fluctuation. Apparatus Control Div., Honeywell. 407 Gas Chromatographs. Aerograph 202, a dual column instrument with a proportional flow controller and flowmeter, contains a separate detector oven which can be programmed at 30" C . per minute to 400" C. T h e 202 incorporates either dual flame or dual-input thermal conductivity detectors while the 1520 contains both of these refinements. A deluxe programmer standard on 1520 and optional on 202 controls temperatures, oven doors, and re-establishes the starting temperature. Wilkens Instruments & Research, Inc. 408 Liquid Level Gage. Offered for use where mechanical or visual systems are impractical, the instrument offers accuracy within 3% over full scale, low heat loss for cryogenic applications, and probes for a wide range of liquids and container depths. This gage, operating through a temperature range of -269" to 200" C., can be used for any nonconducting liquid with a difference in the dielectric constants of its liquid and gaseous phases equal to or greater than liquid helium. Westinghouse Scientific Equip. Dept. 409 Current-to-Air Positioner. This instrument, utilizing a d.c. input signal to energize a coil within a permanent magnet, changes the position of a pivoted flapper with respect to an air nozzle. A pneumatic relay reflecting the change of pressure in the nozzle applies output p r e s s u r e to a valve motor which then positions the valve plug in proportion to the control signal. Accuracy of Model 69 PA is *0.5% of input-output ranges and calibration adjustments can be made without loss of Class I, Group D, Div. 1 explosion-proofing. The Foxboro Co. 41 0
LITERATURE
Flow Monitor a n d Detector. Covers three flow detectors used for continuously measuring p-radioactivity in liquid and gas chromatography. Also included are descriptions of the spectrometers used with the various detectors and typical mass and radioactivity curves. Bull. 1021. Packard 41 1 Instrument Co. High Sensitivity Chromatographs. Outlines operation of four basic models of high sensitivity chromatographs. Optional accessories and component specifications are also detailed. 700 Series. Jarrell-Ash Co. 412
Building Block Monochromator. Describes a special purpose monochromator featuring a single pass prism aLailable in 10 different materials with a choice of wave-length ranges from 0.2 to 45 microns. Bull. 109. T h e Perkin-Elmer Corp. 413 Combustion Indicator. Outlines an automatic control indicator for monitoring air-gas ratios in premix combustion systems which compensates for temperature, humidity, and chemical variables in the gas stream. Bull. 414 Q2-S. Selas Corp. (Continued on page 66)
IT'S A COLORIMETER AND SPECTROPHOTOMETER COMBINED
for less than the usual price of a colorimeter alone ! Only the B&L Spectronic 20 Colorimeter combines the fastest, most accurate colorimeter you can buy -with transmission range: 340mp-950mp; reflectance range: 400rnpc-700m,~. Just dial the wavelength you need. No filters, no fussing with slit width or sensitivity controls. The Certified-Precision Grating, with constant 20mp bandpass, instantly delivers monochromatic light of spectral purity unattainable with any other instrumenta t even 4 times the price. See for yourself, in your own lab. For complete information, please contact your nearest B&L representative, or write:
BAUSCH & L O M B W INTERNATIONAL DIVISION, ROCHESTER, N.Y. 14602, U. S . A . Cimle No. 501 on Readers' Service Card VOL. 5 6
NO. 2
FEBRUARY 1 9 6 4
65
Chi onid togia1)h) Supplies. Lists over 300 a \ ‘iilable gas chrornatographv phases, supports, accessoi ics, and column materials. 1964 cat‘ilog. Anal\ tical Enqineering Lab or&itolie$,I n c . 415
Position Transmitter. Describes the operation ol a differential transloriner instrument which can sense linear motion to 6 inches and transmit a proportional output signal to remote electric receivers. Bull. hlL-I 8.3-2. 416 Schutte and Koerting Co. Potentiostats. Outlines the operating principles and applications of a series of instruments recommended for corrosion rescarcli and electrochemical reactions in metals and alloys. Brink417 man Instruments. Proximity Sensors. Presents complete specifications concerning electrical data, operating characteristics, and applications data for ferromagnetic metal detectors. Also includcd are technical data sheets relating the most recent proximity switch developments. Catalog 85. Micro Switch Div. of Honey. well. 418
Controller Mode Selector. Outlines the techniques for selection of control modes [or process control instruments by defining basic control loops and then recommending appropriate control modes. Bull. 91-53P-08. Fischer & Porter Co. 419 Indicating Pneumatic Transmitters. Contains inlormation on operation, design leaturcs, and performance of a line OF transmitters designed for roixneter applications. B d l . DS-3500. Brooks Instrument Co., Inc. 420 Industrial Testing Devices. Covers recording, testing, digitizing, and sensing instruments including strip chart recorders, transistor and diode test equipiiiciit, ;ind pulse generators. Short Form Catalog. Industrial Products Group, Texas Instruments, Inc. 421 Controlled Magnetic Field System. Describes a controlled magnetic environmcnt which provides constant, precise, and uniform fields in the presence of natural and man-made magnetic disturbances. Also lists components and performance characteristics. Bull. 4606-3. Vickers Div., Sperry R a n d Corp. 422
No. SPRAY NOZZLES Industry’s largest selection of types, capacities and materials.
88
Surface Area Measuring Devices. Describes two instruments for measuring surface area, pore tolume ot finely c1i.r ided powders such as catalysts, carbon blacks, pigments, ceramics, and pharmaceuticals. Bull. AFA and MIC. Numec Instruments and Controls Corp. 424 Plastics Extrusion. Various applications of multipoint recorders are described in Bull. F-11903. O n e recorder can record extruder variables such ns melt capacity, output rate, temperature, and r.p.m. on a number of processes including sheet, film, tubing, wire coating, and paper coating. Barber-Colman Co. 425
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in the ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY SERIES
AZ EOTR0PIC DATA- I I For those chemists and chemical engineers who make or plan separations of multi-component mixtures by fractional distillation, AZEOTROPIC DATA-II is now available.
Most of the data are taken from the original literature, and from handbooks, review articles, etc. However, a number of companies supplied unpublished data. They are Commercial Solvents, Dow Chemical, Eastman Chemical Products, Farbenwerke Hoechst, Imperial Chemical Industries, Minnesota Mining and Union Carbide. If you are a petroleum chemist or chemical engineer, or an organic or physical chemist, you will find this book invaluable, as will workers in other fields of chemistry.
strainers in the
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analog control system design is described in a series of bulletins. Typical systems and more than 30 functions are also described. Bull. 19-301, -302, -303, -307, -400, and -501. Consolidated Electrodynamics Div., Bell & Howell. 423
This volume consists of 92 pages of tables plus a short introduction. The data are grouped under: I. Binary Systems (1674); II. Ternary Systems (251); and I l l . Quaternary Systems (12). Included are an empirical formula index and a bibliography.
SPRAY GUNS All types and capacities for all pressures. Complete selection of ns and hand valves for chemical application,
CATALOG 25
Function Modules. A new approach to
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INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
