PRINCIPLES AND MFPHODS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS Homld F. Walton, Department of Chemistry, University of Colo. rado. Prentice-Hall, Inc., New York, 1952. ix 435 pp. Illustrated. 14.5 X 22 em. $6.50.
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THISbook is well designed as an advanced text in the more classical forms of quantitative analysis, or, as the author puts it, in "conventional" analysis. Considerable attention is given to the newer methods such as ion exchange, the "compl&nes," and nanaqueous titretions. Noninstmmental methods, in thc presentdav usace of the term. are stressed. althoueh the author reali~es t,hP diffihies of suoh's. distinction ~husooulometricmet,horis nod high in.quertcj titration\ :jrr inrluded, nrnl poteutionwtry ir thorotrghly discussed ns Iwing grmmmr In,nII tlrr*tlon proredures. The general plan is to discuss the fundamentals of the various methods and then to present practical exampl3s taken from useful procedures and, in some cases, the techuiqus involved. Prohlem m e included in all but the introductory chaptem. The emphasis is not on the procedures or an explicit directions; however, a. wide variety of determinations are mentioned. Enough practical information is contained in the book that its value as a eeneral reftwncr is enl.unevd. l'hc t e x t presupposes n knoulwl~eof phyiiiral chmristr!. in the ~levelopmentof the theoretivnl puts, and mmaitlerilblr organic rllrn~istrvis irrcluded tlrrouglrout. The hook fills a need for texts or references between the usual undergraduate material and more specialized graduate-level courses. I t would fit best as a senior undergraduate test, hut since our programs do not generally allow room for such a course, it can serve in a beginning graduate course. Roughly the first half of the hook treats gravimetric anslysis and separations. This includes electrolytic methods (with coulometric work incorporated here), organic precipitants, complex ions (especially as applied to separations), ion exchange, distill& tion, and solvent extraction. The remainder is devoted tovolu~~
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systems is in error in attributing absorption to the "o~cillatian" of electrons among resonance forms. The finel chapter is some what mmo difficult to justify in the field of noninstrumental analysis than the other topics, but it is well written and defended on the basis of indicating newer methods as well as other techniques in somedifficult systems. The only topic which t,hereviewer feels was slighted is a. more detailed discussion of the colloidal state. Much of this material is implicit in the treatment, but the mechanism of coagulation and peptisation is berely mentioned. JOAN A. WISE
Smmono U ~ V E B ~ T P S T A N P ~ ~CD*.L I ~ ~ N - I *
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are d h ~ s s e d . Acid-base titrations, inciuding a brief review of nonsqueous solvents,,and acid-base indicators are then presented. Oxidation-reduction methodsfrom the point of view of the specific reagents, applications of oxidation-reduction in organic chemistry (including the Karl Fischer reagent), and oxidation-reduction indicatom are treated in order. Precipitation methods, from the point of view of the indicators, and complex-forming titrations, including chelating agents or "complexones," are then discussed. Finslly, a chapter on eondnctometrio titrations, inoluding brief descriptions of high frequency and smperometric titrations, is given. The appendixes include a bibliography of texts, a tenpage table of selected methods for determining the elements, numerical data, and answers to some of the problem. The material is conveniently documented, particularly far the period 194040, although later as well as earlier references are given. The number or errors in printing seems high, some of them of a troublesome nature. Thus the potential of the chromouschromic couple has the wrong sign, a necessary pH on page 319 is missing, a reaction with LiAIH, is not balanced, a potentiometric titration of LiAIH, uses two reference electrodes, and acetic anhydride and henzaldehyde are confused in s reaction on page 326. The reviewer objects somewhat to the dl-inclusive implication of the statement "...which we shall use as an example to show how all acid-base indicators work" appearing on page 248. The subsequent discusion on the origin of color in indicator 26
PRACTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
F. G. Mann, Trinity College, Cambridge, and B. C. Sounders, Magdalene College, Cambridge. Third edition. Longmans, 466 pp. Green and Co., London and New York, 1952. xrr 76 figs. 14.5 X 22 cm. 53.75.
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BECAUSE some teachers of organic chemistry may not be acquainted with earlier editions of this laboratory manual, it seems in order to describe briefly the organization of this third edition. Part I Methods and Manipulations (46 pages), is a brief but comprehensive description of the more common manipulative processes used in the e l e m e n t a ~organic laboratory. Part IS, Preparations (187 pages), contains a varied fare of the common syntheses usually found in most elementary mrtnusls. There are approximately 35 preparations of aliphatic compounds and 65 preparations of aromatic compounds. For the most part these are sepssated in the text, that is, aliphatic from aromatic. The quantities of reagents used me usually as small as is practicable for the hands of elementary students. A few semimicro preparations are included. Examples of reactions illustrating the beneidene rearrangement, Ullmann condensation, beneilic acid rearrangement, Reformatsky reaction, Clemmenson reduction, Fischer indolizatiotion, Msnnich reaction, and the Diels-Alder reaction have been added in this revision. The experimental directions are exoeptionally clear and concise. Their character prompted Sir William Pope to state in the foreword of the first edition. "The student who fails in anv of the res scribed exveriments khould look for the csuse of the mishap in his own-disregard of the meaning of the printed word." Part 111, Reactions and Identification of Organic Compounds (85 pages), is an elementary approach to qualitative organic analysis in which no attempt is made to include more than a cursory experience in the identification of organic compounds. The authors have felt that students should be thoroughly familiar with the reactions of the more common classes of compounds hefore attempting more elahorate procedures. The main scheme involves such tests as pyrolysis with and without soda lime, identification of elements, solubility in acidic and basic solutions and in concentrated sulfuric acid, carhanyl reactions, and reactiom with ferric chloride. There is no formal classification as to solubility behavior. The treatment seems quite adequate for use in conjunction with the work in the elementary course. Part IV, Quantitative Analysis (87 pages), isan excellent prea, entation of the common procedures used in the analysis of organic compounds. There is one section of macroanalyses and snobher The latter section was~ written ~ ~ of semimicro ~ - anrtlvses. ~ ~ ~ ~ by Dr. P. Sykes of ~amb;idge. The section of macroanalysis includes the Cariuius methods for halogen and sulfur, exceptionally ~
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comnlete desorintions of several methods for the determination of mol&uler wcidhts, and estimation of hydroyxl groups, amino groups, acetyl groups, formaldehyde, urea, sugars, and simple amino acids. The section on semimicro andyais includes estimation of carbon and hydrogen, nitrogen (Dumxs m d Kjeldahl) and methoxyl. Part V, Simple Enzyme Reactions (18 pages), is a novel feature usually not found in labomtory manuals of this type. Although the material muears to be the same as in the first edition, it seems appropriate &mention the presence of this section in the third edition. Bioloev and nremedicsl students who sre bared bv the usual prepar&ns a i d exercises in the laboratory will'find interesting reactions in this section. The text is probably one of the most adaptable laboratory manuals of its type. It is extremely well done with meticulous regard to detail. Every teacher of organic laboratory should sxsmine this hook if he has not rtlready done so. DONALD C. GREGG
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SELEClTD VALUES OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
Circular of the National Bureau of Standards 500. By Frederick D. Rossini, Donald D. Wagmon, William H. Evans, Samuel Levine, end Irving Jaffe. United States Government Printing Office, Washington. D. C., 1952. iv 1268 pp. 21 X 27 cm. $7.25.
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T m s hook oonstitutes a very valuable compilation of the thermodynamic data available up to April, 1950. Its price is so relativelv low that anv serious worker in the field of chemical can well aflord to purrlmsc x ropy for l.ia 1.wth~rmo~lynnmirc wnsl lilrmry; and, of eourr, all rdurntionrd institutions awl rewnwh lnbor~torictiwill find i t wry r.iwnti.tl for rhcir libmrirs. The present work is largely an outgrowth from "Thermochemistry of the Chemical Substances" by F. R. Bichowsky and F. D. Rossini 11936). I t is. however. considerablv more com-
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Walter Stiles, Emeritus Professor in the University of Birmingham, and William Lea=& Professor of Botany in the University of Manitoba. Methuen & Co. Ltd., London, and John Wiley & Sons, Ino., New York, 1952. vii 172 pp. 10 figs. 15 tables. 10.5 X 17 cm. 52.25.
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T m authors of this poeket-sized treatise an such a fundamental biological phenomenon as respiration have aimed a t a discussion of principles rather than a cataloguing of detailed observations. The result is an account of the process which is understandable and useful to both the elementary and advanced student. After an analysis and evaluation of technical procedures, there follows a brief survey of some of the classical and recently more critical work in a chapter devoted to aerobic respiration and another dealing with anerobic conditions. The fourth chapter is concerned with mechanisms of the process. I t occupies nearly hdf of the hook and has been largely rewritten for the present edition. Here the student will appreciate the concise descriptions of the several molecular organizations of glucose involved as well as the discussion of phosphorylation mechanisms and enzyme systems associated with anerohic respiration. A conservative point of view is maintained in considering the identity of aerobic cycles in plants with the more extensively demonstrated Krebs cycle in animal respiration. The chapter oloses with 8. discussion of the intriguing process of oxidative anabolism and the nature of energy transfer through energyrich phosphate bonds. Those of us who are engaged in teaching courses a t the general level constantly feel the need for providing students with the opportunity for independent pursuit of some particular phase of the subject: With regard to physiological studies, the elementary student often feels his lack of knowledge of even the rudiments of biochemistry. A book such as "Respiration in Plants" will give the student a t this point a very necessary lift in his intellectual endeavors. GEORGE L. CHURCH Beownr UNIVE~SITY P ~ o n n e a c a .Raona IBLAND
GENERAL AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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of all the elements, except carbon compounds oontaining more than two carbon atoms. First, six pages of introduction involve a brief discussion of units and fundamental constants. svmhals. standard states. in-
chemical calorie. Next come the various tables. Those of Series I cover 530 pages and contain the available values for: The heat of formation, free energy of formetian, entropy, heat capacity, and logarithm of the equilibrium constant of formation, all at 2 5 T . , and also the heat of formation a t O K The tables of Series 11, occupying over 280 pagea, then follow with values for the heat, temperature m d entropy of transition, fusion and vaporization. Finally, the authors present references to the tables of both series, as well as an asassemhlv references, which add areatlv - of general - . to the value of their work. The book is easy to use, and it is to be hoped that frequent revisions in the future will keep the compilation up to date. The magnitude of the compiling task has become such that only an organization like the National Bureau of Standards will have the time and adequate resources to undertake it. The user of the present tables will frequently find a blank space where he is seeking a desired value. Such blanks should provide incentives for numerous future researches in ohemical thermodynamics. GEORGE 8. PARKS
RESPIRATION IN PLANTS
P. J. Durrant, Ledurer in Chemistry, Selwyn College, Cambridge. Second edition. Longmans, Green and Co., New York, 1952. x 761 pp. 140 figs. 6 3 tables. 14.5 X 22 cm. $4.50.
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THIS text is, as was true of the &st editioh published in 1939, "designed particularly for students reading chemistry for higher School Certificate Exsminations, for Preliminary Medical Examinations, and for Entrmce Seholm~rshipsto the Universities." Ten chapters that deal with general principles are followed by 16 chapters devoted to the study of the elements and their important compounds. Forty pages of exmninstion questions that have been selected from universities of the British Commonwealth are included in the book. Answers are given for all of the mathematical problems in these questions. The hook has a good index. The majority of the figures are line drawings to illustrate industrial processes for the preparation of chemicals. The tables give an abundance of physieochemieal data. Photographs are not included. No exercises or reading lists are given at the ends of chapters. The paper is of good quality, the type is clear, and the book is attractively bound. This reviewer read the book with both interest and profit. The definitionp, statement of laws, and explanations of theory m e clearly worded and logically developed. In some instances it is felt that conciseness w a s achieved at the expense of needed qualiications. Historical material is rarely given. Descriptive chemistry is not included except in a limited way in connection with industrial urocesses for the manufacture of ohemieals.
