Chapter 17
Downloaded by UNIV OF IOWA on September 15, 2016 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: July 10, 1989 | doi: 10.1021/bk-1989-0396.ch017
Interfacial Tension of Heavy Oil—Aqueous Systems at Elevated Temperatures E. Eddy Isaacs, J . Darol Maunder, and Li Jian
1
Alberta Research Council, Oil Sands and Hydrocarbon Recovery Department, P.O. Box 8330, Postal Station F, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 5X2, Canada
Oil/water interfacial tensions were measured for a number of heavy crude oils at temperatures up to 200°C u s i n g the s p i n n i n g drop t e c h n i q u e . The influences of spinning rate, surfactant type and concentration, NaCl and CaCl concentrations, and temperature were studied. The heavy oil type and pH (in the presence of surfactant) had little effect on interfacial tensions. Instead, interfacial tensions depended s t r o n g l y on t h e surfactant type, temperature, and NaCl and CaCl2 concentrations. Low interfacial tensions (
