Vol. 43, No. 1
INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
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I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G CHEMISTRY
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CONNECTION FOR PRESSURE EOUALIZATION LINE
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INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
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outside \\-all is purposely made weak in order that, in event of a11 esplosiorl, the weak wall \rould be destroyed easily without swiour damage to the other rooms in t h e building. Combustible ga,* atinlyws arc made automatically :it eight 01' tho niore iniportant 1oc:rtion~on the unit. Leaks are thereforr cluickly and w d y disovercd. To make certain that a tlangeroiip :iccuniul:ition uf coinhuFtil)le gases will tie prevented, three esbust Earis arc' installrtl, two near the floor and one in the ceiling ol' 11ir i ~ i i o n i . [ t i i,outine oprr:itioii or aa a preventive measure, :iiiy c k s i r i d i~~itiiI~in:itinii of fans may lie eniplol-ed, or all three f:ttir iii:i:' Iw ol)iJr:itcd from :t single snitch. In emergencies or in cvt~rit o t a 11uild-up of coniliuitiblr gas t o 10% of the lower esplosiw c-onwntration limit of hydrogen. the continuous conil)ustil,le g:ts mrtrr ol)er:itei rc)lny; which turn on all the fans, turn off all p o w r t o the unit. a n d sound : i n alarm. T h e switches in the eiiiergtwry cvircuitz: :iw 1oc:itrd outside the rooni t o prevent possil~lct=q)losiona initiated liy spirliing of t.lie w i t c h contacts. T h e coniliinrd f a i i ixparity 1iw niinute is cqunl t,o the volunic of the rooni. tinil providml for iutrotlucing t.liat quantity i ~ fair 1)rr iriinuti. t.ii t,iic. r i ~ n i . froin the unit are es1i:iusted into a coninion v r n t tulle iarges the gwea a t n height of approximately 40 f < s i z t :tlmvc the i)uilding. Prriodic checks are made to ensur? th:it : t t , :dl tinicss t h e aniourit of gas being discharged is insufficiiJnt to coiitnniiii:rttJ tlir :irw n h u t the huiltling. All vital ?pots of thr. pilot unit :&re cwrinecteil through Illon-out tli to t h ? \-(.lit tulit~:I.. d i t r \ r i i i i t 1,'iguw I . .\ p r i + t i r ~ ~opc.r:itt.tl switch i. provideti \rliic.h yirrs :iit :iI:irin :%ridstol):' the llis ronipri~s,~i)r if tlica iutnlie prwsure tlroi's Iic~lo\r 40 p ~ u i ~ tpcr l s sqii:Lrc. iiirli. This procedure k w p s :I posiitivc~])T(+ .lire oii tlic iritiilit, t i i tiit, c'oiiil)rwsnr :it :ill times antl preretits t l i v 111i4hilityI)!' :iir c,orit:itiiiii:itic,tr i i i tlip gas briny c o n i p r i ~ s d . .\ I 3 1 ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ 1 iox>.grn iii1i :in:~lyzeris provided for dctcriiiininy t ti(, osygi'ii c v t i t i . i i t of g:i-e.: \\-lic~nN(.II iiii'ornintiotr is dwir:ililr.
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Vol. 43. No. 4
Reactor
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April 1951
INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
1017
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INDUSTRIAL A N D E N G I N E E R I N G CHEMISTRY
Vol. 43, No. 4
E'igurr i.I k t a i l k of Separator arid Herci\cr*
(rravity, ' A.1'.1. Aniline point, I(' Elementary a n a l p i - , M t. Carbon Hydrogen Sulfur .iS.T..\I. distillation, " (1. Initial b. u.
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moment so that, 110 ifferentials in excess 0 1 100 pounds per square inch may came the hellowe to rupturr. \\ it11 proper care a Lello\vs \$-illla.qt for over 4 morithsofoperatioll. The liquid product, trom t h v I ' U I I is withdrawn a t periodi(8 i i i ~ c ~ v a aiid la debut~anizrd, u h g bhr stabilizer l ' h e outlet temperaturrs from the .;t,al)ilizers RI' rii,rulatiiig brine from :I i~oiirtarit-trmprl.atu~e tjath. ( ) t i t:~inipletion of a run, the t)ellows recycle gas pump ir Irii i i i uItrratioii until the catalyst has t)reri thoroughly purged. 'l'hr i i i i i t i? then tiepressured and the aquilibriuni gas sampled xncl vtAritrd t o providr complett. f i g i i i ~ tf i~l l ~ , the gar; uiicl liquid ni:trrri:il 1
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the reactor and t h e unit has been thoroughly purged \.villi an inert gas, t h e system is brought u p to operating pressure : i i i ( l tested carefully for leaks. A fine capillary tube is employrtl i l l the feed gas orifice meter a n d a n y small leak in t h e system ~ H I bI e detected quickly on t h e manometer. When t h e unit is free or leaks, t h e reactor section is depresswed and brought u p to t r i l l perature. T h e reactor heads a r e then tightened again at the el(>vated temperature, and the whole system brought up t o o p r a t i 1 i g pressure.
Hefore t h r ruii i5 started, :t vhc~c-kis niadtfi 01' thr ca1il)ralioii O I the two orifire meters over t h r operating raiigr t o he usrti for f l i t . run, Since the composition of the i ~ c y c l egas i p roiist:iiit I? changing for most of the experimental runs. c:tlihr:stioii I'or t ht, recycle flow must necessarily IJP made on an idwl gap t) orifice meters in t h e fresh feed gas stream, ho\ve\,tIr. can (,:ilk Itrated for t h e gas being used, and as :I double check. ttit. IiigIi Iiressure tanks are calibrated for tht. volunir of gas deliveIrt1 :is :t function of pressure drop. Cl;ing thr proper corrections for the liquid displacement of the gas in the receiver syst,em, it is possiblr to niake a n accurate balance of the gases being fed t o thP u i i i r :iii,l the gases being removed from the rniit. 111s
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