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Pulsatory and
27st Annual Chemical Engineering Symposium
AS
industrial chemists and chemical engineers impose ever more extreme demands on reactions, processes, and construction materials, phenomena that had been of only academic interest become of key importance. In the past few years, the chemical literature has contained articles on such topics as use of pulse columns in liquidliquid extraction, the effect of acoustic forces on combustion and chemical reactions, and the application of ultrasonic techniques to a range of unit operations and chemical processes. The time seems appropriate to take a good look at the underlying phenomenon itself. A better appreciation of the essential characteristics of pulses and vibrations should enhance our capacities to apply them in our technology. Such a look i s taken in the 21st Annual Chemical Engineering Symposium of the Society’s Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, which was held last January 7 and 8 in Cincinnati, Ohio. In keeping with the tradition of previous I&EC Christmas Symposia, scientific papers were sought that reported original research in some phase of the subject. All papers meeting these criteria were welcome, irrespective of the investigator’s nominal field of interest. The papers of this symposium reveal an impressively wide range of fields where research on vibrations and pulsatory phenomena i s active. Perhaps even more significant is the frequency with which developments of definite interest to chemists and chemical engineers are reported b y authors outside the chemical industry. An aerodynamicist primarily concerned with aircraft flying at supersonic speeds describes a shock tube that is a powerful tool for physical chemists interested in reaction kinetics of gases at high temperatures and pressures. Physicists report on the extreme pressures and temperatures produced momentarily but in controlled fashion with explosives, and tell how materials of construction behave under strong shock waves. One aeronautical engineer reports on combustion instability from resonating forces produced b y the combustion chamber and the burning fuel; chemical engineers would just as logically term the equipment a chemical reactor and its reactant charge. Another describes advances in instrumentation capable of following rapid fluctuations in pressure. A prime frustration of the modern scientist and technologist i s his knowledge that information of great value to him may appear in the literature of other fields which he does not customarily read. One objective of this symposium is to suggest the areas in the spectrum of pure and applied science that should b e examined when pulsations and vibrations are of interest. It is hoped that the subject matter of the actual symposium papers presented or abstracted will prove provocative enough to I&EC’s readers that they will a t least sample some of the related literature that has been cited. And, of course, it is hoped that the information given in the following pages will be useful in i t s own right for i t s immediate utility in the chemical process field. . DEWITT 0. MYATT, Chairman
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Phenomena
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A presentation o f the ACS Division o f Industrial and Engineering Chemistry at Cincinnati, Ohio, January 7 and 8, 7955 I
Application o f Pulsation to Liquid-Liquid Extraction W. A. Chantry, R. L. Von Berg, and bl. F. Wiegandt Power Requirements for Pulse Generation in Pulse Columns A. C. Jealous and H. F. Johnson Ultrasonic Insonation Effect on Liquid-Solid Extraction Dudley Thompson and D. G. Sutherland Sonic Energy in Granular Solid Fluidization R. D. Morse , Effect of Vibration on Natural Convective Heat Transfer Robert Lemlich Ultrasonic Chemical Effects Virginia Griffing , Flame Front Stability in liquid Fuel Droplet Combustion C. C. Miesse Ultrasonic Effect on Polymorphic Transformation o f Steel H. V. Fairbanks and F. J. Dewez, Jr. Sonic Velocity Measurements in Study of Liquid and liquid Solution Properties F. C. Collins, M. H. Navidi, and L. P. Friedman Entropic Equations o f State and Their Application to Shock Wave Phenomena G. E. Duvall and 8. J. Zwolinski An Instrument to Study Relaxation Rates Behind Shock Waves E. L. Resler, Jr., and M. Scheibe Ultrasonic Unmixing of Isotopic Solutions S. C. Bankoff and R. N. Lyon Combustion Oscillations in Ducted Burners J. C. Truman and R. T. Newton Organ-pipe Oscillations in a Deep-Ported Burner A. A. Putnam and W. R. Dennis Inaccuracies in High Speed Oscillatory Pressure Measurements R. B.Lawhead
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