returned to MIT as Professor of Metallurgy, in charge of the Corrosion Lahoratory, he has taught a course on corrosion. The lectures for this course have served as the backbone for this present 370-page text. I t is gratifying to report that it is B clear, interesting and up-to-date treatment of the subject. It contains the essentials without a mass of distracting claims and counterclaims so often encountered in this field. The statements that are made, however, are supported hy numerous footnote references to original literature, which permit the reader to dig into any topic as intensively as he wishes. The first five chapters deal with the physical chemist^^ (electrochemical mechanisms mostly) of corrosion, covering such topics as galvanic cells, concentration cells, free energy change and electrode potentials, liquid junction potentials, measurement of pH, reference half-cells, polarization, overvoltage, corrosion rates, cathodic and anodic protection, and passivity. The remaining chapters apply the prinoiples to explain the complicated behavior of selected metals and their alloys, including iron, copper, aluminum, magnesium, lead, nickel, titanium, sirconium, tantalum, and finally silicon-iron and silicon-nickel alloys. Along the way, introduced when appropriate to the particular element under discussion, are such topics as stress corrosion, hydrogen cracking, radiation damage, inhibitors and passivators, and water treatment. Thus, the engineering and industrial aspects are provided with technically accurate explanations. Thesign convention adopted is the same as that used in the Lewis, Randall, Pitzer and Brewer edition of "Thermodynamics"; thus, the zinc electrode has a negative reduction potential and is also the negative pole of a galvanic cell in which the standard hydrogen electrode is the positive pole. In Chapter 25, numerous problems are unobtrusively introduced with reference to the chapters to which they are appropriate, available to the teacher to assign but not oonspicuous enough to encumber the more oasual reader. There are useful appendices and an excellent index that contains names aa well as subject headings. This book presupposes some familiarity with elementary concepts of chemistry and of thermodynamics. At MIT the lectures are designed for seniors and graduate students. Chemi~tryteachers will find thia an excellent baok to serve as a refresher for themselves and as a textbook or reference baok for their students.
broad area of the chemical process industries. The volumes in the series, including the one bemgreviewed, are not speci6cally designed as textbooks. They are moderately advanced in that they me written for persons who already have s good background in engineering but not necessarily in the specialized topica. Many of the topics will be in areas that are not n s u d y discussed in detail by the abndard textbooks. Thepresent book follows this philosophy in that, as the title indicates, it discusses the actual calculet,ions necessary when considering mass transfer processes. I t does not attempt to go into the theory of mass transfer operations and refers the reader to the more stnndard texts for this. Thus the book would he mainly advantageous to two broad c h e s of readers: senior and graduak students as a supplementary reference book and practicing engineers without time for learning the complete theory but the need to rapidly learn how to design mass transfer equipment. The second group of readers will probably be the major ones and they will find many different types of design methods treated. The procedure of the authors is to use a rather complicated realistic problem as an example for each of the main divisions in the hook. Thus eaoh of the design methods for any topic are utilized on the same problem. This is a useful approach in that it indicates the differing answers obtained from the various techniques. Considering this point, a possible criticism of the book would be that slthough the various methods are presented, there is not much disoussion as to what one should do about the differing answers. Thus s much more critical evaluation of the various design methods and results would have been helpful. This would he partioulrtrly helpful for the practicing engineer who usually is most interested in the best avsila,ble method and would probably like to h o w the opinion of experts in the field. Another omission is that design procedures for computer calculations are not given and only hand computation methods are considered. The topim covered include the usual mass t r m f e r suhjecte of absorption and desorption, binary distillation, multicomponent distillation, solvent extraction, and humidification and water cooling. Each of these broad areas is then further broken down into the types of equipment used such as packed oolumna and plate columns and operating methods such as batch and continuous. Extensive numerS. FOSTER ical calculations are presented for each LAURFNCE U.S. A ~ m yMaterials Reseaxh Agmcy topic so that the reader should he able to Wale7trmn Arsenal, easily follow the steps. Watertown, Massachusetts In summary, then, this book will be most useful for a practicing engineer who wants to quickly find out about mass Mass Transfer Process Calculations t r m f e r calculations and as s. snpplementary reference book for students. It H . SazuzZUZsImuski and W . Smith, Imperial presents detailed numericd examples of College of Soience and Technology, various design methods available for hand London. Interscience Publishers (a computation. division of John Wiley and Sons, Inc.), New York, 1963. xiii 518 pp. Figs. and tahles. 15.5 X 23.5 cm. $13.50. K~NNETE B. BSSCHOFP This book is part of a series designed University of T a m for those engineers who are involved in the Austin
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A130
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Journol of Chemical Mucafion
The Structure of Line Speora
Lima Pauling and Samuel Gmdsmit, McGraw-H111Book Co., Inc., New York, 1963. viii 263 pp. Figs. snd tables. 13.5 X 20 cm. Paperbound. $2.75.
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Paperback issue of the 1930 copyright. Ions in Solution
R m 2 d W . Gurney, University of Bristol, England (deceased). Dover Publica206 tions, Inc., New York, 1963. vi pp. Figs. and tables. 13.5 X 21.5 em. Paperbound. $1.50.
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Paperback issue of the 1936 Cambridge University Press copyright. Ionic Processes in Solution
Ronald W . Gurney, University of Bristol, England (deceased). Dover Publica275 tions, Inc., New York, 1963. ix pp. Figs. and tables. 13.5 X 21.5 cm. Paperbound. $1.75.
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Paperback issue of the 1953 MeGrawBill copyright. Reaction Heats and Bond Strengths
C. T. Mortimer, University College of North Staffordshire, England. Pergamon Press, New York, 1962. (American edition distributed by AddisonWesley Publiehing Co., Inc., Reading, Massachusetts.) Figs. and tables. 15 X 22 em. $5. This book review0 and discusses recent thermochemioal data. It is concerned mainly with the problem of how the heats of chemical reactions can he interpreted in terms of bond strengths. The dependence of the heat of a reaction on temperature is neglected since bond energies are much larger than energies due to thermal motion. The author then defines what is meant by heat of formation from normal atoms, heat of combustion, heat of formation from gaseous atoms, and finally hond energies. I t is pointed out that the idea that the energy of molecule being "lacalized" in a number of bonds between stoms ie an artificial one and that in reality the total energy is the sum of attractive and repulsive potentials between bonded and non-bonded atoms. None the less, the study of departures from constant bondinc enemies is interestinc and useful. h i d e yront ~ o u e r : d r e n w k ; (!hapter I givw s brwf review of the exllwimtmtnl ~netl.udsused 1.3 measure lwatr uf chrrniral reactions. Chapter 2 deals with strain energies in organio compounds. The information was obtained from heate of combustion and hydrogenation, and can be interpreted by assuming that there exist three kinds of strains. These are angular strains due to compression of a normal hond angle; interaction strain due to repulsion between non-bonded atoms; and torsional strain of double bands out of plane. The hydrogenation data of non-aromatic compounds are examined in Chapter 3. These heats fall off aa an R- group replaces a H atom in ethylene. These (Continued on page A132)
BOOK REVIEWS reduced heats of hydrogenation have in the paat been ascribed to stabilization of the unsaturated compound due to "hyperconjugation." The author concludes that it is uncertain to what extent hyperconjugst,ion, hybridization, or polar attraebions are responsible for these effects. Resonance energies are examined in Chapter 4. The methods used to calculate them from experimentid data are discussed and several examples are reviewed. I t is pointed out that the magnitude uf the resonance energy for a molecule is not a n intrinsic property but depends entirely on the reference state chosen. The remainder of the hook is concerned with energies of polymerization, heats of formation of free radiclerr, and molecular addition eompounds from acceptor and donor molecules. The factors affecting the strengths of metal-carbon and metal halogen bonds are examined. The ionization energies of acids and bases in aqueous solution and bond strengths in silicon, phosphorus, and sulfur eompounds are discussed in the last chapters of the hook. In general the book is well written and organized. Over three hundred references to the literature are given; both an author and subject index are included. The book can be highly recommended to student,s of tlrermocl~emistryand tlmmodynamics.
JOHN R. LACHER Colorado TJniuersity RU~CIPT
Identitication of Organic Compoundr: A Student's Text Using Semimicro Techniques
Nieholm D. Cheronis (deceased), Brook1.y College, Brooklyn, New York, and John B. Entntnkin, Centenary College Shreveport, Louisiana. Interscience Publisbera (a division of John Wiley $ Sons, Inc.), New York, 1963. xii 477 pp. Figs. and tables. 15.5 X 23.5 cm 85.95.
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Anyone seriously interested in qualitative organic anslyaes is almost cerhinly familiar with the excellent precursor of this book by the same authors. With this assumption, the fallowing portion of the preface to the present hook serves as its own review: "This t,ert,, although it is essentially an abridgment of a lnrger work by the same authurs (Cheronis and Entrikin, "Semimicro Qualitative Ovganie Analysis," 2nd ed., Interscience Publishers, New York, 1957), has been completely rewritten. All of the material from the larger text that had been found essential or partiedarly useful to students of elementary or intermediate organic chemistry has also heen covered in the present book. Some less frequently used techniques, tests, and derivatives have been omitted in order to present a tent of moderste size and cost. "As compared t o the larger work by these authors, the following characteristics of the present text may be noted:
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/ Journal o f Chemical Education
