NOVEMBER, 1933
INDUSTRIAL -4ND ENGINEERISG CHEMISTRY
as hydrogen iodide or moderate catalytic hydrogenation have much less effect on the mobility of the rubber. The action may be partly physical in nature. Such physical effects are found in the stiffening action of such substances as tetraphenylhydrazine or hgdrazobenzene. Such an explanation of the softening action of phenylhydrazine is, however, weakened by the inability to remove the hydrazine and return the rubber to its original stiffness. It is probable that the increase in mobility is brought about by chemical activity of the hydrazine. Such a process would not be reversible. Whether the hydrocarbon chain is broken or not, the presence of either the hydrazine or its reaction products serve materially to decrease the attraction between the rubber molecules.
Literature Cited (1) Bradley and Ferrettie, U. S. Patent l,S0.5,71'7 (1930). (2) Busse, ISD.ENG.CHEN., 24, 140 (1932). (3) Cotton, Inst. Rubber Ind., Trans., 6, 487 (1930-31:i. (4) Cruikshank, British Patent 398,702 (1933). ( 5 ) Fisher and Gray, ISD ETG.CHEY.,18, 414 (1926).
1321
Fry and Porritt, Inst. Rubber Ind., Trans., 3, 203 (1927). Gerke, U. S. Patent 1,981,168 (1934). Grenquist, IND.ENG.CHEM.,22, 759 (1930). Kohman, J . Phus. Chem., 23, 226 (1929). (10) Martin, British Patent 395,774 (1933). (11) Midgley and Henne, J . Phys. Chem., 36, 28SO (1932). (12) hlidgley, Henne, and Renoll, J . Am. Chem. Soc., 54, 33-13, 3381
(6) (7) (8) (9)
(1932). (13) Porritt, India Rubber J.,60, 11.59 (1920). (14) Shimada, K., J . SOC.Chem. Ind. Japan, 37, 127 (1934). (15) Ibid., 37, 309-10B (1934). (16) Spence and Krate, Kolloid-Z., 14, 270 (1914). (17) Staudinger, Ber., 65B, 267-79 (1932). (18) Staudinger, Kolloid-Z., 54, 129-40 (1931). (19) Staudinger and Bondy, Ann., 488, 127-53 (1931). (20) Thompson, J . Soc. Chem. Ind., 2, 119 (1883). (21) Tuley, U. S. Patent 1,996,036 (1935). (22) Urtger and Schidrowitz, British Patent 368,902 (1931). (23) %illiams, IND.EXG.CHEM.,26, 1190 (1934). (24) F t h i n g t o n and Hyde, U. S. Patent 1,360,486 (1920). (25) Zimmerman and Cooper, ISD. ENG.CHEM., 20, 812 (1928). RECEIVED September 23, 1935. Presented before the joint meeting of the New York Rubber Group of the American Chemical Society and the American Society of Rheology, h'ew York, N. Y., October 11, 1935. Contribution 31, Jackson Laboratory, E. I. du Pont de.Nemours & Company, Inc.
Phenolic Resin Varnishes Influence of Linseed Oil on Film Properties HE rapid evoluV. H. TCRKISGTON, ROBERT J. 1300RE, combinations ( 1 2 ) . 'The present tion of t'he varpaper describes a continuation of %-. H. BUTLER, AXD R. C. SHUEY nish industry this work and deals with only one Bakelite Corporation, Bloomfield, N. J . during the past few years from an of the more important simple threeart to a science has emphasized the component systems which is today need for more rational means of obtaining accurate knowledge of great practical interest. Specifically, it covers the system as to the specific effect,
