840
T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
Vol.
12,
NO. 9
The deposits of salt in the United States are unimportant. The country possesses no really considerable salt industry but is supplied so far as interior consumption is concerned to a small extent by brine springs. The principal supplies, however, are derived from England, and the shores of Spain and Portugal. The same remark applies to Canada.
If the Geological Survey and the Agricultural Department will make the search they will earn the everlasting gratitude of the farmer, a n d release the stranglehold which European potash has on this country. Pending t h a t time, the only hope for normally priced potash is for the final successful development of the processes for recovering potash from greensand or This statement was probably made about 1860 t o feldspar, one very large plant for which is nearing com1870 and was doubtless true then, but in 1887 the pletion ih New Jersey, which will produce potash United States produced over I,IOO,OOO tons; in 1900, of the highest grades of all salts required. By the z,8oo,ooo; and in 1,913, 4,800,000 tons. Likewise the sale of its valuable by-product a t ordinary prices its price of common salt in 1866 was about $13.00per ton, potash cost will be less than nothing. and in 1887, $3.50 per ton a t the mines, while in 1913 The Government’s potash search reminds me of the i t got as low as $2.00 per ton. golfer who, after losing the hole, looking for his ball When the potash deposits which are surely there are in the heavy “rough” where his unscrupulous opponent developed, $ 5 or $ I O per ton for 80 per cent “thought i t went,” finds it too late nicely placed in t h e muriate of potash will be a high price, and no greater fair green where “there was no use looking as i t benefit can accrue t o t h e farmer t h a n this. couldn’t have come t h a t far.”
OUR FOREIGN TRADE IN CHEMICALS By 0.P.Hopkins 1824 BELMONT ROAD,WASHINGTON. D. C
Two years of peace have not weakened the commanding position in foreign trade attained during the war by the American chemical industry. Official statistics for the fiscal year 1920 demonstrate t h a t this country has been able t o keep its trade in chemical and allied products very near the high mark set during the war, despite the loss of markets for purely war supplies, and despite the pressing demands t h a t must be met in the domestic market I n almost all lines, except munitions, the exports in 1920 exceeded in value those in 1918,a fact t h a t can be explained in some cases, perhaps, by rising prices, but which nevertheless warrants the assertion t h a t the position has not been weakened. These exports, which very greatly exceed those of the last normal pre-war year, are made up almost entirely of manufactured products. Imports have more than held their own and comprise raw and partly manufactured products required for further advancement by American chemical manuf acturers. A very rough estimate puts the total value of exports of all chemical and allied products a t a billion and a quarter dollars in 1920,a slight increase over the total for 1918, and about four times the figure for 1914, the last normal year. Imports, estimated in the same rough way, were valued a t more than a billion and a half dollars in 1920, a n increase of some 80 per cent over 1918,and nearly four times the total for 1914. Both exports and imports have quadrupled since 1914. Sugar is included in these totals and accounts for much of the increase in imports. Although values are no longer a reliable guide in making trade comparisons, asummary table of values has been compiled t o show a t a glance the tendencies in t h e chemical trade for the fiscal years ended June 30, 1914, 1918, and 1920; t h a t is, the last normal year, a full
year of America’s participation in the war, and the year just closed. Apology is offered for the groupings in this table, and also for the fact t h a t 1918 has been selected in preference t o any one of several others. It is, of course, impossible t o arrive a t such totals for quantities, but in the more detailed tables t h a t follow, quantities have been given wherever possible, values being stated only when quantities were not available. All compilations are based upon statistics of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Washington, D. C . SUMMARY OF FOREIGN TRADSIN CHEMICALS AND ALLIEDPRODUCTS (In Millions of Dollars)
-IMPORTS-
CLASSES 1914 Chemicals 72 Drugs medicines, etc ......... 9 Dyes ’dyewoods.. . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Explhves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Gums, resins, etc.. . . . . . . . . . . 88 Oils, fats, waxes ............. 75 Paints, pigments, etc.. . . . . . . . 2 Tannine materials. . . . . . . . . . . 5 P a ~ G Z X p u l p ... . . . . . . . . . . 30 Miscellaneous productsl.. . . . . 120 Miscellaneous materials.. . . . . 8
..................
...............
1918 109 11 9 8 5 227 199 1 7 66 253 6
1920 8.5 20 6 2 39 330 319 2 12 106 701 9
__ - -
-EXPORTS-
1914 15 11
(2
12 20 194 7 1 6 44 2
1918 140 21 17 379 6 11 367 17 4 30 132 3
- -
1920 92 41 26 28 33 37 607 27 6 33 324 4
-
i63i 1127 318 901 1258 TOTAL 448 The 1 The importance of this class is due to the inclusion of sugar, articles making up this class are shown in the detailed table of miscellaneous products. z$400,000. THE T R A D E IN CHEXICALS’
There has been a falling off in the value of both exports and imports of chemicals since t h e war, b u t the decline is due almost solely t o t h e cessation of t h e demand for war supplies. Exports of picric acid, for instance, have practically ceased, and this was a n item of prime importance in the total for the war year 1918. Aside from war supplies, the statistics indicate t h a t the exports of chemicals have as a whole been maintained since hostilities ceased, and have for some groups been increased. Sodas have more t h a n held their own, owing largely t o the insatiable demand for 1 The
term “chemicals” is here used in the usual restricted sense,
not including drugs, medicines, and dyes.
BS
Sept., 1920
T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y
caustic soda the world over. The war stimulated t h e growth of domestic industries in all countries, and many of these industries require caustic soda. The 230,000,000 lbs. of this alkali exported in 1920 represent an increase of more t h a n 7 0 per cent over the quantity shipped in 1918, while the foreign sales in 1914were not important enough t o be stated separately in the official statistics. I n a few cases, such as calcium carbide and acetate of lime, the 1 9 2 0 figures are lower t h a n in 1914,but for the class as a whole t h e trade is greatly in excess of the pre-war totals, as will be seen in the table entitled “Trade in Chemicals, Drugs, Dyes, etc.” Imports have fallen off as compared in value with those of 1918,but considering the rise in prices, the total is probably about the same as in 1914. TRADE IN CHEMICALS, DRUGS, DYES, ETC. ARTICLES
1914
1918
1920
Imports Acids (except coal-tar acids) : Oxalic, lbs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 507 850 792 383 All other value.. $3,051:634 $1:133:252 Albumin ehg Ibs (1) (1) Ammonik, m h a t e , lbs.. 9,176,729 1,120,074 Argols, lbs.. 30,267,388 29,793,911 9,260,768 4,432,793 Arsenic or orpiment, lbs.. . . . . . Balsams, not containing alcohol, Ibs (1) (9 Calcium, acetate, crude chlo(1) ride, carbide and nitrate, lbs. (9 Chemical and medicinal compounds, n. e. s.: Alkalies alkaloids, preparations,’mixtures, etc., lbs.. (1) (1) Medicinal preparations (see also coal-tar products), value. S1,03 1,054 $5 19,338 All other.. (1) (9 Cinchona bark, and alkaloids or salts of: Barks, cinchona or other from which qhinine may be extracted Ibs.. 3,648,868 3,273,628 Quinine, sulfaie of, and all alkaloids or salts of cinchona bark, 02.. 2,879,466 1,445,702 Coal-tar products : Crudes 127,574 Acid. carbolic. lbs.. 8.392.995 Benzol, lbs (1)’ (1) Cresol, lbs (1) (9 Creosote oil, gal.. 60,900,435 3,857,869 Naphthalene lbs.. (1) 25,540 T a r and Ditch. bbls.. Toluol, lbs.. ’............ (1) (1) All other crudes, value.. (1) (9 Intermediates Acids Carbolic (phenol), lbs.. (1) 498,264 All other lbs.. (1) (1) Aniline salt$, lbs.. 3,184,467 21,273 All other intermediates.. (1) ( 1) Finished products Alizarin and dves. Ibs.. 2.633.414 29,323 Colors or dves. - , .n. e. s.. value. $7,24 1,406 $2,507,296 Indigo synthetic lbs.. 8,125,2111 1,012,585 Medicinal preparations.. (1) (1) Other finished products.. (1) (1) All other coal-tar products, value.. $1,636,750 $520,941 Extracts and decoctions for dyeing, lhs. (1) (1) Extracts for tannine. ~Quebra&o-lbL.-;.-.93,329,087 101 523 282 All other ibs.. 8,710,040 4:573:925 Fusel oil a i d butyl alcohol lbs. 5,802,369 1,606,528 Glycerol, crude, Ibs.. 36.409.619 1,875,531 2,113,912 Indigo, natural, lbs.. (1) Iodine, lbs.. 195,087 268,281 Lactarene lbs.. 12,133,855 10,798,614 Licorice rdot Ibs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,636,131 26,982 932 Lime,chloride of, Ibs 47,423.651 4:285 Citrate of lbs.. 3,097,265 4,253,686 Magnesite, Aot purified, tons. 289,494,316 23,499,789 Opium, containing 9 per cent or more morphine, lbs.. 455,200 157,834 Perfumeries, cosmetics, etc., value.. $2,309,027 $3,497,695 Potash (not for fertilizer): 20,603,593 Carbonate lbs.. 14,468,211 Cyanide, l i s . . 808,721 144,225 Hydrate, not over 15 per cent caustic soda, lbs.. 8,450,402 11,732 hTitrate, lbs.. 3,546,580 8,820,367 All other, lbs.. 5,775,588 1,662,153 1 Not stated,,separately. 2 Stated as Indigo, natural or synthetic” in 1914, b u t dargely synthetic.
.......... ............. ...... .................
....................
.
.................. ................
........ .......... . . . . . . ........ .......... ............... ........ ....... ..... $1 . .. . ......... ........ .. ... ................. .... ... I
................
................
......... ............. .......... .......... ................. .............. .......... ............ .
....... ...................
............
............. ........ .............. .............
_
1 4 0 1 547 $4:004:018 8,956,845 5,344,028 26,638,337 6,470,700 745,151 76,845,476
6,907,035
!5,625,586 1,388,577 5,242,724
ARTICLES
841
CHEMICALS, DRUGS, DYES, ETC.(Concluded) 1914 1918
1920
Imports Soda: (1) Cyanide lbs.. Nitrate,’tons.. 564,049 All other salts of, value.. $487,038 Sulfur tons 19,389 Surnai. lbs.. 10,770,340 All other chemicals, drugs dyes, etc., value. $13,676,032
............. ............. ... ................... ................. .................
84,652
1 607 020
$389:384 282 14,046,662
8,629,502 907 041 $1,6421589 47 21,180,414
$18,881,465
$6,727,411
8,688,554 961 494 56,193:952 67 $5:673:707 654 722
2,223 205 820’517 8:073 32 336 893 $5:291’987 687:008 2 1,164,404 81,640
Exports
Acids: Carbolic, Ibs.. Nitric, lbs.. Picric, lbs.. Sulfuric, Ibs.. All other value.. Alcohol, wdod, gal, Calcium carbide, lbs.. Coal t a r bbls... Coal-tar‘distillates, n. e. s.: Benzol, lbs All other value.. Copper sudate, lbs.. Dyes and dyestuffs: Aniline dyes, value. Logwood extract, value.. All other, value.. Extracts for tanning, value.. Formaldehyde, value.. Glycerol, lbs.. Infants’ food. value.. Lime. acetate of. Ibs.. Chioride of, 16s.. Medicinal and pharmaceutical preparations value.. Perfumery and c&metics, value Petroleum . jelly, . value. Potash: Chlorate. lbs.. All other, value.. Roots, herbs, barks: Ginseng, lbs.. All other, value.. Soda: Bicarbonate, lbs. Borax, lbs.. Caustic, lbs.. .............. Sal soda, lbs.. ............. Silicate, lbs.. Ash, lbs All other salts of, value.. Sulfur tons.. All other chemicals, etc , value 1 Not shown separately. 9 Represents the total value 8 Period from Jan. 1 t o June
............. ............... ................ ..............
12, $35,750 $357 035
.......... 32,845,649 1,598:776 ........... ........
............. ................
.......... .......... ........ ... .......... .. ....... ............... ......... ........ ........... ..... ....... ..... .......... .............. ..........
.......... ..............
.............. ................... ... ................
22,150
(9
(9
$356 919’ $639:941
(9
36,409,619
(9
68,160,224 (1)
$6 721 978 $2’309’027 $661:889 (1) (1)
224 605 $5 13:071 (1)
(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
110 022 69,0191582
2 538 001 28:869:686 53.955 25 400 852 $5:620:851 15,164,078
17 282 368 $3:611:514 4,s 11,724
$7 298 298 $7’284’1 $2’339’480 10
$1 7,130,397 1,832,231 6,829,937
$3’804’5 63 $866:038 1,875,531 $1,908,14 1 15,490,032 13,060,401
f
$%$:% 2 257 623
$3:032:330 32,885,132 31,252,379
$10 190 188 $3 ‘965’465 S1:278:658
$20 118 271 $7’979’237 $3:156:286
1 564 662 $961:989
2 a45 858 $3:362:827
$784,514 25 9,s92
220,970 $1.793.064
(1)
(9
134,729,691 14,076,264 26,127,870 198902457 $7:421:521 140 525 $42,945:083
11,998,5103 10,943,110’ 229,684,163 12,763,399 33,692,535 115997980 $7:47 1:808 393,404 $42,573,500
of all dyes and dyestuffs in 1914. 30, 1920.
4,580,807 DRUGS, MEDICINES, AND T O I L E T P R E P A R A T I O N S 157,319 170,519 8,188,303 8,338,761 6,113,858 20,607 1,195 706 $65:818 30 11,512 $iij,k53 257,841 $3,775,216 1,014,100 $112 611 $7912 16
.... 1,581,534 154,944,7 17 7,380,920 6,196,179 15,656,463 126,539 523,313 24,039,313 48,045,373 830,207 10,431,314 27,503 628,979 $5,545,606 22,142,554 5,175,608 782,477 26,862,012 2,198,178 was probably
Both exports and imports of this class of chemicals have increased in value a t a rather remarkable rate since 1918. Increases in prices have not been sufficient t o account for this fact. Exports of medicinal and pharmaceutical preparations alone were valued a t $ 2 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 in 1920, or twice the total for 1918 and about three times t h e total for 1914. A good part of the new business is with districts t h a t once depended pretty largely upon Europe for such supplies. While the exports have been manufactured products, the imports are almost entirely raw materials, the largest item being cinchona bark and products, the quantity of which has doubled since 1918, a year somewhat below the 1914 normal. (See table “Trade in Chemicals, Drugs, Dyes, etc.”) DYES
We are nearly two years away from the armistice, yet t h e German avalanche of dyes has not overwhelmed us-a circumstance attributed in some quarters t o the fact t h a t we have had “more luck t h a n sense.” The protection asked for a t home has been withheld, but outside circumstances have postponed the crisis. Statistics show t h a t the value of imported dyes, dyestuffs, and dyewoods of all kinds has decreased since 1918,but the quantity of synthetic dyes has increased somewhat, the bulk of the supplies still coming from Switzerland. The imports of natural dyes and raw
842
T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
materials have fallen away as the domestic industry developed . I n the meantime. our exports of aniline dyes have more t h a n doubled. reaching a value of $17.000.000 in 1920. while our sales of logwood extract and all other dyes have shown a slight falling off . A year or so ago Japan was the principal purchaser of our synthetic colors. but the largest shipments now go t o China and India. where the textile industry is developing rapidly . All in all. i t is conservative t o say t h a t t h e dye industry in this country has been developed more successfully than in any of the other countries t h a t were thrown upon their own resources in 1914. Details of t h e dye trade are shown in t h e table “Trade in Chemicals. Drugs. Dyes. etc.,” and t h e dyewoods are mentioned in the table “Trade in Miscellaneous Materials.” T A N N I N G MATERIALS
Imports of tanning extracts were 5 0 per cent higher in quantity in 1920 t h a n in 1918and 1914.quebracho extract being the big item. with a total of 1 5 5.000. 000 Ibs . Purchases of bark and wood are falling off as the countries of origin learn t o manufacture the extract . Exports of tanning extracts have also increased. the total value i n 1920 being about $6.000.000. as compared with $3.800.000 in 1918.and less t h a n a million dollars in 1914. The value of exports is still below t h a t of imports. (See table “Trade in Chemicals. Drugs. Dyes. etc.,” for extracts. and “Trade in Miscellaneous Materials” for bark and wood.)
SUMMARY OF TRADE IN Ons 1914 1918
ARTICLES
. 12. No . g 1920
Imports
Oils: Animal Mineral Fixed vegetable Essential., Oil-bearing materials: Castor beans Copra Flaxseed Peanuts
.................... ...................
............ ................
$1.034. 000 13.666.000 28.829. 000 3.492. 000
$3.678. 000 21.926.000 87.986.000 4.338. 000
$3.629. 000 41.050. 000 141.023.000 90.439. 000
............... ..................... .................. ...................
1.139.000 2.395. 000 10.571.000 1.899.000
2.274. 000 26.946. 000 34.217. 000 4.771. 000
30.674. 000 76.845. 14.971.000
822.000 152.174. 000 15.624.000 628. 000
1.155.000 289,037.000 2.3.930.000 1.091.000
3.426. 000 426.598. 000 96.226. 000 2.230. 000
.Exports Animal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.382. 000
Oilq ....
Mineral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fixed vegetable Essential ...............
.........
Details of t h e oil trade are shown in t h e next t a b l e : TRADEIN OILS. FATS.AND WAXES 1914 1918
ARTICLW
1920
Imports Oils. animal: Cod and codliver. gal 1.393. 7061 2.021. 656 1.943.357 All other. gal 1.488.973 2.906.473 1.294. 134 Oils. mineral: Crude. gal 773.052. 480 1.347.543. 144 2.826.860. 902 Refined Benzene, gasoline, naphtha. gal 16.139.912 11.069.899 22.037. 592 45.114. 581 5 9 3 5 1.3 12 1.945.007 All other. gal ............. Oils. fixed vegetable: 10.613.638 4.815. 740 Chinese nut. gal . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.932. 444 41.500 Cocoa butter or butterine. lbs 2 838 761 405 269.226. 966 259.194. 853 Coconut lbs ............... 74’386’213 24.164. 821 14.29 1.3 13 Cottonsged lbs............. 17:293:201 4.550. 391 Linseed. gal ................ 50. 827 192.282 216. 145 114.324 Olive. non.edible. gal 763.924 6.812. 596 2 537 512 6.217. 560 Olive. edible. gal 50.163. 387 27:405:231 Palm. lbs 58.040. 202 53. 508 Palm.kerne1 . lbs ............ 34.327.600 18.618 22.064. 363 8.288. 756 Peanut. gal i;337;136 1.229.526 3.056. 438 Rape-seed gal 1.464.265 195 $2:974:966 773 594 336 824 646 So -bean i b s 16 362 452 Alrother value $439:009 $2:027:137 Oils. distillid and essential: $25. 981 $20. 019 Birch t a r and cajeput. value (2) 870 170 628 057 Lemon lbs 385.959 $3. 884.287 $8. 370.317 All other value $2. 633.789 1.307.837 Oleostearin: lbs ............... 5.243. 553 6.575. 379 8.687. 728 8.997.023 7.495.459 Paraffin (except oil). lbs
....... ............... ................
.
...................
.
.
.......
........... .................. .................
............. ............... ............ . . ................. .............. ....... OILS. FATS. AND W A X E S Wax .. . Beeswax lbs............... 1.412. 200 There have been some sensational developments in Mineral. ’lbs................ 8.086. 422 Vegetable. lbs .............. 4.255. 686 our trade in vegetable oils . The imports of soy-bean Grease and oils. n . e . s., Ibs .... 22.322. 492 seeds and nuts: __ oil. which in 1914totaled only a little over 16.000.000 OilCastor beans bu ............ 1 030 543 Coconuts in :hell, value ..... $2:133:416 lbs., reached the remarkable figure of 337.000. ooo lbs . Copra lbs ................. 45,437, 155
.
~~
during the war year 1918. only t o fall back t o 196.000.000 lbs . in 1920. It is probable t h a t disturbed conditions in northeastern China had something t o do with the decline . Coconut oil again leads all t h e vegetable oils in quantity. with a total of 269.000. 000 lbs . in 1920.a gain of 10.000. ooo lbs . over 1918. and of nearly 200.000.000 lbs . over 1914. I n fact. coconut oil was exported from this country to the extent of 141.000. 000 lbs . in 1920.its first appearance in official export statistics. Another newcomer among the exports is cocoa butter. with a total of more than 11.000.ooo lbs . But the most interesting is soybean oil. which was exported t o the extent of about 68.000. 000 lbs., in spite of the falling off in imports . A s t h e total of “all other” vegetable oils in 1918 was less than $4.000.000. or about the same as in 1920.i t is evident t h a t this new export business has come into existence since the end of the war . Of t h e mineral oils. the export of fuel and gas oil is only about half of the total of more than a billion gallons in 1918.although still higher than in 1914. Shipments of illuminating oil have. on the other hand. increased more than 7 0 per cent since 1918. although t h e total is still below the billion and more gallons for 1914. Exports of lubricating oil have-increased steadily. as have those of gasoline . A summary table showing the trade in oils by value follows:
Vol
1 826 618 1:708:5 14 8.707.396 28.000. 428
3.923. 687 2.816. 700 42:165:287 9 949 567
1 222 934 $2:788:635 486.996. 112 13.187.609
1 416 328 $4:830:548 21 8.521.946 23.391. 934
3.150. 747 73.362. 215
12.067.998 120.344.425
464. 936 91. 585 442. 496
1.310478 1.452. 130:635 489
186.672.778
354.357. 795
1 224 807 405 528’805’501 269:667:145 260.300. 337 207 905 009 1:879:475
690 895 418 914:137:071 339.701. 134 294 185:265:961 949 121
...
. . . . .
8.653.235 Flaxse‘ed. bu ............... . . Peanuts Not shelled lbs 17.472.631 Shelled. Ibs; 27.077. 158
.......... .............
Exports Oils animal: Fish. gal Lard. gal All other. gal Oils. mineral: Crude. gal Refined or manufactured Fuel and gas. gal Illuminating. gal Lubricating. gal Gasoline. gal Other naphthas. gal Residuum. gal Oils. fixed vegetable:
................ ................ ............ ............... ..
448. 366 110. 199 891. 035 146.477.342
........ 475.143. 205 ...... ..1.157.283. 310 ........ 196.884.696 .......... 151.611.537 ....... 40.840. 730 ........... 113.370.245 .. Coconut oil. lbs ........... Corn. lbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.28\1:5i6 192.963.079 Cottonseed. Ibs ........... 239. 198
... . Oils. distilled and essential: Peppermint. lbs .......... .. All other. value . . . . . . . . . . . .
(2) (2)
$338. 956
.
(2) (2)
1.831. 114 100.005.074 1.187.850 (2)
Pi
$3.948. 483
76. 247 117. 809 $230. 557 $857.044 Grease : Lubricating. Val 2.394.918 $2 986 815 Soap stock. etc., 5.046. 959 $2;6 12:488 97.017. 065 56.648. 102 Oleo oil. lbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.532. 821 6.404. 896 Oleomargarine. Ibs . . . . . . . . . . Paraffin : 84.657. 140 Unrefined. lbs . . . . . . . . . . . . 186.357. 728 162.003.480 Refined lbs . 1.2.) Stearin : 10.252.522 Animal. Ibs 2.724. 182 1.293.327 Vegetable. Ibs (2) W nY ...... 189.871 96. 215 Beeswax. lbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1 12. 193 $717. 181 Manufactures of. value ...... Oil seeds and nuts: 16.342.384 1.565.052 Cottonseed. lbs 30.5.546 21. 481 Flaxseed. bu ............... 12.488.209 8.054. 8 17 Peanuts. lbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]Period from Oct . 3. 1913. to June 30. 1914 Not stated separately
.
... ................ ..............
.............
.
48.300. 361 11.048.416 141.063.943 12.482.679 159.400.618 1.136.585 4.922. 781 67.781. 974 $3.258. 446 90.255 $1.551. 992 $8:994:603 $6 I57 323 74.529. 394 20.952. 180 79.023.341 81.784. 255 22.505. 602 5.138. 225 641. 357 $1.203. 47 1
3.505. 118 24. 044 l4.137. 956
Sept., 1920
T H E J O U R N A L O F I N D l i S T R I A L A K D EXGILVEERING C H E M I S T R Y
G U M S , R E S I N S , A X D NAVAL S T O R E S
Substantial increases are shown in t h e imports of nearly all t h e gums and resins as compared with the figuret; for 1918 and 1914. The total of 34,000,ooo lbs. of shellac is twice t h a t for 1914,while the 44,000,ooo lbs. of copal, kauri, and damar is nearly IO,OOO,OOO lbs. in excess of t h a t for t h e last normal year. The increase in purchases of rubber has been enormous, as the total of 632,000~000lbs. in 1920 is nearly five times the amount brought in in 1914, and almost double t h a t recorded in 1918. The exports of naval stores are still far below t h e 1914 total i n quantity, although a n improvement is shown over 1918. Detailed figures follow: TRADEIN G u m , RESINS, A N D NAVAL STORES ARTICLES 1914 1918 1920 Imports Camphor: Crude, natural, lbs.. . . . . . . . . 3,476,908 3,638,334 4,025,s 17 566,106 1,189,932 1,685,633 Refined and synthetic, lbs.. . 8,040,891 6,408,093 9,699,863 Chicle lbs.. 32,693,412 30,003,549 44,480,003 Copal,’ kauri, damar, lbs.. 14,936,129 10,207,013 8,964,832 Gambier. lbs.. 66,7 18,308 Gum arabic, lbs.. (1) (1) 34.151.209 22,913,256 16,719,756 Shellac, lbs.. 2,622,098 Other gums, lbs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .... India rubber, etc.: Balata, Ibs.. ............... 1,533,024 2,449,881 2,013,737 1,314,913 Guayule gum, lbs., ......... 1,475,804 4,307,539 18,392,164 Gutta joolatong, lbs ......... 24,926,571 17,475,863 6,496,309 1,846,109 1,15 1,3 12 Gutta-percha, lbs.. ......... 389,599,015 632,392,636 India rubber lbs.. .......... 131,995,742 14,236,098 25,958,261 13,980,303 India-rubber’scrap, lbs.. Exports Naval stores: 1,073,889 1,321,535 Rosin, bbls .................. 2 417,950 82,030 61,826 T a r , turpentine,,pitch, bbls.. 35 1,352 5,100,124 7,461,455 Turpentine, spirits of, g a l . . . 18,900,704 1 hTot stated separately.
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FERTILIZERS
Potash and manure salts, which mere practically non-existent in t h e import statistics in 1918,came over in corisiderable quantities in 1920, so t h a t something like half of t h e total for 1914 was attained. There is n o telling what t h e total would have been if there had been no obstacles in t h e way of getting supplies. Sccurnulated demands abroad for our phosphates, on the ot.her hand, brought the export total much above t h e 1914 figure. The exports of 93,000 tons of superphosphates are an interesting item. The total in 1918 was only 6,1j j tons, and there was no note made of this product in 1914. Details are given in t h e following table, which does not, however, include sodium nitrate: TRADE IN FERTILIZERS ARTICLES 1914 Imports Ammonium sulfate, tons. . . . . . 83,377 Bone dust, ash, and meal, tons 41,450 Calcium cyanamide, tons.. . . . . (1) Guano, tons, , . . 21,887 Kainite, tons. . . 541,846 Manure salts t o n s . . .......... 261,342 Potash, n. e. i . : Muriate, tons 237,886 Sulfate, tons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,139 All other substances used only as ferl.ilizers, value. . . . . . . . . $6,199,554 Exports Phosphate rock: High-grade pebble rock, tons 475,335 1,000,630 Land pebble, t o n s . . 1,906 All other, t o n s . . ........... Superphosphates, tons. (1) Ammonium sulfate, tons. (1) 61,601 All other fertilizers, tons. . . . . . 1 r o t stated separately
1918
1920
3,983 8,511 1
2,587 7,340 84,678 18,796 274,761 249,348
(1)
723 135
’
110,324 6,356
$4,089,989
$4,757,066
25,652 110,909 25,798 6,155
351,352 395,581 30,348 93,432 17,489 239,091
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(1)
84:LIO
O R E S A S D LIETALS
Although not included in t h e summary table a t t h e beginxng of the article, it is assumed t h a t t h e following data 3 n the trade in ores and metals not advanced
843
beyond the bar and ingot stage will be of some little interest t o certain branches of the chemical industry. SUXMARY OF TRADE IN PRINCIPAL METALS ARTICLES 1914 1918 1920 Imports Antimony. .................. $696,000 $4,435,000 $1,284,000 Chromate of iron.. . . . . . . . . . . . 737,000 1,543,000 1,419,000 Copper.. .................... 54,506,000 122,450,000 94,310,000 9,652,000 12,221,000 Iron. ....................... 11,879,000 L e a d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..;. 2,057,000 11,970,000 6,817,000 Manganese.. ................ 1,841,000 11,945,000 8,086,000 9,120,000 6,848,000 Nickel.. .................... 6,110,000 4,575,000 6,990,000 Platinum.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,976,000 84,834,000 92,790,000 T i n . , ....................... 39,422,000 5,794,000 2,589,000 Tungsten ore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,000 2,560,000 965,000 Zinc.. ...................... 616,000 Exports Aluminium.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,102,000 8,746,000 5,195,000 Bauxite concentrates.. . . . . . . . . 616,000 1,465,000 1,709,000 Copper.. .................... 149,480,000 244,328,000 127,996,000 Ferrovanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503,000 2,578,000 254,000 Iron........................ 6,261,000 20,579,000 14,454,000 2,610,000 17,376,000 4,207,000 L e a d . . ...................... Nickel., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,404,000 7,681,000 1,144,000 Tungstpn and ferrotungsten. . . .... 4,056,000 58,000 995.000 28,015,000 22,927,000 Zinc. .......................
MIS C E LL A N E 0 U S M A T E R I A L S
The export and import trade in a number of materials t h a t could not conveniently be grouped elsewhere is shown in the following table: T R A D E I N &fISCELLANEOUS
ARTICLES Imoorta ~~~. - ~ - AsphaItum and bitumen, tons.. Blood, dried, value., Bones, hoofs, horns, value.. ... Dyewoods, crude state: Logwood, tons.. All other. tons.. . . . . . . . . . . . Fish sounds, lbs.. Gelatin, unmanufactured, lbs.. Hide cuttings and other glue stock, lbs.. . . . . . . . . Moss and seaweed: Crude, value. .. All other, value Rennets, value.. ... Salt 100 lbs Tan’ning materials:
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1914
MATERIALS 1918
1920
180 689 $391:816 $1,061,466
139,899 $462,703 $1,374,546
93,397 $678 307 $1,754:892
30,062 7,663
52,027 35,449 33 1,248 365,586
45,073 3,358 79,679 1,121,117
(11
2,341,317
21,710,205
26,248,154
$301 259 554:376 $129,720 3,076,071
$230 163 $8:514 $62,173 1,028,231
$459 9 12 $40:711 $159,039 1,756,240
7,689
73,956
2,544 33,672 $2,757,859 1,130,836
Exports Asphaltum: Unmanufactured, t o n s . . 49 831 Manufactures of, value. $3621347 Barks for tanning, tons. . . . . . . (1) Moss, value. $51,006 Salt. 100 lbs.. 1.489.312 1 N o t stated separately. 2 Quantity not given for 1914.
22,052 $488,892 194 $99,793 2,670,458
47,024 $682,753 513 $141,000 2,574.937
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2,158,s 141
~~“,“b“,‘o”,”h”,”!&,t~~~;:::::: 73,956 45,440 $496,070 All other, value.. . . . . . . . . . . $468,230 Vanilla beans, lbs ............. 897,100 914,668
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M I S C E L L A N E 0 US P R O D UCT S
h number of products usually considered in connection with t h e chemical industry have been grouped in the next table. The most important of these is sugar, the inclusion of which gives the group a total t h a t is misleading. It should be borne in mind t h a t large quantities of sugar are now purchased in Cuba on British account, t o be refined here and then shipped t o England. This sugar is included in both the import and export statistics. While t h e summary table a t the beginning of this article shows t h a t t h e value of paper and pulp exported has increased since 1918,t h e following table shows t h a t t h e quantity has actually decreased, although still greater than in 1914. The export trade in explosives has been knocked “galley west” by t h e return of peace, but there seems t o be sufficient unpleasantness in some quarters t o support a larger business than existed in 1914. A good growing trade in paints and varnishes will be noted in examining the statistics ir, this table.
TEIE J O U R N A L O F I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y
844
TRADE IN MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS ARTICLES 1914 1918 1920 Imports Collodion, and manufactures of, $82,940 value. $569,763 $53,637 Explosives : Fulminates, gunpowder, etc., $2,369,250 value.. $256 379 97,860,139 $765 412 $437 010 All other value.. $600’958 $3,582:377 Glass and ilassware, value.. $8 191’833 $1,723:014 1 4 1 0 104 Glue and glue size, lbs.. 22:714:877 2 048 543 $1 :096:982 $3:856:961 Matches, value.. $882,812 Oilcloth for 0oors: 522,999 3,724,086 38,584 Linoleum, sq. yds.. 62,372 340,288 5,060 Oilcloth, sq. yds.. $1,975,769 $961,047 Paints, pigments, etc., value.. $2,325,222 PaDer and D U ~ D : Printing paprr NotoverSc.perlb., l b s . . 536,815,2881 1,203,762,1181 1,322 890 825 1:371:576 All other, lbs 6,053,429 278,367 6,925,505 380,153 Surface-coated paper, lbs.. 4,dSi,i 17 36,515,554 6,150,942 Wrapping paper, lbs.. Wood pulp 194,119 Mechanical tons.. 177,484 189,599 442,844 296,465 Chemical, &bleached, tons 302,963 89,587 18,044 Chemical, bleached, tons... 88,917 Photographic goods: $25,808 $33,857 Drv d a t e s . value.. (z) .. M-&Con-picture films 46,485,434 47 462 715 Not exposed lin. f t . . 44 717 3238 $1 417 774 $713:363 Negatives, lih. f t .......... $402:7044 $3’327’566 $3 374 497 Positives, lin. f t . , , , , , . , , $20 057 144 $1:355:832 $2033719 Other films and plates, value $3243535 Soap: 2 352 974 Castile lbs.. 4 622 082 1 016 399 $192: 103 All oth)er, value.. .......... $4601485 $2113149 Sugar and molasses: 154,670,200 Molasses, gals,. 51,410,271 130,730,861 Sugar 1,219,834 750 2 367 708 Beet, lbs.. 7,590,911,767 Cane, lbs.. 5,061),564’,621 4,898,277,025 Exports 5 595 126 6 046 455 Baking powder lbs.. . . . . . . . . . 2 725 964 $2:845:110 Blacking and pblishes, value., $6491395 $1:009:100 7,691,420 6,761,767 Candles, lbs.. 3,047,756 Celluloid and manufactures, $10 044 242 $3 744 745 value.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1 387 541 $2:617:483 Chewing gum. value.. $1781630 $1:896:135 ExplosiGes : $9,729,937 Cartridges, loaded, value.. $3,521,533 $13,672,371 12 566 057 14,464,601 18 911 668 Dynamite, lbs.. $709:662 (2) $19:346:554 Fuses, value. 1,721,991 989,385 340,516,883 Gunpowder, lbs..
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a t not above 5 cents a Dound prior t o April 24, 1920. N o t stated separately. From Oct. 3, 1913, t o June 30, .1914. Stated as “All other” motion-picture films in 1914.
1 Valued 9 8 4
Vol.
12,
No. 9
TRADE IN MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS (Concluded) ARTICLES 1914 1918 1920 Exports Explosives (Continued): Shells and projectiles, loaded, $40 130 298 value. $12,295,519 (1) All other, value. $916,280 $3835593249 $2,250,566 Flavorinz extracts and fruit juices, value. $1 018 102 $25:906:621 $1 425 380 (1) Glass and glassware, value.. $3,729,623 $1410123656 Glucose and grape sugar: 162 680 378 80,970,744 Glucose, lbs.. 219,793,235 36:850:496 2,35 1,7 70 Grape sugar, lbs., 16,887,557 4,935,250 25,839,015 13,14 1,294 Glue lbs.. .................... Indii-rubber manufactures, $69,226,716 $12,441,220 $31,675,847 value.. Ink: Printers’, value.. $443 377 882,062 $181’697 All other, value.. $771736 Matches, value. $471 385 $162 504 $192’691 Metal polish, value.. 45 1,934 $951013 Mucilage and paste, value., $654,827 $3993295 Oilcloth: 2,623,060 For floors sq. yds.. ......... 163,214 1 259 805 $666,479 All other,’value. $132771777 $2,475,699 Paints, pigments, etc.: Dry colors Carbon bone and lampblack’ value). $421 548 $1 111 265 $1 959 208 All qther, ’value.. $6903836 $1:907:667 $239911618 Lead Red, lbs.. ( 1) 4,792,330 3,027,731 White,.lbs.. 16,845,154 18 235 783 34 441 918 Ready-mixed paints, gal. 852,910 11521’588 2’553’091 Varnish, g a l . , 736:949 1:529:592 1,069,501 29,197,790 25 862 063 30 925 983 Zinc oxide, lbs., All other. value.. $1.779.863 $4:875!006 $7:756:076 , . . . , . Paper and pulp: Newsprint, lbs.. 88,966,738 220 080 301 123,335,408 Other qrinting paper, lbs.. . . 28,602,134 90:353:235 92,076,860 Wrappmg paper lbs.. 14,133,097 59,350,946 65,163,463 Writing paper add envelopes, value.. $1,179,232 $4,560,084 $7,322,859 Wood D U ~ D .tons.. 13.481 34.805 33.972 Photozrabhk’eoods: Mo&o
