7 84
T H E J O G R S A L OF I S D C S T R I A L AND E:\‘GISEERISG
CHE-WISTRY
Val. 5, s o . g
I t is evidently out of the question for Chemical Abstracts when a yellow order sheet is found in the manufacturing deto index so minutely as to cover all the entries in the English partment it is a t once easy to see that some one from the shipping index. We have already three times as many entries’as it has, department is there investigating the date when an order was and it, as well as the index t o Chemisches Zentralblatt, has, for some filled. I could continue this, but i t would take too much space. time, been regularly checked t o see that no article is omitted. Suffice it to say that these small matters go a great way toward We do not pretend that of the articles in the 600 journals which making a factory “fool-proof.” we now have listed, all have been abstracted quickly. Many LMAXIMILIAX TOCH 9 T H ST. AND W E S T AVE. have been delayed and perhaps some missed altogether. ParticuLONG ISLAND CITY lar journals are constantly falling behind for various causes and August 5 , 1913 i t is a continual struggle to bring them up-to-date. Nevertheless, ON METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF CRUDE GLYCERINE in 1909 the abstracting was not in the state that Dr. Baekeland’s well-meant criticism might imply, and a t the present time the Editor of the Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry: material in nearly all departments is reaching u s very Promptly I wish to open a discussion on the present system of the analysis indeed. AUSTIN M. PATTERSOX of crude glycerine, and would say a t the outset that I believe July 25, 1913 there is an unhealthy condition existing somewhere. Let me mention a case, withholding the names. A sells two car loads PAINTS FOR INDICATING THE USES OF PIPES of Soap Lye Crude to B, with C named as referee. A, upon careful analysis, finds 83.8 per cent Glycerol by the International Editor of the Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry: Standard Method, and bills it accordingly. B reports that his I note with interest, THISJOURNAL, p. 609, July, 1913, the extract of an article from Engineering that in 1911 German chemists find 85.2 per cent Glycerol, but will split the differengineers “came t o a preliminary understanding that i t was ence. A has been very careful with his work (having been there before), and has his figures from two chemists, who are expedesirable t o paint pipes so as to avoid confusion, etc.” I do not know whether this practice was original with me, rienced in carrying out the International Standard Method. but I instituted it in the late fall of 1896, and a t the same time A, therefore, has a third portion of the sealed sample, taken b y instituted a method of painting barrels so as to be able to dis- a public sampler, sent t o C for analysis, requesting a detailed report, that he may check up the work of his chemists. I n a tinguish them a t a glance. I n 1903, when we built our present plant, the method of painting pipes was carried out to a nicety few days the report comes in as follows: Per cent and color charts were distributed a t various places so that every ......................... 12.60 workman had the key to the colors. Every year that R e s i d u e a t ............................. 5.4 students in industrial chemistry visit our plant, the superin-. Water. ’ ’ ’
tendent makes it a Point to show the various pipes and their meaning. &fyobject in writing is, however, notto claim priority, although I never saw it anywhere until some years later I noticed it in one of our battleships. I wish, however, to point out that certain kinds of paint are better than others for this purpose, For instance, it is stated that pipes should be white, This is a mistake, because almost all white paints turn yellowish brown in time when subjected to continued heat. The varnish enamels of the Demar mastic type remain white but eventually become brittle and flake. At the same time, all steam pressure pipes excepting those used for heating are usually insulated with magnesia covering. I n our plant we found that aluminum paint is ideal for all steam pipes whether covered or uncovered like exhaust pipes and this aluminum paint can be bought from any reputable manufacturer. It should be composed of a hard copal with plenty of diluent in it and must not be of the collodion type. The other paints should be enamel paints and not oil paints. Enamel paints dry with a smooth gloss and do not take the dust readily. Oil paints take dust and are difficult t o clean. Nothing is more obnoxious in a factory than a fine artistic layer of dust on the top and sides of painted pipe. In addition t o the enameling of pipes, we mark each one with a key number showing the contents. This system is carried out in our works t o other apparatus. For instance, we have about twenty eccentric rotary pumps for handling volatile and other liquids. These pumps are all enameled to correspond with the pipes and the chart. I mentioned the subject of barrels, and we paint all insulating and water-proof paint barrels one color and all oil-paint another color, so that there can never be a mistake in labeling them afterwards. The color scheme is carried out in every department. The factory orders which come from the New York office are made out in quintriplicate of different colors. All stationery and instructions to the shipping office are on bright yellow paper. All manufacturing slips are blue, and so on. I n this manner,
Glycerol by the International Method,
.............
82.80 82.85 Av. 82.87 82.95
Correction for acetylizable impurities in the residue a t
Any:ir,“u;
erol:
; ; ;; :;;;; ; ;; :;:;; :;;; ;; ;; ,’
0.45 82.42
This is not a full report. According to the British Standard Specifications and Recommendations of the Executive Committee, the report should be as Per cent Total Acetyl Value as Glycerol., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , , Acetyl Value(a) of Residue as Glycerol., , . , , , , . , . . , . . , , , , . .
...
Correction for Acetyl Value of Residue as Glycerol., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Glycerol (I. S. M., 1911) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Organic Residue.. . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ....... Free Acid in terms of NanO., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... Alkali Hydroxide, and Carbonate, in terms of N ( a ) Not determined if Total Organic Residue is 2.5 per cent or under in the case of Soap Lye Crude.
Note that in C’s report there is no mention of Ash, Organic Residue, or Acetyl Value of Residue as Glycerol. By the correction, we take i t for granted that Organic Residue was over 2.5 per cent, and that it was acetylized. A, wishing to compare results more fully, wrote the referee asking for the percentage of Ash, Organic Residue a t 160“ C., and the Acetyl Value of the Residue as Glycerol. The reply was: “It is not customary to give a detailed report.” Why? We pay for it. A insisted on a detailed report and the reply was as follows: “It is our custom in making the analysis of samples of Crude Glycerine to make those determinations which are necessary to enable us to report the total glycerol figure. For this reason the only determinations we make are Total acetylizable matter in the sample as received. Total residue a t 160’ C. Acetylizable matter in the residue non-volatile a t 160‘ C.
“Our customary charge for the above determinations is $15, and when additional information is desired there is a n additional charge.” h*ow how can C tell whether the non-volatile organic residue
