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Pressure-Induced Oriented Attachment Growth of LargeSize Crystals for constructing 3D Ordered Superstructures Jun Wang, Gang Lian, Haibin Si, Qilong Wang, Deliang Cui, and Ching-Ping Wong ACS Nano, Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05108 • Publication Date (Web): 18 Nov 2015 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on November 19, 2015
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Pressure-Induced Oriented Attachment Growth of Large-Size Crystals for Constructing 3D Ordered Superstructures Jun Wang,†,‡,∥ Gang Lian,*,†,§,∥ Haibin Si,† Qilong Wang,‡ Deliang Cui,*,† and Ching-Ping Wong,*,§
†
State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
‡
Key Lab for Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Education Ministry, School of
Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
§
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
30332, United State
KEYWORDS: oriented attachment, 3D superstructures, crystal growth, pressure, SnO2
ABSTRACT: Oriented attachment (OA), a non-classical crystal growth mechanism, provides a powerful bottom-up approach to obtain ordered superstructures, which also emerge exciting charge transmission characteristic. However, there is little work observably pronouncing the achievement of 3D OA growth of crystallites with large size (e.g. submicron crystals). Here, we report that SnO2 3D ordered superstructures can be synthesized by means of a self-limited
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assembly assisted by OA in a designed high-pressure solvothermal system. The size of primary building blocks is 200~250 nm, which is significantly larger than previous results (normally < 10 nm). High pressure plays the key role in the formation of 3D configuration and fusion of adjacent crystals. Furthermore, this high-pressure strategy can be readily expanded to additional materials. We anticipate that the welded structures will constitute an ideal system with relevance to applications in optical responses, lithium ion battery, solar cells and chemical sensing.
Self-assembly of inorganic nanocrystals into purposeful, organized superstructures has opened up new horizons in the field of nanotechnology.1-3 Compared to the discrete building blocks, these superstructures usually present unique physicochemical properties and applications in many fields, such as optoelectronics, photonics, sensors, solar cell, catalysis, environmental protection etc.4-6 In this regard, several strategies have been utilized to obtain ordered superstructures by interaction between nanocrystals, such as Van der Waals interactions, dipolar interactions, Columbic interactions and hydrogen bonds et al.7,8 Recently, oriented attachment (OA), one of the most important mechanisms governing the crystal growth, is emerging as an effective route to design nanostructures. This process is the direct self-organization of adjacent crystals by sharing a common crystallographic orientation, which leads to the elimination of the interfaces of the joint crystals. Yet the final structure typically diffracts from a single crystal. The OA growth of these primary structural units can produce novel periodic long-range
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superstructures with retaining the original structures of building blocks and presenting exciting charge transmission characteristic.9,10 Because the primary nanocrystals achieve crystallographic accordance in one preferred direction in most of the cases, this method is now one of the most favorable techniques to design and grow one-dimensional nanostructures, such as nanowires, nanorods etc.11, 12 In recent years, two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) OA growth of nanocrystals are gradually reported by several groups,13,14 but the primary building units are generally nanoparticles with small size (
