have had in unit operations. The c h a p ter on heat transfer equipment refers to specialized texts on heat transfer, but then gives the basic equations and the determination of heat transfer coefficients. This finnlly develops into a section on the opbimnm design of heat e x c h a n g e r s the meat of the chapter. I t seems that the material presented is hardly af graduate level, but tho application of senior level chemical engineering courses xrcarding to the met,hads illustrated here could give grad"& level work. The section on applied economies could he taught a t any level above the freshman year. The other material on design and cost could well he worked into courses an unit operations t o be sure that the student always is aware that the $ is the important end result, rather than U or other transfer coefficient. The hook is wellwritten, interesting, and up-to-date. I t will be a desirable textbook and give supplementary material for other courses. KENNETH A. KOBE UNIVERB~TY OP T E X ~ A U ~ T I NTSXU ,
PROCESS ENGINEERING IN THE FOOD INDUSTRIES R. I. Clarke. Philosophical Library, New York, 1957. viii 355 pp. 138
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figs. 14.5 X 22 cm. $10. "THE pmsent text ha6 the hackground of t,he food indust~.y,in whieh ohemieal applmeh was formally publicized by the conference on ohemicnl engineering methods in the food industry. The $ox introduction of the disciplines of chemical (or process, as the preferred term) engineering is due t o the complex nature of foodstulTs. Unit operations and processes are retained as the system of clnssifieation; each is treated under three headings: (a) the general principles, based upon purpose, meohanisms, rate factors, methods, and horsepower required: ( h ) d e ~ c r i p t i o nof~ equipment, arranged to classify and detail plant in common use in Great Britain; (c) illustrative descriptions of plant used in the food industries." This book is a very elementary unit, operations test whieh illustrates applications in the food industries. Thc unit operations diseusscd arc: liquid flaw, hest exchange, hont processing methods-I, liquid filtration, evaporation and distillation, extraction and expression, c~.ystalliaation, gas flow, drying and dehydration, siee sepwation of solids, adsorption, centrifugal separation, size rednetions of solids and liquids, mixing, gas absorptioa and desorption, and heat processing methods-I1 (actually refrigeration and freezing), Theory is given briefly, equipment is described, no illustrated problems are solved, the greatest merit of the book is pointing out applications of the particular unit operation in the food industries. (Continued on page -4510)
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
This book might he satisfactory for part of an Ag. Engineering course. KENNETH A. KOBE
U ~ l v e s s r ~ol r TExra AUSTIN, T.X*B
John G. Erickson, Minnesota Mining & Manufaduring Co., St. Paul; P a u l F. Wiley, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis; and V. P. Wystrach, American Cyanamid C o Stamford, Connecticut. Edited by Arnold Weissberger. Interscience Publishers, Inc.. N e w York. 1956. xi 261 pp. 1 6 X 23.5 cm. $10.50.
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VOLUME 11: PHENAZINES G. A. Swan, King's College, Newcastleupon-Tyne, England, and D. G.I. Felson, British American Tobacco Co., Ltd., England. Edited by Arnold Weissberger. Interscience Publishers, Inc., N e w York, 1957. d v 693 pp. 16 x 23.5 Em. $22.50.
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THEtenth volume of the W-eissberger series on heterocyclic compounds presents the 2 and 1,2,4triazines, 1,2,3,5tetrazinrs and the pentarnines hy Eriekson (140 pages, 289 references); and 1,2,3,4 tetrazines by Wystraeh (38 pages, 61 references); and the 1,2,4,5-tetmaines hy Wiley (70 pages, 170 references). The hook is a very worthwhile contrihution t o the literature on heterocyclic compounds. There has hpen a thorough search of the literature through 1950. This volume describes, with the exception of the 1,3,5-triasines, t,hr chemistry of all six-membered nitrogen heterocycles containing more than t,wa nitrogen atoms in the ring and all condensed systems containing the rings. A count of the 520 refcrenees shows that only 28% of these are since 1930. As there is no other adequate review of these classes of compounds, this summary of the older literature is of great value. A mod deal of discussion is eiven in which t h e older work is reinterpreted in the light of modern theory. Gaps are r e vealed that call for exhaustive investigations. Many structural formulas illustrate the text. The Ring Indez and Chemical Abstracts system of nomenclature and numbering are used. I t is almost inevitable that a few errors will be found. "Phenazines" is the eleventh in a series of monographs devoted to a modern, detailed, and comprehensive presentation of heterocyelio chemistry by a group of authorities. Partono, by G. A. Swan, isdevotcd to phcnaxine and phenazinium compoundswhieh do not oarry condensed rings. The second part, by D. G. I. Felton, deals with derivatives that have other rings fused t o the phenazine nucleus. After mabing a comprehensive smvuy of almost all the described phenmine compounds, the authors decided that it would not be reasonable to include every such compound in the text, or even in the form of tables. For example, many (Continued a page A61Z) JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
