Lanonaron\. ~ ~ A N L ' A ~U P. I':I.LUUNTAH\ OKCANIC CIIIIMISTRI.. The section on determination of structure by X-rays and elecG. H. Richter, Assistnot Profrcvlr of Organic Chemistry, The trons might, in the reviewer's opinion, have been improved by the Rke Instittlte lohn \Vile,. and Sons. Irrr , S e w Yurk Citv. inclusion of some diamams. discussion. for .. .. . with aDDroDriate .. . 1940. ix 128;~. 12 figs. 15 x 23 cm: $1.25. several g ~ f lhe high polynwr~whirh arc, now known fairly well. The manual is designed for a full (not semester) course in ele- 1.ikreirc-, tlw pla.;tic.ixatiun of pdymcrs might r r l l haw brcn mentary organic chemistry and is intended to appeal to the in- mmthmrrl in thr trratrnrnt of srrundzry vnlr.nce. Thc chilptcr terest of students specializing in the biological fields. The choice on electrical polarization is necessarily brief, but space could of experiments involving both technic and type preparations is have been found to include a short discussion of the Onsag. good. A number of medicinals are included but are not chosen field. The whole section is based on the Clausius-Moaotti equ solely for their interest as such. The teaching of fundamental tion, which implies the Lorentz field, and hence applies only t o organic chemistry has not been subordinated to the special aim; gases or dilute solutions in non-polar solvents. The statistical it would appear that the author has admirably carried out his treatment of the confieuration of a chain molecule is excellentlv ~resented. and due emohasis is olaced on the im~ortanc?of -purpose. The introduction to the manual is excellent both as to first-aid fluctuation terms. I n thc chnptcr C N I the thrmodynarnics uf .ulutions. the discussion of highcr ternts in concrnlration in the suggestions and instructions for the writing of laboratory reports. The reviewer wishes to add his testimony to the value of pre- law of osmotic pressures merits attention not only.from workers liminary reports on synthetic preparations which "should be in this particular field of high polymers, but also from teachers of physical chemistry. Incidentally, it seems appropriate to mencompleted before the student enters the laboratory." The first six experiments deal principally with preliminary tests tion the fact that the application of many of the accepted notions and technic; experiments 7-24 with aliphatic syntheses; ex- of physical chemistry to substances of high molecular weight has periments 2-7 with aromatics; and experiment 48 with the led to a critical re-examination of the postulates, approximations, isolation of caffeine. A short valuable section on the literature of and assumptions involved; this is particularly true for the organic chemistry and a reagent list for each experiment are in- colligative and hydrodynamic properties of solutions. It is impossible t o give an adequate review of this book withcluded. The manual is well balanced in including (1) preliminary tests. out mentioning the fact that it is the second one of a series of (2) experiments illustrating typical technics (vacuum distilla- monographs on high polymers. Many subjects, for example, tion, etc.), (3) typical classical reactions (Grignard, Sandmeyer, viscosity of solutions, which are only summarized in this volume, Friedel-Crafts, etc.). (4) synthetic sequences, (5) qualitative tests will be treated in detail in later publications. A possible third (Hinsberg separation, etc.), and (6) the preparation of com- purpose of this book is to serve as an introduction for subsequent pounds of special interest (amsthesine, phenacetin, sulfanilamide. monographs; certainly it will prove to he very helpful to those etc.). I t is unfortunate that a few alternate experiments are who are interested primarily in one specific field of high polynot given for a part of the medicinal preparations, as the manual mers, but who would like a comprehensive and yet condensed would then also serve equally well for a general introductory account of their physical chemistry. Indeed, entirely apart course. Minor suggestions, which might increase the value of from its place in the field of high polymers, the hook might well the manual somewhat, would be the inclusion of the time re- be used as a reference or advanced text for physical chemistry in so far as its application to molecular structure and behavior is auired for each exoeriment and a summarv of total amounts of concerned. RAYMOND M. FUOSS GBNBBAL ELECTRIC COXPANY OSBORNE R. QUAVLE SCHBNBCTADY.NBW YORE EMOP.Y UNIVBRSITY EMORY UNIV&RSITY, GBOIID~A . ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND ELBC&OCHEMICAL ANALYSIS.H . 1. S. Sand. 'D.Sc., Ph.D., F.I.C. Two volumes. Chemical PnvsrcaL CHEMISTRY OF HIGHPOLYMERIC SYSTEMS.H . Mark. Publishing Co., Inc., New York City, 193910. Vol. I, viii Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. Translated from the 133 pp., 9 figs. and 1 plate. Vol. 11, ix f 149 pp., 46 figs. manuscript by K. Sinclair, revised by 3. E. Woods, Queens 12 X 19 cm. 52.00 per volume. College. Volume I1 of the monograph series on High PolyI. Electrochemical Theory. Includes a discussion of VOLUME mers. First Edition. Interscience Publishers. Inc., New York electrolysis, the ionic theory, the conduction of the current in the City, 1940. x 345 pp. 99 filgs. 15 X 23 cm. 56.50. High polymers have, of course, been known since the early days interior of the electrolyte, applications of the law of mass action of chemistry, but the chemistry and physics of high polymers are, to the ionic theory, electromotive force and heat of reaction, for all oractical oumoses. develoomeuts of rouehlv the last decade. activity-theories of interionic attraction, electrode potentials, liquid junction potentials, irreversible electrolytic processes, pclarization, structure of electrolytic deposits. The exposition a t the development of new polymeric substances for specific freqcently deviates from that usually found in current textbooks purposes, rather than a t an understanding of their structure and on the subject. VOLW 11. Gravimctric Elgtrolytic Analysis and Electrolytic properties. Gradually, however, thanks to the efforts of a few pioneers who had the courage t o tackle what seemed to be a Marsh Teats. Particular attention is given to the methods for hopelessly intricate set of problems, some of the fundamental separatingmetals by control of the cathode-potential with the aid questions regarding formation of macromolecules were solved, of an auxiliary electrode, as simplikd by Lassieur by the introand a beginning was made in the correlation of the observable duction of what may be described as high-resistance voltmeters properties of polymeric systems with their molecular structure. in place of the potentiometers previously used. The brief explanatory characterization of each metal, given in the chapter Synthesis and determination of structure is prime.rily the task - with orexriotions for ouantitative deoosition.. h e l ~ st o of the organic chemist; the second group of problems is essenti- dealine cotirdinate the practice of analysis with an appreciation of physally the field of the physical chemist. Professor Mark's hook has a twofold purpose: first, t o sum- ico-chemical principles. marize the methods of physical chemistry which may he applied STUDENTS.H. Morton, B.Sc., A. to the field of high polymers; and second, t o sum up and criti- SCIENCEFOR HANDICRAFT Inst. P. ChemicalPublishing Co., Inc., New York City, 1940. cally review what has been accomplished todate insuch applica149 pp. 156 figs. 13.5 X 21.8 cm. $3.00. tion. Many of the methods which the author discusses have not yet been applied to high polymers, or else their application is still This textbook for handicraft students of all typw deals with in the preliminary stages; the inclusion of many suggestiom of the application of thu ccientific principles of mechanics, hydroproblems yet to be investigated is one of the most valuable fea- statics. chemistry, and clcctricity to cvcryday life and especially tures of the monograph. to workshop practice in wood and metal.
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