JOURNAL O F CHEMICAL EDUCATION
640
offectivo in all plants that purify the atmosphere. Other chlorophyll~,certain carotenoids, and proteinaoeous phycohilins that accompany chlorophyll a in some plants m e also effective in photosynthesis. Experiments with the sensitive adsorption method indicate that chlorophyll a and the other pigments that accompany it do not undergo chemical change during the utilization of the radiant solar energy by plants. Accordingly, the link between lieht aheomtion hv and the formation of or- ~iements .gmic mat& and oxygen may lie in the colorless components of t,he labile cellular noarts. Althoueh mare irrelevant facts are
combination with other parts of the living cells. In making Ingenhousz' publication more readily available and in correlating the early experiments with current results and interpretations, Dr. Reed has helped to cross-fertilize the materialistic and nhilosoohical asoects of science. Therebv. he has
a
POCKET ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ATOMIC ENERGY
W t e d by Frank Gaynor. Philosophical Library, New York, 1930. (Printed in Britain.) 204 pp. IUustrated. 14.5 X 22 cm.
$7.50. The flyleaf of this book states that "the purpoae of this book is to present a comprehensive collection of brief explanations and delinitions of concepts and terms in the field of nuclear physics and atomic energy to the scholar, researcher, teacher, librarian, student, and intelligent layman." There are individual entries for every element, indicating: chemical symbol, groups of the periodic table, atomic numher and weight, stable isotopes, radioisotopes, eto. Brief descriptions of the best known types of nuclear reactions are also given and there is an entry for every member of the known radioactive families, indicating: symhol, atomic numher, mass numher, type of radiation, and half-life. The book contains over 2000 entries, chsrts, tables, and illustrations and lids the Goman equivalents for a great many of the terms defined. TRATADO DE QUIMICA ORGANICA Enrique V. Zappi, Professor of Organic Chemistry in the Universities of Buenos Aires and La Plata. First edition. Volume I. Parts I1 and Ill. Libreria y Editorial "El Ateneo," Buenos 666 pp. 15.5 X 23.5 Aires. Argentina, 1949. Part 11, xvi 844 pp. 15.5 X 23.5 om. cm. Part Ill, xrr
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I1 and 111 continue the diicussion of acyclic compounds Pa~m and oomplete Volume I of this treatise on organic chemistry. Part I1 is divided into eight chapters dealing with ether oxides and thiaethers; smines and their derivatives; dkyl derivatives of the metals and nonmetals in groups I to V of the periodic table (systematically discussed and with emphasis on the Grignsrd reaction); aldehydes; ketones; monobasio aoids; esters; and derivatives by substitution in the carhoxyl group. Part 111 is divided into twelve chapters dealing with glycols; acid-alcohols; amino acids, peptides, and proteins; monobasic acid-aldehydes and acid-ketones; dibasic acids; diiydmxy dibasic aoids; sugam (comprising close to 200 pages and including a systematic procedure for their identification contributed by Dr. Calderon); derivstives of cyanogen and of carbonic acid; and acidic and cyclic ureides. The high standards set by the previously published parts [cf. T ~ rJOPRNAL, s 10.98 (1942); 21,468 (1944); 22,519 (1945)l are
encountered here again. The presentation is generally advanced and up to date. As before, proofs of constitution snd structural formulas and diagrams are abundant and well arranged and add noticeably to the pedagogical objectives of the book. Typographiortlly the work is excellent, and the numher of errors and misprints is very small. An occasional pentavalent carbon, hydrogen with a coordination number of 3 or 4 (pp. 677, 781), and questionable structures for the carbonyls and ferrocyanides (pp. 1906, 1951) do not detract from the general character of the hook. Since Volume I1 of the present work appeared before Volume I, the task so oourageaudy initisted by Dr. Zappi in 1941 is here completed. The task has proven even greater than expected, and the four parts initially intended have become six. Physically, the "Treatise" consists of about 3500 pages of text, exclusive of very extensive and complete indexes, 224 tables in which properties, classifications, syntheses, etc., are outlined and systematized, and a larep numher of diaerams.
noticeable everywhere and arc very ~uccessful. The work is primarily of a descriptive nature, the subject of organic chemistry being systematically presented. Theoretical concepts are scattered a t the plaecs the author has considered most appropriate. This is well done, but one wonders whether in a text of the pmportions of the present one a more coordinated presentation of the theory should not have been attempted. Again, the lack of references to the original literature is much to he regretted. Dr. Zappi is to he congratulated for the successful completion of a first-class contribution to the chemical literature in Spaniah. I t will find its place both a8 an advanced text and as a reference book. J. G ~ M E Z - I B ~ ~ E Z W ~ s L l Y a aUNNEnalTr MmoLe~own.Coanecrrcu.r
PHYSICAL SYSTEMS
CHEMISTRY OF HIGH
POLYMEFiIC
H. Mark, Director, Institute of Polymer Research, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklm, and A. V. Tobolsky, Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Princeton University. Second edition. Vol. Il of "High Polymers," a series of monographs. Interscience Pub506 pp. 165 figs. 108 lishers, Inc., New York, 1950. d i tahles. 15.5 X 23.5 om. $6.50.
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TENyears ago, I reviewed the hst edition of Professor Mark's "Ph,ysical Chemistry of High Polymeric System".(J. CHEM. E ~ u c . ,18, 200 (1941)). My review contained the statement: "Many of the methods which the author discussed have not yet been applied to high polymers, or else their application is still in the preliminmy stages; the inclusion of many snggestionsof probl e m yet to be investigated is one of the most valuable features of the monograph." The author and his collaborator have, in the new edition, fulfilled the promise made in the old one: early suhsections have grown to full chapters and "it has been shown. . ." appears instead of "it would be interesting to investigate . . in many places. This does not imply that we may consider the physical chemistry of polymers a closed subject; the present treatise still suggests new problem-problems which could not he forewen in 1940. and which reauired settlement of some of the -~~ 1910 pl.oh.rm Ihefow they wuld I,(. formu13ted. The rxpnnxiolr of the hook is a rnrasurr of the expausion of rhr firlrl in the la31 decade; the author index llrs grown from sir page ro tm. The f w r new pagrs rcpwwnt mure w w k by tht: P~OIIPPTSin the field l 1910. and many papera by nutlxm new to t he f i ~ l r slncr The general plan of the hook follows rhe ori~innloutline. Thc r first first 246 nnms of this edition arc rlowlr ~ n t t r r r m ~l f t r thc 206 pages oithe initisl version, with e x p a h m a t sppropriate intervals. These are the sections which deal with the structure of matter in general, with special attention to polymers. To econo-
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NOVEMBER, 1950 mize on space, several subjects (for example, X-rays, electrical and light scattering) are treated mostly from the fundamental rather than the applied point of view, although references are given to review srticles. Industrial readers will probably welcome the convenience of having this fundamental physical chemistry in a reference book on polymers; academic readers, on the other hand, possibly would prefer to have the general material covered by reference and to see more details of applications to polymeric systems. The second half of the book is an expansion from 128 to 242 pages on the thermodynamics, hydrodynamics, and kinetics of polymers, plus a new chapter on mechanical properties. I t is in these four fields that much of the work of the last ten years has been concentrated; it is natural, therefore, to expoot a considerable increase in the space devoted to them. Our present understanding of thermodynnmics and hydrodynamics of polymer solutions represents a tremendous advance over tho status of these ten years ago; the authors present in a very readable style an outline of this work, with an exrellent bibliography. The section on mechanical properties is a review of clsssical theory, followed by a summary of the recent significant work from the Princeton laboratories. In kinetics, copolymeriaation (st best, a beginning art ten years ago), redox system, absolute reaction rat&, emhlsion polymerization, and chain transfer are all modern subjects which are carefully summarised, along with the previous material. The book is warmlv recommended to all research workem in the field of polymers. It is essentially a reference and aonrce book rather than a text hook: the field is now so brosd that m n y detailils of derivation and procedure were of necessity omitted, as the authors state in their preface. RAYMOND M. FUOSS
INTRODUCTION TO PLANT BIOCHh'MISTRY Catherine C. Steele, M.A., BSo., Ph.D. St. Andrews, sometime ledurer in chemistry at the Horticultural College, Swanley, Kent. Second revised edition. G. Bell & Sons. Ltd., London. 1949. viii 346 pp. 12 figs. 6 tables. 14.5 X 22 cm. 22/6d.
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T m s book, a revision of that published in 1934, is designed to pmvide the botany student ". . .with an introductory account of the chemical nature and relationships of the substances elahorated by plants." The book is divided into seven sections. The first deals with the colloidal state and chemical composition of plants. The next five sections survey the kinds of organic compounds found in plants: 11, alcohols, fatty acids, fats, and oils; 111, aldehydes, ketones, and carbohydrates; IV, plant acids; V, proteins and related compounds; VI, cyclic compounds. Each subject is introduced by a. consideration of the general organio chemistry and properties of the compounds. This is followed by a short treatment of the hiogenesis and physiological function of the eompounds as plant metabolites. The author often offers interesting notions on the function of these compounds, examples of which are: "[glycosidesl. . perform a biologicsl fundon in protecting the plant from raids by animals.. . " and "[fat synthesis]. . plays sn important part in the defence mechanism of the plent against low temperatures." However, as a general s u m y of plant products the fimt six sections of the book will be found useful, although some of the subjects such as the pectins receive a very brief treatment in spite of the wealth of information that has itccumul~tedsince 1934. The seventh section, Plant Metabolism, is subdivided into chapters on eneymes, photosynthesis, respiration, nitrogen metab o h m , plant growth, and fmit ripening. Unfortunately, lack of clarity and general sketchiness serve to detract greatly from what might have been the most useful part of the book. The chapter on respiration is particularly disappointing because of the failure to provide the student with a clear and precise picture of the biochemiesl mechanisms involved in respiration and fermentation. Thus, the citric acid oyde isdismissed with one page and sum-
marized by the statement that ". . . isocitric acid is the most oxidizable substance in the cycle and experiments indicate that h a 1 oxidation to carbon dioxide and water ocour a t this point." The chapter on plant growth suffers from the author's apparent unfamiliaritv with the literature an the hormonal control of ~ l a n t maize germ oil. S.
Q. WILDMAN
CALIFORNIA I R ~ T I T OOP T ~T ~ E N O L O O I
P * a ~ o e ~ aC~u.laonrna .
ELEMENTS OF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS Michael Golomb, Associate Professor of Mathematics, Purdue University; and Merrill Shonks, Associate Professor of Mathe. matics and Aeronautical Engineering, Pmdue University. First Edition. International Series in Pure and Applied Mathematics, Consulting Editor: William Ted Martin. MeGraw-Hill B w k Company. New York. 1950. ix 356 pp. 49 figs. 16 X 24 cm. $3.50.
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To quote from the preface: "This text is intended for use in s first course in ordinary differential equations and is written for students who have had hut a year's course in elementmy calculus. It is designed to appeal to studenta majoring in engineering, science, or mathematics." The book opens with a chapter devoted to a review (and collection of formulas) of such a first course in calculus. The remaining chapters of the book are based on this chapter in such a way that it is apparent that the first o b jective has been well attained. The authors are in the Mathematics and Aeronautical Engineering Departments of Purdue University. The result of their combined effortsis a b w k which mixes in an admirable fashion the demands for logic and rigor of a mathematician and the practical ideas of an engineer. The reader is introduced to the concepts of differential equetions by means of geometric interpretations. Various types of differential equations are solved by methods suggestive of general procedures. The use of special rules and formulas is avoided. Operator notation is introduced and the operational methods are discussed in a logical fashion. Later, various special equations srre discussed. The authors are to be commended for the introduction of a chapter devoted to the discussion of Bessel functious, Legendre polynomials, hypergeometric functions, and various other related subjects not usually discussed in such a book. The procedures me well illustrated by the inclusion of many examples. These examples are well chosen as problems which are often met in theoretical physics and related fields. The examples themselves will form a useful reference collection for the student. Many problems for the readw, with answers, m e provided.
ELECTRONIC MECHANISMS OF REACTIONS
ORGANIC
Allon R. Day, Associate Professor of Organic Chemimky, Uni-' versity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. America. Book Company, New York, 1950. 314 pp. 15 X 2 3 em. $3.50. THIS book is an outgrowth of a course developed by Professor Day for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students. Its expressed purpose is to systematize the study of organic chemistry through the use of electronic mechanism. There a x thirty chapters ranging from two pages in length (alkane hydrocarbons) to twenty-nine pages (carboxylio acids and derivatives). The electronic interpretations of the wellknown reactions for each elass of compounds are taken up in an orderly fashion. The treatment is entirely qualitative, and i a
