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Estimation of Flow Property of Bulk Solids Using Inclined Plane. Flow properties of several powders and flow rates of powders along inclined plane measured by varying thickness of powder layer and inclination of plane. Resultspowders exhibited Bingham-plastic property and yield stress closely related to angle of repose. Akira Suruki and Tafsuo Tanaka, Hokkaido UnG
versity, Japan
Ms. 69-365
37 pages (1 2 figures, 1 table)
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I t Is Explicit in Pressure, Suitable for Nonpolar Gases in the Tr-1.0 region. It successfully predicts compressibility factors and enthalpy departures using only T,, and Pc. Mixing rules for the coefficients are developed and presented.
H . Sugie -and Benjamin C.-Y. Lu, University of Ottawa, Canada Ms. 6 9 - 4 2 7 3 9 pages ( 4 figures, 1 1 tables) I&EC Subscribers $8.00
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Two-Stage Process for the Production of pNitrobenzoic Acid Using Regenerated Chromic Acid. Oxidation of $-nitrobenzene with chromic and sulfuric acid and the electrolytic regeneration of chromic acid are described. Details of design, fabrication, and operational results of a 300-A cell are included. S. Chidambaram, S. Balagopalan, R . Kanakam, A . P . Shakunthala, M . S. V . Pathy, and H . V .
K . Udupa, Central Electrochemical Zwtitute, India Ms. 6 9 - 4 3 7 1 4 pages (3 figures, 5 fables) I&EC Subscribers $4.00
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Chemicals from Coal. Reviews the history to 1962 and discusses controlling influences of the past and what may be expected in future. The term “chemicals” covers primarily ammonia, the light aromatics (benzene, toluene, xylene), tar acids, tar bases, pitch, gas, and coke.
Howard R . Batchelder, Battelle Memorial Institute MS.69-448 1 2 pages ( 6 figures) ILEC Subscribers $4.00
dicted employing the excess volume of mixing polymer and solvent as the principal parameter.
of two fluids. Results are used to interpret flow with fluid injection a t wall, flow of foam, and
H . R. Osmers and A . B . Mefrner, University of Delaware MS.6 9 - 4 5 7 3 8 pages ( 4 figures, 5 tables) k E C Subscribers $8.00 Nonsubscribers $1 6.00
flow of polymers in porous media.
Degrees of Freedom in a Simple Fractionating Column. Computation shows that for a fractionating column with one feed and two products, four intensive properties all specified a t one location in the column are sufficient to define system completely. J . S. Forsyfh, University of British Columbia,
Canada MS.6 9 - 4 5 8 I&EC Subscribers $4.00
Axial-Dispersion Constant-Pattern Kinetics of Ion Exchange and Adsorption Columns. T h e combined effect of axial dispersions and mass transfer was studied for four controlling mechanisms-external mass transfer, solid diffusion, pore diffusion, and reaction kinetics-where equilibrium is governed by constant separation factor. Computed results are tabulated.
Robert E. Quilici and Theodore Vermeulen, University of California, Berkeley MS.6 9 - 4 6 7 36 pages (4 figures, 4 tables) I&EC Subscribers $8.00 Nonsubscribers $1 6.00 Interpretation of laminar Tube Flow with Wall layer of Different Compositions. Power law fluid model integrated for axial annular flow
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Heat of Adsorption of light Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures on Activated Carbon. A thermodynamic analysis based on Myers-Prausnitz theory. Equilibrium data are analyzed for calculation of heat of adsorption of methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, and n-butane and their mixtures, a t 100° to 400°F and to about 200 psia.
Charles F. Synder and KwanpChu Chao, Oklahoma State Universify Ms. 69-473 2 4 pages ( 9 figures, 1 table) I&EC Subscribers $6.00
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Effect of Temperature on tha Surface Wetting Rate of Cellulose Fibers. Describes a method of measuring rate of surface wetting of yarns. Against temperature, rates for cotton and rayon yarns produce double-segmented Arrhenius curves. Comparison with skein sinking tests suggests latter insensitive to rates which exceed 0.5 cm/sec.
Jane M . Kinnel and Fred H . Steigcr, Personal Products Company Mr. 6 9 - 4 7 4 2 9 pages (1 0 figurer, 1 table) I&EC Subscribers $6.00 Nonsubscribers $1 2.0
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Hydrofluoric Acid Reaction with a Porous Sandstone. Theory is developed for slow heterogeneous reaction in porous solid where the solid matrix is consumed. Reaction rate data are given for hydrofluoric acid reaction with a:porous sandstone.
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J . C . Reed, University of Tulsa Ms. 69-472 3 2 pages ( 8 figures, 1 table)
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B . B . Williams and M . W . Whiteley, E m Production Research Company MS.69-453 4 0 pages (1 8 figures, 3 tables) I&EC Subscribers $8.00 Nonsubscribers $1 6.00
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Diffusion i n Dilute Polymeric Solutions, Experimental solute diffusion coefficients always decreased from pure solvent values, but never by more than 20%. Diffusion rates are pre-
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O n Nonlinear System Identification. A theory is developed based upon Volterra Series expansion. A simulated physical system is used to test out the theory.
Y. Bard, I B M Corporation and L. Lapidus, Princeton University Ms. 6 9 - 4 7 5 21 pages (3 figures, 3 tables) l&EC Subscribers $6.00
Nonsubscribers $1 2.00
laser Radiation-Induced, Residue-Free, localized Decomposition of Some Plastics. Required characteristics of polymers for effecting such a process are discussed. CO2 laser-irradiative degradation of polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polyoxymethylene, poly(methy1 methacrylate), poly(-methylstyrene), and polytetrafluoroethylene was investigated. Laser energy utilization efficiencies were established.
Leo Parts, Edgar E. Hardy, and Margaret L. Rodenburg, Monsanto Research Cor$ Ms. 6 9 - 4 7 6 2 6 pages ( 6 figures, 5 tables) I&EC Subscribers $6.00 Nonsubscribers $1 2.00
Explanation of Some l u b e Oil Hydrocracking Results in Terms of Structure of Viscosity Index Scale. Two anomalous observations from lube oil hydrocracking development studies result from structure of Viscosity Index Scale. Alternative methods of rating the viscosity behavior of lubrication oils examined and an outline given of a more fundamental system.
Bernard Gillespie and F. A. Smith, Mobil Research and Development Corp. Ms. 6 9 - 4 8 4 2 9 pages ( 8 figures, 4 tables) I&EC Subscribers $6.00
Steady-State Technique for Measuring Ternary Diffusion Coefficients in liquid Systems. Simple, reliable equations are obtained for the calculation of the motive of diffusion coefficients from experimental data from a steadyflow diaphragm cell.
Arthur Kaufman and Carroll 0. Bennett, University of Connecticut MS.6 9 - 4 9 0 9 poges (3 figures) I&EC Subscribers $2.00
Computational and Experimental Studies on Moving Ion Exchange Bed. A moving ion exchange bed was studied experimentally using an ion exchange system of 0.1N NaCl and Amberlity IR-l20(H +). T h e computational simulation of the moving bed was found to be valid for predicting the experimental results obtained.
Shinichiro Gondo, Kyushu University; Masato Itai, Mitsui Shipbuilding and Engineering Go., Ltd., and Koichiro Kusunoki, Kyushu University, Japan MS.6 9 - 4 7 7 3 6 pages (1 0 figures) l&EC Subscribers $8.00
Nonsubscribers $1 6.00
Experimental Observalions of Sphere Migration in Couette Systems. Experimental measurements of radial migration of spheres in couette systems reported. Migration carries the spheres to midpoint of annular region. A correlation of experimental data is presented. J . S. Halow and G. B. Wills, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute MS.6 9 - 4 7 8
1 9 pages (5figures, 1 table) l&EC Subscribers $4.00 Nonsubscribers $8.00 Gas Separations with High-Flux Cellulose Acetate Membranes. High flow rates of helium through high-flux cellulose acetate membranes obtained, with good separation from nitrogen and methane. Temperature dependence of permeation rates for these and other gases is given.
Peter K . Gantrel and Ulrich Merten, Gulf General Atomic Inc. Ms. 6 9 - 4 7 9 9 pages (2 figure, 2 tables) I&EC Subscribers $2.00
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Semiempirical Correlation for the Thermal Conductivity of light Hydrocarbons. Derives a form a correlation from the approximate theory of Born and Green. The empirically modified equation for thermal conductivity predicts values which are in good agreement with experimental values.
Charles J . Vadovic and Kenneth E. Starling, Uniuersity of Oklahoma
MI.6 9 - 4 8 0
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Dynamics of Phase Growth in Viscous, NanNewtonian liquids. Initial Stages of Growth. Presents a theoretical model to describe vapor bubble growth. Numerical results given for initial growth in an infinite media show the effect of important variables.
J. R. Street, A. L. Fricke, and L. P. Reiss, Shell Development Go. Ms. 69-482 4 5 pages (1 0 figures, 2 tables) l&EC Subscribers $1 0.00 Nonsubscribers $20.00
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Conversion of Coal to Acetylene in ARC The acetylene concentraHeated Hydrogen. tion, yield, and energy requirements of the process are studied as functions of gas enthalpy and coal feed rates. Economic analysis shows that it can be competitive with other processes for producing acetylene.
R. E. Cannon, V. J . Krukonis, and T. Schoenberg, AVCO CorporationjATD OBce of Coal Research, Department of the Interior MS.69-491 10 pages ( 8 figures) I&EC Subscribers $2.00 Nonsubscribers $4.00 Novel Flame-Resistant Chlorine-Containing Polyester Resins. Unique unsaturated polyesters were prepared by coreacting 3,3,3-trichloropropylene oxide with maleic anhydride. The cross-linked formulations possess, in addition to excellent flame resistance and weatherability, high heat distortion values, good dimensional stability, low water absorption, and excellent chemical resistance.
H. C. Vott, P. Davis, E. J. Fujiwara, and K. C. Frisch, Wyandotte Chemicals Corporation Ms. 6 9 - 4 9 2 2 9 pages (1 2 figures, 6 tables) I&EC Subscribers $6.00 Nonsubscribers $1 2.00 Dynamlc Programming Simulation of the Electroslag Remelting Process. Statistical study made of changes in slag and ingot compositions during the electroslag remelting of three types of stainless steel. Results were incorporated in a dynamic programming simulation of process to predict optimum operating policy.
R. C. Gower, W. C. Hahn, Jr., and S. K. Tarby, Lehigh University Ms. 6 9 - 4 9 3 4 2 pages (6 figures, 11 tables) I&EC Subscribers $1 0.00 Nonsubscribers $20.00 Carbon Black Produced by the Pyrolysis of Coal. An electrically heated (125O-135O0C) benchscale unit gave yields of 20% by weight of hvab coal fed: Effects of operating variables are given. T h e black was evaluated as equivalent to F.T. commercial grade. Economics indicate 2.226/1b production cost.
Transesterification with polyether isocyanates produced fire-retardant rigid foams, self-extinguishing according to ASTM D-1692-59T. Aging tests showed no foam degradation.
Edwin J . Quinn, Armstrong Cork Company MS.6 9 - 4 9 8 15 pages ( 7 tables) I&EC Subscribers $4.00 Nonsubscribers $8.00 Flow of Single Phase Fluids Through Fibrous Beds. An effective pore model is proposed. Pressure drop data were obtained with various fibers and correlated through use of a generalized friction factor us. Reynolds number equation which takes into consideration the effect of fiber deflection.
C. P. Kyan, D. T. Wasan, and R. C. Kintner, Illinois Institute Ms. 6 9 - 4 9 9 38 pages (1 2 figures, 1 table) I&EC Subscribers $8.00 Nonsubscribers $1 6.00 Joule-Thomson Inversion Curve, Corresponding States, and Simpler Equations of State. A corresponding states correlation and empirical equation are given for Joule-Thomson inversion curve. None of the better, simpler equations of state (Van der Waals, generalized Dieterici, generalized Redlich-Kwong, or M a r tin) adequately characterizes the inversion curve.
Donald G. Miller, University of California at Livermore Mr. 6 9 - 5 0 0 2 0 pages ( 3 figures, 2 tables) I&EC Subscribers $4.00
Nonsubscribers $8.00
Studies on Heat Transfer to Non-Newtonian Fluids in laminar Flow in Horizontal Circular Tubes. The role of natural convection, effect of tube length to diameter ratio, and the correction factor for radial variation of apparent viscosity are discussed. Correlations are proposed to predict heat transfer coefficients separately for heating and cooling runs.
M . K. Ghosh and M . Raja Rao, Indian Institutt of Technology, India Ms. 6 9 - 5 0 3 3 3 pages (1 0 figures, 4 tables) &EC Subscribers $8.00 Nonsubscribers $ 1 6.00 Effect of Fillers on Wet Compressive Creep of Cellulose Acetate. Wet compressive creep of cellulose acetate was reduced markedly by reinforcing with solid fillers such as anhydrous aluminum silicate. Use of high molecular weight, or mild cross-linking, was much less effective than use of solid fillers.
Radolph D . Deanin, Lowell Technological Institute, and Bernard Baum, Stanley A. Margoszak, and Willaim H. Holley, Jr., DeBell @ Richardson, Inc. Ms. 6 9 - 5 0 5 7 pages ( 3 figures, 5 tables) I&EC Subscribers $2.00
Nonrubscribers $4.00
Petroleum Coke-Handling Problems. From the time petroleum coke is formed until it is converted into industrial carbon it is handled many times. Procedures for preventing degradation and avoiding contamination are recommended.
H . W . Nelson, Great Lakes Carbon Corporation MS.6 9 - 5 0 7 10 pages ( 2 figures, 3 tables) I&EC Subscribers $2.00
Nonsubscribers $4.00
G . E. Johnson, W. A. Decker, A. J . Forney, and of Mines, U. S. Dept. of the Interior, Pittsburgh Ms. 6 9 - 4 9 5 2 8 pages (6 figures, 6 tables) l&EC Subscribers $6.00 Nonsubscribers $1 2.00
Method for Plant Data Analysis and Parameters Estimation. Treated as a constrained least-squares minimization problem by using the interrelationships between process variables i n the steady-state conditions, the complex method was applied as the optimization technique.
Properties and Stability of Fire-Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foams from Phorphonopropionate Polyols. Addition of dialkyl phosphites to alkyl acrylates yielded 3-phosphonopropionates.
Masatoshi Nichio, Tomio Umeda, and Shoei Komatm, Chiyoda Chemical Engineering B Constructzon Go., Japan MS.6 9 - 5 0 9 3 6 pages ( 9 figures, 3 tables) I&EC Subscribers $8.00 Nonsubscribers $1 6.00
J. H. Field, Bureau
VOL. 6 1
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DECEMBER 1 9 6 9
87
RESEA RCH RESULTS
Reprints from Chemical & Engineering News
A New Reaction for Converting Alcohols to Unsaturates-BBT Procedure. Selective xanthate esters of cellulose, starch, PVA, cholesterol, propanol, etc., react at 25 to 100°C with protonic or Lewis acid catalysts a t pH's of 4 to 7 to give 20 to 7570 yields of olefins. Noel I. Burke, Douglas J . Bridgeford, and Albin F.
Carbene Chemistry
Turbak, Tee-Pak, Inc. MS.69-51 1 23 pages (2 figures, 6 tables) l&EC Subscribers $6.00 Nonsubscribers $1 2.00
Dr. Robert A. Moss Rutgers State University New Brunswick, N.J. June 16,1969 & June 30, 1969,20 pp.
754
Carbenes are important in t h e synthesis of cyclopropanes and far more highly strained small ring compounds and in fact, there's hardly a substrate, from stkroids to elemental nitrogen, that hasn't been "hit" with a carbene. 06169
Rubber A $16 Billion Industry 504
Rubber company interests now extend back t o petrochemical raw materials for their elastomers and spill over into other chemicals, textiles, metals, aerospace, nuclear energy and, most important of all, into plastics. 07149
Ethylene and Derivatives Trade Dr. James G. Tewksbury Chemarkets, Inc. Old Greenwich, Conn. July 28, 1969, 8 pp.
504
The relative position of t h e U.S. in ethylene derivative trade of major developed countries of t h e Free World has declined sharply in t h e past few years, although t h e effect is masked by moderate absolute ,increases in U.S. trade. No new approach is needed t o show t h e slide-almost any method of analyzing trade patterns including t h e one de. 07289 veloped here will do.
The Futures Business David M. Kiefer, C&EN 504
The vogue of long-range forecasting is spreading from the think tanks into t h e executive suite a s more companies and government agencies, in planning their operations, try to assess t h e future-or several futures08119 beyond tomorrow.
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Influence of Surface Properties on the Film Stability and Efficiencies of Distillation Columns. Comparison of contact angles of several binary liquid mixtures, measured under conditions of mass transfer, with reported packed column efficiencies at total reflux, provides an explanation for the dissimilar behavior exhibited by surface tension positive and negative systems.
Adrian P. Boyes and Anthony B. Ponter, C'niversiv of Manchester, England Ms. 69-51 3 25 pages (10 figures) I&EC Subscribers $6.00 Nonsubscribers $1 2.00 Influences of Catalysts Formulation and Poisoning on Activity and Die-off of l o w Temperature Shift Catalysts. Discusses die-off of copper containing catalysts used for low-temperature shift reaction in hydrogen and ammonia synthesis gas production. Poisoning by S, C1, and other impurities is shown it be major cause of loss of activity. A kinetic model is developed.
J . 5'. Campbell, Imperial Chemical Industries, En-
August 11, 1969, 16 pp.
gland Ms. 69-51 5
28 pages ( 1 0 figures, 5 tables) I&EC Subscribers $6.00 Nonsubscribers $1 2.00
Screening of Extractive Distillation Solvents for Styrene Systems by Observing NMR Solvent Effects. The quantitative method for quickly screening solvents using NMR is shown effective for styrene containing systems, but the method does not work in screening aromatic solvents.
Donald C. Cronauer and Larry G . Baumpard, Borg Warner Corp. Ms. 69-51 6 16 pages (1 figure, 6 tables) I&EC Subscribers $4.00 Nonsubscribers $8.00 Experimental Closed-loop Control of a Distillation Column. Feedback control of product composition was studied for methanol distillation in a 12-in. 15-tray column. Maximum gain, critical frequency, and peak error after step disturbances were compared with predicted values, for several locations of the composition sensor.
M . C. Beaverstock, P. Harriott, Cornell Uniuersity 30 pages (1 3 figures, 6 tables) MS.69-518 l&EC Subscribers $6.00 Nonsubscribers $1 2.00
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Sulfur Recovery in the Manufacture of Pipeline G a s from Coal. Desulfurization of fuels can furnish a large part of future U. S. sulfur requirements. Pipeline gas by hydrogasification produces H2S and SO*, with HzS predominating. Joint recovery of sulfur is feasible and significantly lowers price of gas from high-sulfur coal.
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C. L. Tsaros, J . L. Arora, and W. Bodle, Institute of Gas Technology Ms. 69-51 9 27 pages ( 1 0 figures, 3 tables) I&EC Subscribers $6.00 Nonsubscribers $1 2.00
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