PREFACE THE
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S T A T E O F T H E A R T f o r w a t e r - s o l u b l e p o l y m e r s w a s the t o p i c o f a w o r k s h o p a n d s y m p o s i u m c o n d u c t e d i n 1984, the first s i n c e a s i m i l a r s y m p o s i u m w a s o r g a n i z e d f o r t h e 164th N a t i o n a l M e e t i n g o f t h e A m e r i c a n C h e m i c a l S o c i e t y i n N e w Y o r k i n 1972 b y N . M . B i k a l e s .
T h e s y m p o s i u m u p o n w h i c h this b o o k is b a s e d i n c l u d e d sessions o n p o l y m e r synthesis a n d c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n a n d o n the p e r f o r m a n c e of w a t e r s o l u b l e p o l y m e r s i n a p p l i c a t i o n s areas. T h e a p p l i e d areas i n c l u d e d w a t e r treatment, p e t r o l e u m , coatings, d e t e r g e n c y , textiles, a n d the use of w a t e r s o l u b l e p o l y m e r s as p r o t e c t i v e c o l l o i d s i n the e m u l s i o n synthesis o f a c r y l i c a n d v i n y l acetate latices a n d i n the p r o d u c t i o n o f p o l y ( v i n y l c h l o r i d e ) b y suspension processes. D u e to s p a c e l i m i t a t i o n s , m a n y o f the presentations i n b o t h the w o r k s h o p a n d the s y m p o s i u m are o m i t t e d f r o m this b o o k . A d e t a i l e d s y m p o s i u m o n the synthesis a n d c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f w a t e r s o l u b l e p o l y m e r s is p l a n n e d f o r the 194th N a t i o n a l M e e t i n g o f the A m e r i c a n C h e m i c a l S o c i e t y i n N e w O r l e a n s i n A u g u s t 1987. I n a p p l i c a t i o n s , cost-effectiveness defines the p o l y m e r s o f c h o i c e . A d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n of the p o l y m e r s c o m p l e m e n t i n g e v o l u t i o n i n m e c h a n i c a l t e c h n i q u e s i n w a t e r - t r e a t m e n t processes is g i v e n i n this b o o k . T h e s o l u t i o n p r o p e r t i e s o f i m p o r t a n c e i n the use o f w a t e r - s o l u b l e p o l y m e r s b o t h i n p e t r o l e u m r e c o v e r y processes a n d i n coatings a p p l i c a tions a r e s o l u t i o n r h e o l o g y , a d s o r p t i o n , a n d s t a b i l i t y . T h e r e l a t i v e i m p o r t a n c e o f these p a r a m e t e r s i n their use i n a v a r i e t y o f p e t r o l e u m processes, w h i c h i n c l u d e d r i l l i n g a n d f r a c t u r i n g , a n d i n coatings a p p l i c a tions is d i s c u s s e d i n this v o l u m e . T h e aqueous s o l u t i o n characteristics o f p o l y ( 2 - e t h y l - 2 - o x a z o l i n e s ) , a p r o d u c t that m a y c o n t r i b u t e s i g n i f i c a n t l y to a d h e s i v e t e c h n o l o g y i n the next d e c a d e , are also d e s c r i b e d . T h e m o s t s i g n i f i c a n t a d v a n c e i n w a t e r - s o l u b l e p o l y m e r s d u r i n g the past d e c a d e has b e e n their m o d i f i c a t i o n w i t h h y d r o p h o b i c m o i e t i e s . P u b l i c a t i o n s o n p o l y m e r i c surfactants, o r w a t e r - s o l u b l e p o l y m e r s , w i t h a m o d e r a t e p e r c e n t a g e o f h y d r o p h o b i c g r o u p s that s i g n i f i c a n t l y l o w e r the surface tension o f w a t e r are a b u n d a n t . N o n e o f the materials d e s c r i b e d i n this " p r i o r a r t " relate to the t e c h n o l o g y b e i n g d e v e l o p e d w i t h w a t e r s o l u b l e p o l y m e r s that c o n t a i n s u r f a c t a n t - t y p e h y d r o p h o b e s that are "appropriately placed". This type of water-soluble p o l y m e r was develo p e d f o r use i n l u b r i c a t i n g f l u i d f o r m u l a t i o n s w h e r e t h e y are a c c e p t e d c o m m e r c i a l m a t e r i a l s . T h e use o f h y d r o p h o b i c a l l y m o d i f i e d , w a t e r -
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Glass; Water-Soluble Polymers Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1986.
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s o l u b l e p o l y m e r s i n the p e t r o l e u m r e c o v e r y areas has b e e n e x p l o r e d , b u t has n o t yet a c h i e v e d a c c e p t a n c e . P r o d u c t s s t r u c t u r a l l y d i f f e r e n t f r o m the p o l y m e r s b e i n g u s e d i n l u b r i c a t i o n f l u i d s are a c h i e v i n g c o m m e r c i a l a c c e p t a n c e i n c o s m e t i c a n d coatings a p p l i c a t i o n s . T h e i r s o l u t i o n c h a r a c teristics i n the p r e s e n c e o f c o n v e n t i o n a l , l o w m o l e c u l a r w e i g h t surfactants a p p r o p r i a t e to their use i n the c o s m e t i c a r e a are g i v e n i n this b o o k . T h e i r v a l u e f r o m a c o n s u m e r s v i e w p o i n t a n d their m e c h a n i s t i c differences w i t h c o n v e n t i o n a l w a t e r - s o l u b l e p o l y m e r s u s e d i n coatings a p p l i c a t i o n s are also d i s c u s s e d . H y d r o p h o b i c a l l y m o d i f i e d , w a t e r - s o l u b l e p o l y m e r s o f the t y p e d i s c u s s e d i n this v o l u m e w i l l r e c e i v e significant attention d u r i n g the next d e c a d e . I express m y a p p r e c i a t i o n to those w h o p a r t i c i p a t e d i n the s y m p o s i u m f r o m w h i c h this b o o k w a s d e v e l o p e d . J. E. G L A S S
Department of Polymers and Coatings N o r t h D a k o t a State U n i v e r s i t y F a r g o , ND 58105-5516 D e c e m b e r 1985
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Glass; Water-Soluble Polymers Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1986.
