Polymer Characterization - ACS Publications - American Chemical

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Polymer Characterization

In Polymer Characterization; Craver, C., et al.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1990.



ADVANCES

IN

CHEMISTRY

SERIES

Polymer Characterization


Physical Property, Spectroscopic, and Chromatographic Methods

Clara D. Craver, Chemir

EDITOR Laboratories

Theodore Provder, The Glidden

EDITOR

Company

(Member of ICI Paints)

Developed from a symposium sponsored by the Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering at the 196th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Los Angeles, C A , September 25-30, 1988

American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 1990


227


Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Polymer Characterization: Physical Property, Spectroscopic, and Chromatographic Methods Theodore Provder, editor; Clara D. Craver, editor, p. cm.—(Advances in Chemistry Series, ISSN 0065-2393; 227) Developed from a symposium sponsored by the Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering at the 196th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Los Angeles, CA, September 25-30, 1988. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8412-1651-7 1.

Polymers—Congresses

I. Provder, Theodore. 1939II. Craver, Clara D. III. American Chemical Society. Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering. IV. American Chemical Society. Meeting (196th: 1988: Los Angeles, Calif.). V. Series. QD1.A355 no. 227 [QD380] 540 s-dc20

90-47157 CIP

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984 0

Copyright © 1990 American Chemical Society All Rights Reserved. The appearance of the code at the bottom of the first page of each chapter in this volume indicates the copyright owner's consent that reprographic copies of the chapter may be made for personal or internal use or for the personal or internal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per-copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 27 Congress Street, Salem, M A 01970, for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to copying or transmission by any means—graphic or electronic—for any other purpose, such as for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating a new collective work, for resale, or for information storage and retrieval systems. The copying fee for each chapter is indicated in the code at the bottom of the first page of the chapter. The citation of trade names and/or names of manufacturers in this publication is not to be construed as an endorsement or as approval by ACS of the commercial products or services referenced herein; nor should the mere reference herein to any drawing, specification, chemical process, or other data be regarded as a license or as a conveyance of any right or permission to the holder, reader, or any other person or corporation, to manufacture, reproduce, use, or sell any patented invention or copyrighted work that may in any way be related thereto. Registered names, trademarks, etc., used in this publication, even without specific indication thereof, are not to be considered unprotected by law. PRINTED IN T H E UNITED STATES O F AMERICA


Advances in Chemistry Series


M. Joan Comstock, Series Editor 1990 ACS Books Advisory Board Paul S. Anderson

M e r c k Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories

V. Dean Adams

Tennessee Technological University

Alexis T. Bell University of California— Berkeley

Malcolm H. Chisholm

Indiana University

Natalie Foster

Lehigh University

G. Wayne Ivie

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service

Mary A. Kaiser E . I. d u Pont de Nemours and Company

Michael R. Ladisch Purdue University

John L. Massingill D o w Chemical C o m p a n y

Robert McGorrin Kraft General Foods

Daniel M. Quinn University of Iowa

Elsa Reichmanis

A T & T Bell Laboratories

C. M. Roland U.S. N a v a l Research Laboratory

Stephen A. Szabo Conoco Inc.

Wendy A. Warr

Imperial C h e m i c a l Industries

Robert A. Weiss

University of Connecticut


FOREWORD


The

A D V A N C E S IN C H E M I S T R Y S E R I E S was

f o u n d e d i n 1949

by

the A m e r i c a n C h e m i c a l Society as an outlet for symposia a n d collections of data i n special areas of topical interest that c o u l d not be a c c o m m o d a t e d i n the Society's journals. It provides a m e d i u m for symposia that w o u l d otherwise be fragmented because t h e i r papers w o u l d be d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g several journals o r not p u b l i s h e d at a l l . Papers are r e v i e w e d critically according to A C S e d i t o r i a l standards a n d receive the careful attention a n d processing characteristic of A C S publications. V o l u m e s i n the

A D V A N C E S IN C H E M I S T R Y S E R I E S maintain

the

integrity of the symposia o n w h i c h they are based; h o w e v e r , v e r b a t i m reproductions of p r e v i o u s l y p u b l i s h e d papers are not accepted. Papers may i n c l u d e reports of research as w e l l as r e v i e w s , because symposia m a y e m b r a c e b o t h types of presentation.


A B O U T THE E D I T O R S


CLARA

D.

CRAVER

is

the

president

of

C h e m i r Laboratories, w h i c h she f o u n d e d i n 1958, a n d vice president of P o l y t e c h Laboratories. She r e c e i v e d h e r B . S c . d e gree i n c h e m i s t r y from O h i o State U n i v e r s i t y i n 1945 a n d was a w a r d e d the honorary degree of D o c t o r of Science b y F i s k U n i v e r s i t y i n 1974. H e r early w o r k at E s s o Research Laboratories, 1945-1949, r e s u l t e d i n patents on characterization of c o m p l e x h y d r o c a r b o n mixtures. She establ i s h e d the m o l e c u l a r spectroscopy laboratory at Battelle M e m o r i a l Institute i n 1949, a n d as g r o u p leader t h r o u g h 1958, she c o n d u c t e d spectroscopic studies for B a t telle's research projects a n d o r i g i n a l r e search i n the areas of d r y i n g oils, asphalts, paper, a n d rosins. H e r research on organic coatings w o n h e r the 1955 C a r b i d e a n d C a r b o n A w a r d of the A C S D i v i s i o n of Organics Coatings a n d Plastics C h e m i s t r y . I n 1975 she became c h a i r m a n of that d i v i s i o n a n d has b e e n active i n A C S governance c o n t i n u a l l y since t h e n . I n the early 1980s, C r a v e r i n i t i a t e d workshops o n F o u r i e r transform infrared spectroscopy at A C S national meetings to offer educational o p p o r tunities along w i t h symposia o n n e w d e v e l o p m e n t s i n p o l y m e r characterization. She began the C o b l e n t z Society's spectral p u b l i c a t i o n p r o g r a m a n d is editor of five books of S p e c i a l C o l l e c t i o n s of Infrared Spectra a n d of an 11-volume spectral data collection. She served as consultant to A S T M for t h e i r evaluated infrared spectral p u b l i c a t i o n p r o g r a m , s u p p o r t e d b y the O f fice of Standard Reference D a t a of the N a t i o n a l B u r e a u of Standards. She was c h a i r m a n of the Joint C o m m i t t e e o n A t o m i c a n d M o l e c u l a r P h y s i c a l D a t a , o n w h i c h she n o w serves as E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e m e m b e r - a t - l a r g e . She is past c h a i r m a n of the A S T M C o m m i t t e e o n M o l e c u l a r Spectroscopy, a n d was n a m e d a F e l l o w of A S T M i n 1982 w h e n she r e c e i v e d that o r g a n i -

vii


zation's highest a w a r d , the A w a r d of m e r i t . She is a F e l l o w of the A m e r i c a n Institute of C h e m i s t s a n d a C e r t i f i e d Professional C h e m i s t . She was h o n o r e d b y b e i n g n a m e d the 1989 N a t i o n a l H o n o r a r y M e m b e r of the W o m e n ' s Professional H o n o r a r y C h e m i s t r y S o r o r i t y , Iota S i g m a P i .


She is d i r e c t o r of the F i s k Infrared Institute h e l d a n n u a l l y at V a n d e r b i l t U n i v e r s i t y o n I R , R a m a n , a n d F T I R spectroscopy. She also lectures at o t h e r short courses a n d is an A C S t o u r speaker. She continues to d i r e c t short courses i n c l u d i n g F T I R laboratories at national A C S meetings for the D i v i s i o n of P o l y m e r i c M a t e r i a l s : Science a n d E n g i n e e r i n g .

T H E O D O R E P R O V D E R is P r i n c i p a l S c i e n t i s t

at T h e G l i d d e n C o m p a n y ' s R e s e a r c h C e n ter a n d is responsible for the research activities of the M a t e r i a l s Science Dep a r t m e n t . H e r e c e i v e d a B . S . degree i n C h e m i s t r y from the U n i v e r s i t y of M i a m i i n 1961 a n d a P h . D . degree i n P h y s i c a l C h e m istry from the U n i v e r s i t y of W i s c o n s i n i n 1965. A f t e r r e c e i v i n g his doctorate, he j o i n e d the M o n s a n t o C o m p a n y i n St. L o u i s as a S e n i o r R e s e a r c h C h e m i s t a n d c a r r i e d out research o n the characterization a n d m a t e r i a l properties of exploratory p o l y m e r s arid composites. W h i l e at M o n santo, his research interests focused o n m o l e c u l a r w e i g h t characterization, p a r t i c ularly b y size exclusion chromatography. R e c e n t l y , P r o v d e r ' s research has focused on size exclusion chromatography, particle size d i s t r i b u t i o n analysis, cure c h e m i s t r y a n d physics, a n d the a p p l i c a t i o n of computers i n the p o l y m e r laboratory. H e is the author of m o r e than 85 publications, is c r e d i t e d w i t h three patents, a n d has e d i t e d seven A C S S y m p o s i u m Series v o l u m e s . P r o v d e r was past c h a i r m a n of the A C S D i v i s i o n of P o l y m e r i c M a t e r i a l s : Science a n d E n g i n e e r i n g a n d has served o n the A d v i s o r y B o a r d for the A C S Books D e p a r t m e n t a n d o n the E d i t o r i a l A d v i s o r y B o a r d for A C S ' s Industrial i? Engineering Chemistry Product Research and Development j o u r n a l . H e c u r r e n t l y is a m e m b e r of the e d i t o r i a l boards for the journal of Coatings Technology a n d Progress in Organic Coatings. H e is also the c u r r e n t treas-

viii


u r e r for the Joint P o l y m e r E d u c a t i o n C o m m i t t e e of the D i v i s i o n of P o l y m e r i c M a t e r i a l s a n d P o l y m e r C h e m i s t r y . P r o v d e r is a r e c i p i e n t of an S C M C o r poration Scientific a n d T e c h n i c a l A w a r d i n the area of c o m p u t e r

modeling

a n d two G l i d d e n A w a r d s for T e c h n i c a l E x c e l l e n c e for advanced latex particle size analysis m e t h o d s a n d i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n d e v e l o p m e n t . I n a d d i t i o n , P r o v d e r r e c e i v e d the coatings industry's highest h o n o r b y b e i n g a w a r d e d the 1987 Joseph J . M a t t i e l l o L e c t u r e at the a n n u a l m e e t i n g of the F e d e r a t i o n of Societies for Coatings T e c h n o l o g y . I n 1989, P r o v d e r was a w a r d e d the A C S D i v i s i o n of P o l y m e r i c M a t e r i a l s : Science a n d E n g i n e e r i n g R o y W . Tess


A w a r d i n coatings.

ix


Polymer Characterization - ACS Publications - American Chemical

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