Preface, Richard Joseph Block 1906 - 1962, Bibliography of the

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Preface The t r a g i c death of D r . R i c h a r d J . B l o c k i n F e b r u a r y 1962 was a great s h o c k to h i s f r i e n d s and c o l l e a g u e s . T h e m e m b e r s of the E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e of the D i v i s i o n of B i o l o g i c a l C h e m i s t r y who w e r e f a m i l i a r w i t h h i s w o r k p r o p o s e d at the M a r c h 1962 m e e t i n g i n Washington that a s y m p o s i u m be held i n r e c o g n i t i o n of h i s l i f e t i m e efforts i n advancing knowledge i n a m i n o a c i d and p r o t e i n b i o c h e m i s t r y . It is particularly i m p o r t a n t that i n spite of R i c h a r d Block's r e l u c t a n c e to p a r t i c i p a t e i n Society a f f a i r s , other than to offer p a p e r s f o r p r e s e n t a t i o n and to a c cept i n v i t a t i o n s to take p a r t i n s y m p o s i a , the E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e was willing on the b a s i s of h i s reputation to s p o n s o r a s y m p o s i u m i n h i s honor at the n a t i o n a l m e e t i n g of the A m e r i c a n C h e m i c a l Society held i n A t l a n t i c C i t y i n September 1962. It i s f r o m t h i s s y m p o s i u m that p a p e r s of t h i s v o l u m e o r i g i n a t e d , in a d d i t i o n to i n v e s t i g a t i o n s of other authors, who w o u l d have w i s h e d to p a r t i c i p a t e but w e r e p r e s s e d w i t h other c o m mitments. T h e E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e was e s p e c i a l l y fortunate i n the ready acceptance by s u c h an eminent b i o c h e m i s t as Dr. Jack Stekol to take on the duties of both the o r g a n i z a t i o n of the R i c h a r d J . B l o c k M e m o r i a l S y m p o s i u m and the c r e a t i o n of t h i s v o l u m e . Such l a b o r s and those of the p a r t i c i p a n t s a r e a r e f l e c t i o n of the deep r e g a r d in w h i c hDr.Block was held by his c o l l e a g u e s . It w a s fitting that Dr. Stekol, a l i f e t i m e f r i e n d , i n t r o d u c e this volume w i t h a r e v i e w of R i c h a r d B l o c k ' s l i f e and h i s s c i e n t i f i c w o r k . In the e x t e n s i v e b i b l i o g r a p h y i n c l u d e d i n t h i s account, one finds a n u m b e r of books and r e v i e w s , s o m e of w h i c h s e r v e today as "bibles" f o r l a b o r a t o r y p r o c e d u r e s both f o r a m i n o a c i d and p r o t e i n r e s e a r c h ; and how many of us in the past c o n s u l t e d "Block and Boiling" f o r the a m i n o a c i d c o m p o s i t i o n of p r o t e i n s ! A s students o v e r a q u a r t e r of a c e n t u r y ago, s o m e of us wondered why the title of s o m e of Block's p a p e r s b o r e no r e l a t i o n to the contents. T h i s w a s h i s w a y of o v e r c o m i n g "administrative" p r e s s u r e s as to what should be done i n the l a b o r a t o r y , a p r o b l e m that i s particularly t o p i c a l today when C o n g r e s s i o n a l c o m m i t t e e s a r e q u e s t i o n i n g the f r e e d o m to " c h a n g e " the d i r e c t i o n of o n e ' s r e s e a r c h . B l o c k w a s a p i o n e e r i n this r e s p e c t ; the t i t l e s a t i s f i e d the a d m i n i s t r a t o r s who w e r e not s u f f i c i e n t l y knowledgeable to r e c o g n i z e that the research b o r e no obvious r e l a t i o n to the title. Y e t today at the N a t i o n a l Institute of M e n t a l H e a l t h and N e u r o l o g i c a l Institutes a r o u n d the country, b a s i c r e s e a r c h on a m i n o a c i d s and p r o t e i n s , not too m u c h u n l i k e Block's, i s p r e v a l e n t . In t h i s r e s p e c t the p a p e r s i n c l u d e d i n this volume, though apparently d i v e r s e , yet r e f l e c t a c e r t a i n i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p w e l l w i t h i n the scope of Block's g e n e r a l i n t e r e s t and s e r v e as an a d e quate t r i b u t e to h i s c o n t r i b u t i o n s . JULIUS SCHULTZ, Secretary Division of Biological Chemistry, American Chemical Society

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Stekol; Amino Acids and Serum Proteins Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1964.




Richard Joseph Block


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Richard Joseph Block


1906 - 1962 Richard Block and h i s w i f e , together w i t h Dr. and Mrs. Jerome A. Uram and 14 other p e r s o n s , d i e d i n a plane c r a s h on F e b r u a r y 4, 1962, s h o r t l y after l e a v i n g T i n g o Maria, P e r u . T h e A m e r i c a n s w e r e on a m i s s i o n s p o n s o r e d by the N a t i o n a l Institutes of H e a l t h in connection w i t h the I n t e r n a t i o n a l Program on N u t r i t i o n Studies. H i s u n t i m e l y death shocked h i s f r i e n d s and c o l l e a g u e s , and brought to an abrupt end h i s a c t i v e and p r o d u c t i v e c a r e e r . T h e b i b l i o g r a p h y of h i s p u b l i s h e d w o r k , p r i n t e d \ on pages xvi through xxiii, will g i v e s o m e i d e a of the scope of h i s a c t i v i t i e s i n the past 30 y e a r s , d u r i n g w h i c h he c o l l a b o r a t e d w i t h o v e r 70 s c i e n t i s t s . B l o c k left n u m e r o u s p r o j e c t s "on the fire." M o s t i m p o r t a n t of all, he left behind h i m f r i e n d s who deeply f e e l the l o s s of s u c h a rare human b e i n g . T h i s w a s h i s g r e a t e s t a c h i e v e m e n t . H e was b o r n i n M a c o n , G a . , on M a y 4, 1906, and r e c e i v e d h i s B . S . in c h e m i s t r y i n 1928 and h i s P h . D . i n p h y s i o l o g i c a l c h e m i s t r y i n 1931 at Y a l e . W h i l e at Y a l e he r e c e i v e d r e s e a r c h i n s p i r a t i o n , w h i c h n e v e r left h i m throughout l i f e , f r o m P r o f e s s o r L. B. M e n d e l , t o whose m e m o r y B l o c k r e m a i n e d f i e r c e l y l o y a l . B l o c k w a s a f r i e n d to h i s f r i e n d s . W h i l e he acknowledged h i s e n e m i e s , he i g n o r e d t h e m , not p e r m i t t i n g t h e m t o affect h i s way of l i f e o r h i s c o n v i c t i o n s . T o h i m e n e m i e s w e r e like booby t r a p s o r dangerous l e a k s i n the r o o f : They m e r e l y r e q u i r e d attention of a strictly t e c h n i c a l n a t u r e . H i s heart and m i n d w e r e i n his beloved a m i n o a c i d s and p r o t e i n s , and among the a m i n o a c i d s those containing s u l f u r r e c e i v e d a great d e a l of attention f r o m h i m and h i s c o l l a b o r a t o r s . In c o l l a b o r a t i o n w i t h R . J a c k s o n , B l o c k w a s among the first to e s t a b l i s h the n u t r i t i o n a l r o l e of methionine and to point to the p r o b a b l e pathway of the c o n v e r s i o n of i t s s u l f u r to that of c y s t e i n e . That w a s a c c o m p l i s h e d at a t i m e when tracer methodology w a s only a g l e a m i n the eye of the b i o c h e m i s t , and o n e ' s ingenuity and i m a g i n a t i o n had to be s t r a i n e d to the utmost in order to d e s i g n and execute e x p e r i m e n t s w h i c h would be next best t o a d i r e c t d e m o n s t r a t i o n of the c o n v e r t i b i l i t y of one metabolite i n t o a n other. H e studied the s y n t h e s i s and u t i l i z a t i o n of s u l f u r - c o n t a i n i n g c o m pounds i n m a n , r a t , dog, goat, c o w , ewe, b a c t e r i a , y e a s t s , c o c k r o a c h , and algae, constantly being a w a r e that the r e s u l t s a r e good only a s the methods w h i c h w e r e e m p l o y e d to obtain t h e m . H e devoted a g r e a t d e a l of h i s t i m e to the development of better and m o r e r e f i n e d c h e m i c a l and c h r o m a t o g r a p h i c methods for the i s o l a t i o n and d e t e r m i n a t i o n of a m i n o a c i d s i n p r o t e i n s f r o m a v a r i e t y of s o u r c e s , and he had even set up a l a b o r a t o r y i n h i s house for the p u r p o s e , w h e r e he w o r k e d at all h o u r s .

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M u c h t i m e and effort w e r e spent i n c o m p i l i n g the a n a l y t i c a l and p r e p a r a t i v e p r o c e d u r e s f o r s t u d y i n g the a m i n o a c i d c o m p o s i t i o n of p r o t e i n s of a n i m a l and plant o r i g i n , w h i c h r e s u l t e d i n h i s f i r s t book, " T h e D e t e r m i n a t i o n of the A m i n o A c i d s , " f o l l o w e d by f i v e m o r e d e a l i n g w i t h the a m i n o a c i d c o m p o s i t i o n of p r o t e i n s and foods, p a p e r c h r o m a t o g r a p h i c and e l e c t r o p h o r e t i c methods, and a n a l y t i c a l methods of p r o t e i n chemistry. T h i s a c t i v i t y had i t s p r a c t i c a l objective—namely, t o e s t a b l i s h , i n a c c o r d w i t h the v i e w s of L . B . M e n d e l and h i s students, the c o r r e l a t i o n of the a m i n o a c i d c o m p o s i t i o n of p r o t e i n s w i t h t h e i r n u t r i t i o n a l v a l u e . In c o l l a b o r a t i o n w i t h H . H . M i t c h e l l t h i s objective w a s a c c o m p l i s h e d . In 1933 B l o c k p r o p o s e d the " a n l a g e " hypothesis, w h i c h postulates that c e r t a i n s t r u c t u r e s of r e l a t i v e l y constant c o m p o s i t i o n a r e c o m m o n to a l l the s e r u m p r o t e i n s . In the last 5 y e a r s of h i s l i f e B l o c k devoted h i s efforts t o further development of t h i s anlage hypothesis, a p p l y i n g m o r e r i g o r o u s and newer methods w h i c h have b e c o m e a v a i l a b l e . T r u l y , as M a x P l a n c k has r e m a r k e d , s c i e n t i s t s n e v e r g i v e up t h e i r t h e o r i e s , and they appear to give t h e m up only b e c a u s e they d i e . It w o u l d appear that t h i s theory i n one f o r m o r another, undoubtedly w i t h m o d i f i c a t i o n s , d e l e t i o n s , a d d i t i o n s , etc., beyond r e c o g n i t i o n of the o r i g i n a l , w i l l be d e veloped f u r t h e r and even, p e r h a p s , l i n k e d to the genetic code g o v e r n i n g the p r o t e i n s t r u c t u r e and i t s b i o l o g i c a l p r o p e r t i e s . W h i l e engaged i n these a c t i v i t i e s , B l o c k found t i m e and energy to s e r v e as p r o f e s s o r i a l l e c t u r e r at New Y o r k M e d i c a l C o l l e g e ; a v i s i t i n g p r o f e s s o r i n the Department of P h y s i o l o g y and B i o c h e m i s t r y and an a s s o c i a t e m e m b e r of the B u r e a u of B i o l o g i c a l R e s e a r c h of R u t g e r s U n i v e r s i t y ; c h a i r m a n of the S u b - C o m m i t t e e on B i o l o g i c a l C h e m i s t r y of the N a t i o n a l R e s e a r c h C o u n c i l ; and a m e m b e r of the N u t r i t i o n Study Section of the N a t i o n a l Institutes of H e a l t h . H e w a s a m e m b e r of the A m e r i c a n C h e m i c a l S o c i e t y , A m e r i c a n Society of B i o l o g i c a l C h e m i s t s , A m e r i c a n Institute of N u t r i t i o n , S o c i e t y for E x p e r i m e n t a l B i o l o g y and M e d i c i n e , New Y o r k A c a d e m y of S c i e n c e s , A m e r i c a n Institute of C h e m i s t s , A A A S , and S i g m a X i . B l o c k i s s u r v i v e d by two d a u g h t e r s , M r s . W e r n e r K r e b s e r and M r s . T h o m a s M o n t i e . R a l p h H o l m a n of the U n i v e r s i t y of M i n n e s o t a , who w a s i n L i m a on a m i s s i o n s i m i l a r to that of B l o c k , w r i t e s : I d e l a y e d m y d e p a r t u r e f r o m L i m a i n o r d e r that I c o u l d attend the f u n e r a l , f o r I had a s c e r t a i n e d f r o m the A m e r i c a n C o n s u l the i n t e r m e n t w a s to be i n L i m a and none of the f a m i l i e s w o u l d be p r e s e n t . The c e r e m o n y w a s s i m p l e and beautiful. A m b a s s a d o r J a m e s L o e b spoke on behalf of the G o v e r n m e n t and recounted the a c c o m p l i s h m e n t s of the d e c e a s e d and t h e i r m i s s i o n to L a t i n A m e r i c a . D r . O r l a n d o O l s e s s e , P r e s i d e n t of the U n i v e r s i d a d A g r a r i a i n P e r u , next spoke on behalf of the P e r u v i a n s , e x p r e s s i n g the g r a t i t u d e they hold f o r D r s . B l o c k a n d U r a m i n c o m i n g to a i d i n the r e l i e f of the n u t r i t i o n a l p r o b l e m s of the c o u n t r y . He e x p r e s s e d the g r i e f of the P e r u v i a n s c i e n t i s t s i n the u n t i m e l y death of s u c h f r i e n d s .

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A s y m p o s i u m to honor the m e m o r y of R . J . B l o c k was o r g a n i z e d w i t h the a i d of the D i v i s i o n of B i o l o g i c a l C h e m i s t r y of the A m e r i c a n C h e m i c a l Society and held i n September 1962 i n A t l a n t i c C i t y , N . J . T h e p a p e r s p r e s e n t e d at t h i s s y m p o s i u m , together w i t h a d d i t i o n a l c o n t r i b u tions f r o m s e v e r a l recognized authorities i n their respective fields, are p r e s e n t e d i n t h i s m e m o r i a l v o l u m e as a t r i b u t e to R . J . B l o c k f r o m his f r i e n d s and c o l l e a g u e s and as a w r e a t h on h i s l o n e l y g r a v e i n a f o r e i g n land. J. A. STEKOL


The Institute for Cancer Research Philadelphia, Pa.

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Bibliography of the Published Work of Richard J. Block


Scientific

Papers

and Chapters

of Books

(1) The basic amino acids of wool. J . Biol. Chem., 86, 107 (1930). With H. B. Vickery. (2) The basic amino acids of silk fibroin. Determination of the basic amino acids yielded by proteins. Ibid., 93, 105 (1931). With H. B. Vickery. (3) The basic amino acids of proteins. A chemical relationship between various keratins. Ibid., 93, 113 (1931). With H. B. Vickery. (4) Metabolism of cystine and methionine. Science, 74, 414 (1931). With R. W. Jackson. (5) The basic amino acids from neurokeratin: Is neurokeratin a true keratin? J . Biol. Chem., 94, 647 (1932). (6) The antineuritic vitamin. I. The method of assay, concentration of the vita min with silver under various conditions, and its solubility in certain organic solvents. Ibid., 94, 765 (1932). With G. R. Cowgill and Β. H. Klotz. (7) The antineuritic vitamin. II. Removal of impurities by oxidizing agents. Ibid., 96, 127 (1932). With G. R. Cowgill. (8) The antineuritic vitamin. ΙΠ. Removal of impurities by fractional precipita tion. Ibid., 97, 421 (1932). With G. R. Cowgill. (9) The metabolism of cystine and methionine. Availability of methionine in supplementing a diet deficient in cystine. Ibid., 98, 465 (1932). With R. W. Jackson. (10) The antineuritic vitamin. IV. Preparation of a highly potent concentrate. Ibid., 98, 637 (1932). With G. R. Cowgill. (11) Studies on vitamin G (B ). I. Yeast and liver preparations as a source of vitamin G (B ). Ibid., 103, 643 (1933). With L . R. Farquhar. (12) Chemical and immunological investigations on the proteins of the nervous system. Psychiat. Quart., 7, 613 (1933). With E . Brand. (13) Metabolism of D- and L - methionine. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 30, 587 (1933). With R. W. Jackson. (14) New type of continuous extractor. J . Biol. Chem., 100, 537 (1933). (15) The basic amino acids of keratins. The basic amino acid content of human finger nails and cattle horn. Ibid., 104, 339 (1934). (16) The basic amino acids of serum proteins. Ibid., 103, 261 (1933). (17) The basic amino acids of serum proteins. II. Effect of heating to 58 de grees. Ibid., 104, 343 (1934). (18) The basic amino acids of serum proteins. ΙΠ. A chemical relationship be tween serum proteins of various origins. Ibid., 104, 347 (1934). With D. C. Darrow and M. K. Cary. (19) The basic amino acids of serum proteins (orosins). IV. A chemical rela tionship between various avian orosins. A note on some proteins of the egg. Ibid., 105, 455 (1934). (20) The antineuritic vitamin. V. Preparation of a vitamin concentrate suitable for parenteral use. Ibid., 105,463 (1934). With Ε. H. Stuart and G. R. Cowgill. 2

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(21) The basic amino acids of three crystalline mammalian hemoglobins. Fur ther evidence for a basic amino acid "anlage" of tissue proteins. Ibid., 105, 663 (1934). (22) The effect of dry heat and dilute alkali on the lysine content of casein. Ibid., 105, 667 (1934). With D. B. Jones and C. E . F. Gersdorff. (23) The determination of the basic amino acids in small quantities of proteins by the silver precipitation method. Ibid., 106, 457 (1934). (24) Nature and origin of proteins. Yale J . Biol. Med., 7, 235 (1935). (25) Studies on the vitamin Β complex: Further indications for the presence of a third factor. Ibid., 8, 169, (1935). With R. B. Hubbell. (26) Basic amino acids of human skin. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 32, 1574 (1935). (27) Cystinuria. IV. Metabolism of homocysteine and homocystine. J . Biol. Chem., 110, 399 (1935). With E . Brand and G. F . Cahill. (28) Excretion of follicle-stimulating hormone in urine of mental patients in and past menopause. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 32, 1576 (1935). With M. M. Harris, E . Brand, and L . E . Hinsie. (29) Convenient method for preparation of concentrates of follicle-stimulating hormone from urine. Ibid., 33, 360 (1935). With E . Brand, M. M. Harris, and L . E . Hinsie. (30) Does bis-(2-aminoethyl)-disulfide (cystamine) promote growth in the rat limited to an inadequate intake of cystine and methionine? J. Biol. Chem., 113, 135 (1936). With R. W. Jackson. (31) Carboxymethylcysteine metabolism, its implications on therapy in cystin uria and on the methionine-cysteine relationship. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 35, 501 (1936). With E . Brand, B. Kassell, and G. F . Cahill. (32) Cystinuria. V. Metabolism of casein and lactalbumin. J. Biol. Chem., 119, 669 (1937). With E . Brand, B. Kassell, and G. F . Cahill. (33) Cystinuria. VI. Metabolism of the hydroxy analog of methionine (DL-ahydroxy-y-methiobutyric acid.) Ibid., 119, 681, (1937). With E . Brand and G. F. Cahill. (34) Cystinuria. VII. Metabolism of S-methylcysteine, of γ-thiobutyric acid, and of γ-dithiobutyric acid. Ibid., 119, 689 (1937). With E . Brand and C. F . Cahill. (35) Chemical studies on the neuroproteins. I. Amino acid composition of var ious mammalian brain proteins. Ibid., 119, 765 (1937). (36) Chemical studies on the neuroproteins. II. Effect of age on the amino acid composition of human and mammalian brain proteins. Ibid., 120, 467 (1937). (37) The basic amino acids of keratins. Basic amino acid content of porcupine quills and echidna spines. Ibid., 121, 99 (1937). With M. K. Horwitt. (38) Chemical studies on the neuroproteins. III. An indication for sex differences in the amino acid composition of primate brain proteins. Ibid., 121,411 (1937). Chemical studies on the neuroproteins. IV. Nature of the proteins of the ectoderm: eukeratins and pseudokeratins. Ibid., 121, 761 (1937). (40) Proteins of the nervous system, considered in the light of the prevailing hypotheses on protein structure. Yale J. Biol. Med., 9, 445 (1937). (41) Comparative biochemistry of the proteins. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 6, 79 (1938). (42) Chemical constitution of the proteins, pp. 278-333 in "The Chemistry of the Amino Acids and Proteins," C. L. A. Schmidt, ed., 1031 pp., Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, 111., 1938. (43) The metabolism of cystine and methionine. II. Availability of D- and L methionine and their formyl derivatives in the promotion of growth. J . Biol. Chem., 122, 425 (1938). With R. W. Jackson.

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(44) Estimation of histidine. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 37, 580 (1937). (45) The amino acid composition of keratins. Composition of gorgonin, spongin, turtle scutes, and other keratins. J . Biol. Chem., 127, 685 (1939). With D. Boiling. (46) The composition of keratins. Amino acid composition of hair, wool, horn, and other eukeratins. Ibid., 128, 181 (1939). With cooperation of D. Boiling, F. C. Brand, and A. Schein. (47) Determination of threonine. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 40, 710 (1939). With D. Boiling. (48) Chemical and metabolic studies on phenylalanine. I. Nitration of phenylal anine. J . Biol. Chem., 129, 1 (1939). With D. Boiling. (49) Microestimation of threonine. Ibid., 130, 365 (1939). With D. Boiling. (50) Microestimation of leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 45, 289 (1940). With D. Boiling and A. A. Kondritzer. (51) Estimation of histidine. J . Biol. Chem., 133, 67 (1940). (52) Basic amino acid content of human serum proteins. Influence of the inges tion of arginine on the composition of the serum proteins. Ibid., 133,71 (1940). (53) Chemical and metabolic studies on phenylalanine. II. Phenylalanine content of the blood and spinal fluid in phenylpyruvic oligophrenia. Ibid., 134, 105 (1940). With G. A. Jervis, D. Boiling, and E . Kanze. (54) Chemical and metabolic studies on phenylalanine. ΙΠ. Amino acid content of tissue proteins of normal and phenylpyruvic oligophrenic individuals. Esti mation of phenylalanine. Ibid., 134, 567 (1940). With G. A. Jervis, D. Boiling, and M. Webb. (55) New method for separation of the basic amino acids from protein hydrolysates. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 51, 252 (1942). (56) Amino acids yielded by 0-lactoglobulin. Arch. Biochem., 2, 93 (1943). With D. Boiling. (57) Amino acid yield from various animal and plant proteins after hydrolysis of fat-free tissue. Ibid., 3, 217 (1943). With D. Boiling. (58) Essential amino acid requirements of man. Yale J . Biol. Med., 15, 723 (1943) . (59) The chemical constitution of the proteins, pp. 1089-1103 in "Addendum to the Chemistry of the Amino Acids and Protein Inclusive of Some of the Ad vances since 1937." C. L. A. Schmidt, ed., Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, 111., 1943. (60) Nutritional opportunities with amino acids. J . Am. Dietet. Assoc., 20, 69 (1944) . With D. Boiling. (61) Comparative analytical study of meat extension. Ibid., 20, 50 (1944). With D. Melnick, H. W. Himes, and B. L . Oser. (62) Essential amino acid distribution in a casein hydrolysate suitable for paren teral injection. Am. J. Pharm., 116, 368 (1944). With D. Boiling. (63) Amino acids yielded by yeast, sunflower seed meal, and sesame seed after hydrolysis of the fat-free tissue. Arch. Biochem., 6, 277 (1945). With D. Boiling. (64) Constitution of salmin. I. Amino acid composition, Ibid., 6, 419 (1945). With D. Boiling. (65) Amino acid composition of food proteins. Advan. Protein Chem., 2, 119 (1945) . (66) Amino acids yielded by various yeasts after hydrolysis of fat-free material. A comparative investigation. Arch. Biochem., 7, 313 (1945). With D. Boiling. (67) Amino acid composition of proteins and foods. Science, 103, 431 (1946). With D. Boiling.

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(68) Amino acids of cataractous and sclerosed human lenses. Arch. Biochem., 10, 277 (1946). With P. W. Salit. (69) Effects of baking and toasting on nutritional value of proteins. Ibid., 10, 295 (1946). With P. R. Cannon, R. W. Wissler, C. H. Steffee, R. L . Straube, L . E . Frazier, and R. L . Woolridge. (70) Amino acid composition of cow and human milk proteins. Ibid., 10, 359 (1946). With D. Boiling. (71) New method for the preparation of basic amino acid concentrates from protein hydrolyzates. Ibid., 11, 235 (1946). (72) Chemical and biological properties of tryptic digests of casein and lactalbumin. Ibid., 13, 323 (1947). With D. Boiling and B. F . Chow. (73) Isolation and synthesis of the naturally occurring ae-amino acids. Chem. Revs., 38, 501 (1946). (74) Some relationships between the amino acid contents of proteins and their nutritive values for the rat. J . Biol. Chem., 163, 599 (1946). With H. H. Mitchell. (75) Correlation of the amino acid composition of proteins with their nutritive value. Nutrition Abstr. and Rev., 16, 249 (1946). With H. H. Mitchell. (76) Detection of sulfur-containing amino acids on paper chromatograms. Science, 108, 506 (1948). With H. M. Winegard and G. Toennies. (77) Quantitative estimation of amino acids on paper chromatograms. Ibid., 108, 608 (1948). (78) Preparation and amino acid composition of salmin and clupein. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 70,494 (1949). With D. Boiling, H. Gershon, and H. A. Sober. (79) Quantitative paper chromatography: A simplified procedure. Ibid., 72, 337 (1949). (80) Separation of amino acids by ion exchange chromatography, pp. 295-314 in "Ion Exchange Theory and Application, '' F. C. Nachod, ed., 411 pp., Academic press, Inc., New York, 1949. (81) Biological studies on the value of dietary supplements of milk and milk products. J. Am. Dietet. Assoc., 25, 937 (1949). (82) Comparative protein chemistry. The composition of the proteins of human teeth and fish scales. J. Dental Res., 28, 518 (1949). With M. K. Horwitt and D. Boiling. (83) Paper chromatograms spot amino acids. Two-dimensional microseparation patterns quickly identify them—or other substances—in a mixture. Added tests give concentrations. Food Ind., 22, 824-951 (1950). (84) Estimation of amino acids and amines on paper chromatograms. Anal. Chem., 22, 1327 (1950). (85) Paper chromatography of amino acids, pp. 181-200 in "Colloid Chemistry; Theoretical and Applied," Vol. 8, J.Alexander, ed.,736 pp.,Reinhold, New York, 1950. With H. A. Sober. (86) Synthesis of sulfur amino acids from inorganic sulfate by ruminants. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 73, 391 (1950). With J. A. Stekol. (87) Amino acids in posterior pituitary protein. Nature, 165, 975 (1950). With H. B. van Dyke. (88) Quantities of amino acids in nonprotein fraction of breast and cow's milk. Arch. Biochem., 25, 350 (1950). With D. Boiling. (89) Comparative study on two samples of neurokeratin. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 31, 266 (1950). (90) Some amino acids, peptides, and amines in milk, concentrated milks, and cheese. J . Dairy Sci., 34, 1(1951).

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(91) Chemical classification of keratins. J . Soc. Cosmetic Chemists, 2, 235 (1951). (92) Synthesis of sulfur amino acids from inorganic sulfate by ruminants. II. Synthesis of cystine and methionine from sodium sulfate by the goat and by the microorganisms of the rumen of the ewe. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 33, 353 (1951) . With J. A. Stekol and J . K. Loosli. (93) The nutrient materials in food, pp. 25-75, in "Food for Life," R. W. Gerard, ed., 306 pp. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 111., 1952. (94) Amino acids in posterior pituitary protein. Arch Biochem. Biophys., 36, 1 (1952) . With H. B. van Dyke. (95) Effect of heat treatment on the sulfhydryl groups in skim milk and non-fat dry milk. J . Dairy Sci., 36, 427 (1953). With G. Zweig. (96) Studies on bovine whey proteins. I. Preparation of ferric derivatives of whey proteins. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 47, 88 (1953). With D. Boiling, K. W. Weiss, and G. Zweig. (97) Studies on bovine whey proteins. II. Removal of iron from ferric derivatives of whey proteins. Ibid., 48, 386 (1954). With G. Zweig. (98) Experiments with ion-selective membranes. I. Electrolytic deionization of protein-free whey. J. Dairy Sci., 37, 932 (1954). With W. H. Winegard. (99) Simplified procedure for measuring cellulose digestion by rumen micro organisms. Contribs. Boyce Thompson Inst., 17, 337 (1954). With R. Henderson and F. E . Hervat. (100) Quantitative amino acid composition of the German cockroach, Blatella germanica (L.). Ibid., 17, 380 (1954). With J . D. Hilchey. (101) Studies on bovine whey proteins. IV. Amino acid analyses of crystalline β-lactoglobulins and lactalbumin by quantitative paper chromatography. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 55, 315 (1955). With K. W. Weiss. (102) Sulfur metabolism of insects. I. Utilization of sulfate for formation of cystine and methionine by the German cockroach, Blatella germanica (L.). Contribs. Boyce Thompson Inst., 18, 109 (1955). With J . D. Hilchey, L. P. Miller, and R. M. Weed. (103) Amino acids. Encyclopedia Americana, 1, 575 (1955). (104) Amino acid composition of southern bean mosaic virus. Contribs. Boyce Thompson Inst., 18, 371 (1956). With Beatrices. Magdoff and Diane Block Montie. (105) Effect of long-time feeding of a soybean infant food diet to white rats. Ann. Allergy, 14, 166 (1956). With H. W. Howard, D. W. Anderson, and C. D. Bauer Bauer. (106) Protein requirements of animals including man. Borden's Rev. Nutr.Res., 17, 75 (1956). (107) Effect of supplementing soybean proteins with lysine and other amino acids. A. M. A. J . Diseases Children, 92, 126 (1956). With D. W. Anderson, H. W. Howard, and C. D. Bauer. (108) Comparative study of amino acid composition of commercial samples of a high-protein and a low protein and a low-protein wheat flour. Contribs. Boyce Thompson Inst., 18, 477 (1957). With R. H. Mandl. (109) Pathogenesis of congenital goiter and abnormally high levels of SPI and with mono- and diiodotyrosine in the serum. J . Clin. Endocrinol. Metabolism, 17, 817 (1957). With S. C. Werner, R. H. Mandl, and Α. A. H. Kassenaar. (110) Circulating iodoproteins in a nongoitrous adult with primary amenorrhea, body deformities, and normal levels of serum precipitable iodine and thyroidal I intake. Ibid., 17, 1141 (1957). With S. C. Werner and R. H. Mandl. (111) Nutritive value of bread flour proteins as affected by practical supple mentation with lactalbumin, nonfat dry milk solids, soybean proteins, wheat 131

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gluten, and lysine. J. Nutrition, 64, 151 (1958). With H. W. Howard, W. J . Monson, and C. D. Bauer. (112) Nitrogen requirements of animals and man. Comments on the Folin and Schoenheimer hypotheses. Proc. Intern. Symposium on Enzyme Chem., Tokyo and Kyoto, 1957, 444 (1958). (113) Amino acid composition of bread proteins. J. Am. Dietet. Assoc., 34, 724 (1958). With R. H. Mandl. (114) Sulfur metabolism of yeast. I. Study of relative growth of five yeasts on a sulfur-free medium supplemented with small quantities of sulfur compound. Contribs. Boyce Thompson Inst., 19, 437 (1958). With D. Margolis. (115) Amino acid composition of serum proteins. I. Fractionation of bovine serum proteins by ammonium sulfate and comparative amino acid composition of the fractions. Ibid., 19, 445 (1958). With S. Keller. (116) Amino acid composition of the serum proteins. II. Fractionation of human serum proteins by cellulose ion-exchange chromatography and comparative amino acid composition of the fractions. Ibid., 19, 451 (1958). With S. Keller. (117) Method for investigation of the distribution of radioiodine in the serum after small test doses of l . Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 73, 9 (1958). (118) Binding of mixtures of iodoamino acids and of inorganic iodide by various serum proteins. Ibid., 75, 508 (1958). With R. H. Mandl and S. Keller. (119) Approximate amino acid composition of wild and hatchery trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and some of their principal foods (Grammarus and Hexagenia bilineata). Contribs. Boyce Thompson Inst., 20, 103 (1959). (120) Nutritive value of commercial breads. J . Am. Dietet. Assoc, 35, 345 (1959) With H. W. Howard, W. J . Monson, and C. D. Bauer. (121) Methods for qualitative, semiquantitative, and quantitative determination of iodoamino acids and of inorganic iodide in iodoprotein digests and in human serum. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 81, 25 (1959). With R. H. Mandl. (122) Discrepancy between distribution of iodine in human serum when estimated by iodine-131 and iodine-127. Nature, 183, 406 (1959). With S. C. Werner. (123) Chemical relationship between the protein fractions obtained from fowl serum by cellulose ion-exchange chromatography. Evidence for amino acid "anlage." Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 83, 426 (1959). With S. Keller and D. W. Meller. (124) Amino acid composition of serum proteins. ΠΙ. Chromatographic isolation of human and bovine serum albumins, and amino acid composition of the frac tions. Ibid., 85, 366 (1959). With S. Keller. (125) Separation of Proteins, pp. 1-30 in " A Laboratory Manual of Analytical Methods of Protein Chemistry," Vol. 1, 254 pp., Pergamon Press, London, 1960. With S. Keller. (126) Fractionation of proteins by absorption and ion exchange. Part A, pp. 6787 in " A Laboratory Manual of Analytical Methods of Protein Chemistry," P. Alexander and R. J . Block, eds., Vol. 1, 254 pp., Pergamon Press, London, 1960. With S. Keller. (127) Sulfur metabolism of insects. IV. Conversion of inorganic sulfate to or ganic sulfur compounds in cockroaches. Role of intracellular symbionts. Con tribs. Boyce Thompson Inst., 20, 317 (1960). With S. M. Henry. (128) Sulfur metabolism of insects. V. Ability of insects to use sulfate in syn thesis of methionine. Ibid., 20, 363 (1960). With T. H. Haines and S. M. Henry. (129) Probable genetic basis for abnormal circulating iodoproteins (butanolinsoluble serum iodine). Study of a family with several hypothyroid members with and without goiter. J . Clin. Endocrinol. Metabolism, 20, 205 (1960). With S. C. Werner and R. H. Mandl. 131

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(130) Probable presence of diiodotyrosine and of moniodotyrosine in human serum. Discrepancy between the distribution of iodo compounds when estimated by I and I . Arch Biochem. Biophys., 88, 98 (1960). With S. C. Werner, R. H. Mandl, V. V. Row, and I. Radichevich. (131) Methods of increasing the nutritive value of foods. B. Addition of amino acids, pp. 508-520 in "Nutritional Evaiutaion of Food Processing," 612 pp., Robert S. Harris and Harry von Loesecke, eds., 612 pp., Wiley, New York, 1960. (132) Dietary protein values. Complete vs. total protein in the evaluation of diets. J . Agr. Food Chem., 8, 486 (1960). With H. W. Howard and C. D. Bauer. (133) Amino acid analysis of protein hydrolysates. pp. 1-57 in " A Laboratory Manual of Analytical Methods of Protein Chemistry," P. Alexander and R. J. Block, eds., Vol. 2, 518 pp.,Pergamon Press, London, 1960. (134) Interrelationships between serum protein fractions isolated by various techniques. Evidence for amino acid anlagen. Contriba. Boyce Thompson Inst., 20, 385 (1960). With S. Keller. (135) Sulfur metabolism of insects. VI. Metabolism of the sulfur amino acids and related compounds in the German cockroach, Blatella Germanica (L.). Ibid., 21, 129 (1961). With S. M. Henry. (136) Metabolism of the sulfur amino acids and of sulfate in Blatella Germanica. Nature, 191, 392 (1961). With S. M. Henry. (137) Curative action of iodine on soybean goiter and the changes in the distrib ution of iodoamino acids in the serum and in thyroid gland digests. Arch. Bio chem. Biophys., 93, 15 (1961). With R. H. Mandl, H. W. Howard, C. D. Bauer, and D. W. Anderson. (138) Comment on "Effects of soybean product on thyroid function in humans." pp. 338-339 in "Year Book of Pediatrics, 1960-1961 Series," Gellid, ed., Medical Publishing Co., 1961. With D. W. Anderson and H. W. Howard. (139) Chromatography paper, pp. 228-230 in "The Encyclopedia of the Biolog ical Sciences," P. Gray, ed., 1119 pp. Reinhold, New York, 1961. (140) Amino acid interrelationships between the various serum proteins ob tained by salting out, electrophoresis, and column chromatography. Ann. Ν. Y. Acad. Sci., 94, 31 (1961). (141) Puromycin-induced changes in uredospores of Puccinia sorghi Schw. Science, 134, 739 (1961). With R. C. Staples and R. Syamananda. (142) Distribution of I and I in sera of patients with nontoxic nodular goiter. In "Advance in Thyroid Research; Trans, of the 4th Internat. Conf. on Goiter, London, 1960," R. Pitt-Rivers, ed., 2 vols. Pergamon Press, London, 1961. With S. C. Werner, I. Radichevich, V. V. Row, and R. H. Mandl. (143) Automatic analysis of iodoamino acids in digests of iodinated proteins. Biochem. J . , 81, 37P (1961). With R. H. Mandl. (144) Sulfur metabolism in algae. I. Synthesis of metabolic ally inert chloroformsoluble sulfate esters by two chrysomonads and Chlorella pyrenoidesa. J . Protozool., 9, 33 (1962). With T. H. Haines. (145) Chromatographic and electrophoretic methods, pp. 165-171 in "The Thyroid," S. C. Werner, ed., 2nd éd., Harper-Hoeber, New York, 1962.


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BOOKS Determination of the Amino Acids. Richard J . Block. 91 pp. Burgess Publishing Co., Minneapolis, Minn., 1938. Revised ed. with Diana Boiling. 58 pp. 1941. Amino Acid Composition of Proteins and Foods. Analytical Methods and Results.

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Richard J . Block and Diana Boiling. 396 pp. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, 111., 1945. 2nded. 576 pp. 1951. Paper Chromatography. A Laboratory Manual. Richard J. Block, Raymond LeStrange, and Gunter Zweig. 195 pp. Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1952. Manual of Paper Chromatography and Paper Electrophoresis. Richard J. Block, Emmett L. Durrum, and Gunter Zweig. 484 pp. Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1955. 2nd ed. 710 pp. 1958. Amino Acid Handbook. Methods and Results of Protein Analysis. Richard J. Block with cooperation of Kathryn W. Weiss. 386 pp. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, 111., 1956. Laboratory Manual of Analytical Methods of Protein Chemistry (Including Polypeptide). P. Alexander and R. J. Block, eds. Pergamon Press, London. Vol. 1, 254 pp., 1960. Vol. 2, 518 pp., 1960. Vol. 3, 286 pp., 1961.

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Preface, Richard Joseph Block 1906 - 1962, Bibliography of the

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