Editorial pubs.acs.org/IECR
Preface to the ICCDU-2015 Special Issue
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potential sorbent for post-combustion CO2 capture via chemical looping, and find it to have a higher carrying capacity and better cyclic stability than some other CaO-based sorbents, including a commercial one. Guo et al.8 use a simple and facile sol−gel method to dope Zr into calcium oxide, and attribute the enhanced CO2 sorption capacity and stability of their sorbents to the formation of CaZrO3 nanoparticles. Zhang et al.9 disperse MgO finely on a novel mesoporous carbon with bimodal pore structures to reduce agglomeration and enhance cyclic stability. Lastly, Hakim et al.10 study and characterize several iron oxides for CO2 capture at room temperature and pressure, and examine the morphologies of carbonate formations on the surface. Carbon-Based Sorbents. Vargas et al.11 activate two carbon monoliths from an African palm stone (Elaeis guineensis). Their study, using a fixed-bed reactor, concludes that the monoliths can be as good as granular activated carbon. Chowdhury and Balasubramanian12 report high CO2 over N2 selectivities and low isosteric heats of adsorption for their threedimensional crumpled graphene-based porous sorbents with highly interconnected networks. Puthiaraj and Ahn13 synthesize low-cost porous hyper-cross-linked aromatic polymers (PHAPs) via the FeCl3-catalyzed Friedel−Crafts alkylation reaction between tetraphenylsilane or tetraphenyl-germanium as a building block and formaldehyde dimethyl acetal as a crosslinker. Nguyen et al.14 deposit a uniform coating of Co3O4 nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes (CNT) using a one-step solvothermal method involving supercritical CO2. Their analyses show excellent cycling stability of the novel nanocomposites for the purposes of energy storage. Metal−Organic Frameworks (MOFs). Rada et al.15 synthesize and characterize UiO-66 MOFs with a mix of −(OH)2 and −NO2 functional groups. Hu et al.16 report a facile modulated hydrothermal (MHT) synthesis of a hafnium UiO-66-type MOF [UiO-66(Hf)-(OH)2] with a well-defined nanoparticle size for obtaining mixed matrix membranes based on polybenzimidazole (PBI) as the polymeric matrix. Al-Janabi et al.17 develop a facile post-synthetic modification method for doping CuBTC MOFs (BTC = benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid) with a molecular glycine involving amine and carboxyl groups to improve hydrothermal stability. Lastly, Xin et al.18 assemble HKUST-1 [Cu3(BTC)2] on siliceous mesocellular foams to obtain novel composites with improved CO2 adsorption capacity and hydrothermal stability.
imiting the rise of CO2 (carbon dioxide) concentration in the atmosphere by capturing CO2 from various emissions is a major challenge facing the world today. It is critical to address this challenge urgently for the sake of our present and future generations. Hence, the past decade has seen a huge increase in research related to carbon capture storage and utilization (CCSU). The International Conference on Carbon Dioxide Utilization (ICCDU) provides a vibrant multidisciplinary discussion forum for leading academics, researchers, and practitioners to showcase their recent innovations in the capture, concentration, storage, utilization, and conversion of carbon dioxide. The first edition (ICCDU-1991) of this biennial conference series took place in Japan. Since then, it has been held at various venues in Europe, Asia, and America. The one and only Singapore hosted the 13th edition (ICCDU XIII, or ICCDU-2015) July 5−9, 2015. The theme of ICCDU-2015 was materials, processes, and systems related to CCSU. ICCDU-2015 featured several plenary and keynote lectures by eminent speakers (including a Nobel Laureate) from around the world, and a panel discussion involving academic, industry, and policy leaders from all continents. Attended by 340 delegates from 34 countries, ICCDU-2015 involved 330 oral and/or poster presentations. After a successful conference, we invited the delegates to submit fulllength manuscripts related to their conference presentations. The manuscripts were submitted for peer reviews to four special issues on ICCDU-2015 in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (I&ECR), Catalysis Today, Journal of CO2 Utilization, and Environmental Science and Pollution Research. This special issue features 20 scholarly contributions on the issues, challenges, and advances associated with carbon dioxide capture and concentration (CCC). The strong preference for adsorption-based CCC1,2 is evident, as sorbents are the focus of the first 14 contributions. Novel hydrate-based CCC3 is the subject of the next four contributions. Finally, the last two contributions address absorption-based CCC. The 14 contributions on adsorption-based capture fall into three categories. The first 6 involve the synthesis and/or characterization of metal oxide sorbents. The next four concern carbonbased sorbents such as activated carbon, polymers, and graphene. The last four focus on the novel metal−organic frameworks (MOFs)4 that are being increasingly explored for various separation and storage applications.
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ADSORPTION-BASED CCC Metal Oxide Sorbents. Quang et al.5 functionalize mesoporous silica by impregnating 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to enhance CO2 adsorption and thermal stability, and report better thermal stability, compared to polyethylenimine over several cycles. Ji et al.,6 on the other hand, combine the microporous zeolite 13X with the ordered mesoporous MCM41 to synthesize two composites via a stepwise crystallization process. They show improved CO2 adsorption resulting from the contrasting but synergistic strengths of 13X and MCM-41. Pinheiro et al.7 investigate the use of waste marble powder as a © 2016 American Chemical Society
HYDRATE-BASED CCC
Separating gases via hydrate formations is an interesting alternative to the conventional methods for gas separation in general and carbon capture in particular. While the first three contributions in this subsection study the formation kinetics of CO2 hydrates for capturing CO2 from a CO2/CH4 mixture, the last studies methane hydrate formation. Fan et al.19 evaluate tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate as a CO2 hydrate promoter Published: July 27, 2016 7839
DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b02584 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2016, 55, 7839−7841
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
Editorial
for upgrading biogas. Kumar et al.20 show that the presence of H2S does not affect the kinetics of CO2 hydrate formation in fixed-bed experiments. Zhong et al.21 investigate adsorption as a means to enhance CO2 hydrate formation, and they conclude that a fixed-bed reactor of zeolite 13X is worse than a simple stirred tank reactor with water in place of 13X. Chong et al.22 examine the effect of silica sand grain size on methane hydrate formation. They report significant methane uptakes for all grain sizes except that below 0.18 mm and observe methane hydrates both within and above the porous media.
and Their Application on CO2 Adsorption: Experiment and Modeling. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2016, DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04105. (7) Pinheiro, C. I. C.; Fernandes, A.; Freitas, C.; Santos, E. T.; Ribeiro, M. F. Waste Marble Powders as Promising Inexpensive Natural CaO-Based Sorbents for Post-Combustion CO2 Capture. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2016, DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04574. (8) Guo, H.; Wang, S.; Li, C.; Zhao, Y.; Sun, Q.; Ma, X. Incorporation of Zr into Calcium Oxide for CO2 Capture by a Simple and Facile Sol−Gel Method. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2016, DOI: 10.1021/ acs.iecr.5b04112. (9) Zhang, Z.; Li, J.; Sun, J.; Wang, H.; Wei, W.; Sun, Y. Bimodal Mesoporous Carbon-Coated MgO Nanoparticles for CO2 Capture at Moderate Temperature Conditions. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2016, DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b03945. (10) Hakim, A.; Marliza, T. S.; Abu Tahari, N. M.; Wan Isahak, R. W.; Yusop, R. M.; Mohamed Hisham, W. M.; Yarmo, A. M. Studies on CO2 Adsorption and Desorption Properties from Various Types of Iron Oxides (FeO, Fe2O3, and Fe3O4). Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2016, DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04091. (11) Vargas, D.; Balsamo, M.; Giraldo, L.; Erto, A.; Lancia, A.; Moreno-Piraján, J. C. Equilibrium and Dynamic CO2 Adsorption on Activated Carbon Honeycomb Monoliths. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2016, DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b03234. (12) Chowdhury, S.; Balasubramanian, R. Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Porous Adsorbents for Postcombustion CO 2 Capture. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2016, DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04052. (13) Puthiaraj, P.; Ahn, W.-S. CO2 Capture by Porous Hyper-CrossLinked Aromatic Polymers Synthesized Using Tetrahedral Precursors. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2016, DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b03963. (14) Nguyen, V. H.; Kang, C.; Roh, C.; Shim, J.-J. Supercritical CO2Mediated Synthesis of CNT@ Co3O4 Nanocomposite and Its Application for Energy Storage. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2016, 55, 7338−7343. (15) Rada, Z. H.; Abid, H. R.; Shang, J.; Sun, H.; He, Y.; Webley, P.; Liu, S.; Wang, S. Functionalized UiO-66 by single and binary (OH)2 and NO2 groups for uptake of CO2 and CH4. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2016, DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04061. (16) Hu, Z.; Kang, Z.; Qian, Y.; Peng, Y.; Wang, X.; Chi, C.; Zhao, D. Mixed Matrix Membranes Containing UiO-66 (Hf)−(OH)2 Metal− Organic Framework Nanoparticles for Efficient H2/CO2 Separation. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2016, DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04568. (17) Al-Janabi, N.; Deng, H.; Borges, J.; Liu, X.; Garforth, A.; Siperstein, F. R.; Fan, X. A Facile Post-Synthetic Modification Method To Improve Hydrothermal Stability and CO2 Selectivity of CuBTC Metal−Organic Framework. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2016, DOI: 10.1021/ acs.iecr.5b04217. (18) Xin, C.; Jiao, X.; Yin, Y.; Zhan, H.; Li, H.; Li, L.; Zhao, N.; Xiao, F.; Wei, W. Enhanced CO2 adsorption capacity and hydrothermal stability of HKUST-1 via introduction of siliceous mesocellular foams (MCFs). Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2016, DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04022. (19) Fan, S.; Li, Q.; Wang, Y.; Lang, X.; Chen, J. Removal of CO2 From Biogas by using tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate and water. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2016, DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04656. (20) Kumar, A.; Sakpal, T.; Bhattacharjee, G.; Kumar, A.; Kumar, R. Impact of H2S impurity on carbon dioxide hydrate formation kinetics in fixed bed arrangements. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2016, DOI: 10.1021/ acs.iecr.5b04079. (21) Zhong, D.-L.; Li, Z.; Lu, Y.-Y.; Wang, J.-L.; Yan, J.; Qing, S.-L. Investigation of CO2 Capture from a CO2 + CH4 Gas Mixture by Gas Hydrate Formation in the Fixed Bed of a Molecular Sieve. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2016, DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b03989. (22) Chong, Z. R.; Yang, M.; Khoo, B. C.; Linga, P. Size effect of porous media on methane hydrate formation and dissociation in an excess gas environment. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2016, DOI: 10.1021/ acs.iecr.5b03908. (23) Kassim, M. A.; Sairi, N. A.; Yusoff, R.; Alias, Y.; Aroua, M. K. Evaluation of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide−Alkanolamine Sulfolane-Based System as Solvent for
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ABSORPTION-BASED CCC Kassim et al.23 add a mixture of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)imide (BMIM][NTf2]) and monoethanolamine (MEA) into alkanolamine sulfolane, a dipolar aprotic solvent, to form a nonaqueous solvent for the physicochemical absorption of CO2. Zhang et al.24 study the impact of impurities such as water, SOx, and NOx in an industrial flue gas on the fouling and performance of PP hollow fiber membrane modules for CO2 capture.
Iftekhar A. Karimi* Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Sibudjing Kawi*
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Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
AUTHOR INFORMATION
Corresponding Authors
*E-mail:
[email protected] (I. A. Karimi). *E-mail:
[email protected] (S. Kawi). Notes
Views expressed in this editorial are those of the authors and not necessarily the views of the ACS. The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the various local and international committee members of ICCDU-2015 for their timely support and the anonymous reviewers of this special issue.
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REFERENCES
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Absorption of Carbon Dioxide. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2016, DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04376. (24) Zhang, L.; Li, J.; Zhou, L.; Liu, R.; Wang, X.; Yang, L. Fouling of Impurities in Desulfurized Flue Gas on Hollow Fiber Membrane Absorption for CO 2 Capture. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2016, DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04021.
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DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b02584 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2016, 55, 7839−7841
