RESEARCH RESULTS . . . immediately available
3
All manuscripts listed here are being considered for possible publication in I&EC and I&EC quarterlies. They are available to I&EC subscribers at reproduction and handling cost, at any time prior to publication. Papers withdrawn from consideration will generally remain available for 90 days if authors approve. A Research Results Service manuscript should be treated as a personal communication. Reference to its content in any publication should have the author’s prior approval. Please use the minted c o n o n and include payment with your order.
Study of local Heat Flux to a Water Film Flowing Down a Vertical Surface
EfI‘ect of ripples on local heat flux found to depend on intensity of heat flux. Qualitative explanation offered to describe mechanism of the heat transport.
14 pages, including 7figures
$2.00
A Calculational Method for the Determination of Surface Tensions from Photographed Menisci. Application to Water and Mercury
J . C. Biery and J . M . Oblak, University of California A method is presented for the calculation of surface tensions from menisci in cylindrical tubes. T h e calculational method generated surface tensions of mercury and water to within 0.570 of the published values.
AIS. 64-320
37 pages, including 7 tables, 93gures
84.00
Warren S. Askew and Robert B . Beckmann, University of Maryland An experimental study of the local heat transfer coefficient in an agitated vessel is presented as functions of vessel geometric parameters, impeller parameters, and input power to the system in terms of Nusselt, Reynolds, and Prandtl number correlations. M s . 64-338
20pages, including Gfigures, 4 tables
Research Results Service, l&EC
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On the Calculation of Diffusion Coefficients of Multicomponent Gas Mixtures
Semiempirical procedure tested against experimental data and found reasonably accurate. Compares favorably with other commonly used procedures.
MS. 64-359
$2.00
70 pages, including 7 table
87.00
Simple Pore and Thin Film Models of Porous Gas Diffusion Electrodes
Leonard G. Austin, Pennsylvania State University; Morio Ariet and Robert D . Walker, University of Florida; and Gwendolyn B. Wood and Raymond H. Comyn, U . S. Materiel Command
For normal gas solubilities and diffusion coefficients, simple pore model (proposed for nonwetted electrodes) leads to low mass transport limited currents unless pore diameter is less than about 1 micron. For wetted double-layer structure electrodes, mathematical treatment of thin film model leads to useful simple solutions which can form basis for design of test experiments.
MS. 84-363
local Heat Transfer Coefficients in Agitated Vessels
t
(Payable to American Chemical Society)
B . P. Mathur and S. C . Saxena, Rajasthan University, Jaipur, India
Ramesh Cliand and Harold F. Rosson, University of Kansas
AIS. 64-260
................................ Price ................................ Total Remittance (check, money order, cash) . . . . . . . . MS. No.
26 pages, including 7 1 figures
$3.00
Use of Coal and Fly Ash as Adsorbents for Removing Organic Contaminants from Secondary Municipal Effluents
G. E. Johnson,
L.M . Kunka, and J . H . Field, Bureau of Mines
Best coals tested about one-fourth as efficient as activated carbon for COD, but cost much less and can be burned afterwards with no loss in fuel value. Fly ashes remove as much as GG% C O D and 715% ABS. Effectiveness improves with increased carbon content. Cost estimates given for 100 million-gallonper-day plant.
Theoretical Considerations in the Zone Melting of Organic Substances
M s . 64-365
Robert Friedenberg, Paul J . Jannke, and Winthrop Hilding, University of Connecticut
Vulcanization Characteristics of Polybutadienes
Equations developed from a kinetic study of the diffusion gradient in melt zone have been programmed on a 704 digital computer, and concentration profiles for two-zone velocities graphed. Information of value in understanding transport process of impurity and segregation phenomenon a t freezing interface. Gives further corroboration for length of melt zone in pure diffusion.
Branching, molecular weight distribution, and certain impurities cause differences in induction period and cure rate of gum stocks from several polybutadienes. I n black loaded stocks, solution PBD’s were essentially equal, while emulsion PBD’s exhibited much slower rate. No differences in curing characteristics of solution polymers are attributed to microstructure.
MS. 64-339
78 pages, including 6figures
16 pages, including Jfigures, 4 tables
82.00
W . W. Barbin, Firestone Tire LY Rubber Company
M s . 64-367
14pages, including 4Jigures, 6 tables
$2.00
$2.00 frans-1,4-Polyisoprene.
Its Properties and Applications
Chemical Suppression of Nitrogen Oxides
E. G. Kent and F. B. Swinney, Polymer Corporation Ltd.
Bernard A. Kerns, Westinghouse Electric Corporation
Synthetic balata essentially identical to natural balata can be produced. Excellent physical and chemical properties combined with thermoplastic and vulcanizable nature open way to expansion of uses.
New approach to nitrogen oxide control by eliminating fumes before release from chemical solution. Investigation of ureanitric acid-nitrogen oxide reactions for both copper and iron includes study of possible hazards.
MS. 64-357
6 pages
$1.00
Ms. 64-368
24pages, including Qjgurcs, 7 tables
$3.00
(Continued on gage 90) VOL. 5 6
NO.
12
DECEMBER 1 9 6 4
89
R E S E A R C H RESULTS N e w Polyurethanes from Tetrahydrofuran and Alkylene Oxide Copolymers
Solvent Exlraction of Cesium (and Rubidium) from Ore liquors with Substituted Phenols
F. M . Maine and R. J . Levesque, Canadian Armament Research and Development Establishment
Wesley D . Arnold, David J . Grouse, and Keith B. Brown, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Three systems of copolymeric diols investigated. When compared with products obtained using homopolymer of propylene oxide, polyurethane using an ethylene oxide-tetrahydrofuran copolymeric diol was superior as indicated by Gehman freeze point, Shore hardness, and tensile strength.
A new process uses 4-sec-butyl-2-(cu-methylbenzyl) pheno j in hydrocarbon diluent to extract cesium selectively from alkaline liquors. High-purity cesium salts are readily prepared. An alkaline roast-water leach method for dissolving cesium from pollucite ore is also described.
Ms. 64-369
Ms. 64-390
27pages, including Bjigures, 8 tables
63.00
28pages, including Bfigures, 5 tables
$3.00
Dynamics of Multiphase Flow Syslems
Odor Abalement with Potassium Permanganate Solutions
S. L. Soo, University o j Illinois
Hans S. Posselt and Arno H. Reidies, Carus Chemical Comfiany, Inc.
Demonstrates that rigorous formulation of dynamics and electrodynamics of multiphase systems is feasible. Generalized “multiphase” concept is such that, even for gas-solid suspension of one type of solid material, particles of different sizes, shapes, masses, electrical charges, dipoles, and magnetism constitute different “phases” in addition to gas phase.
Based on laboratory and field experience, air pollution abatement by chemical oxidation using potassium permanganate is considered feasible from both technical and economic point of view.
Ms. 64-370
33 pages, including 6 j g u r e s
M S . 64-391
17 pages, including 7 figure, 2 tables
$2.00
$4.00 Two New instruments for On-Sfream Measurement and Control OF Pour Point
Constant Pressure Decomposition of Nitrous Oxide
J . R. hricholson, E. S. Fishburne, and R. Edse, Ohio State University, and K . Scheller, Aerosbace Research Laboratories Decomposition in continuous flow reactor with 11.2 atm. pressure and initial heater temperature from 772’ to 1233’ K. Once initiated, reaction results in complete decomposition of nitrous oxide. Experimental observations confirmed by theoretical calculations. Several typical examples support observed difficulty in obtaining a partial decomposition. Ms. 64-379
ZOpages, including 5jigures, 3 tables
W . V. Cropper and G. L. Hammond, Precision Scientific Development Company Versatile and highly precise analyzer continually measures ASTM D-97 pour point on samples from distillate fuels processing. Capable also of testing samples introduced manually. Simplified derivative instrument used for automatic control of distillate-fuel blending operation.
Ms. 64-392
28pages, including 8Jgures, 4 tables
$3.00
$2.00 A Mass Transfer Model for the Kolbe-Schmitt Carbonation of 2-Naphthol
Effect of Chlorination Conditions on the Preparation and Isomer Dislribution of linear Detergent Alkylate
P. G. Phadtare and L . K . Doraiswamy, ‘Vational Chemical Laboratory, Poona, India
D . J . Hurley, R. W . Rosenthal, and R. C. Williamson, Gulf Research and Development Company
Analysis of carbonation of 2-naphthol in dispersant (kerosine) shows the reaction essentially mass transfer controlled. Proposed model represents experimental results with average deviation of about 4%, and gives relationship between over-all disappearance of sodium naphtholate (or &naphthol) and carbonation time. Can probably be applied to carbonation of a variety of phenols by both wet and dry methods.
Chlorination of dodecane in benzene reduces amount of 1chlorododecane formed. Decrease in primary chloride content is accompanied by an increase in internal or combined 4-, 5-, and 6-isomers, while combined 2- and 3-isomer content remains almost constant. Chlorinated dodecane mixtures undergo 1 0 0 ~ reaction o in 45 minutes when arylation is carried out with AICl, a t 25’ C. Identical conditions on dodecane chlorinated neat results in only 95.5% reaction. Ms. 64-382
7 pages, including 6 tables
87.00
Sulfation of Straight-Chain Alcohols and Ethoxylates with Sulfur Trioxide
C. Q.Sheely and R. G. Rose, Continental Oil Company Reaction conditions established for acceptable product. Recommendations given for acceptable time intervals between sulfation and neutralization. Equipment, operating procedures, and reaction conditions described for neutralization of C8 to C I ~sulfated straight-chain alcohols and ethoxylates with NaOH. Phase diagrams given for liquid and solid regions of CIO-CI~blend sodium alcohol sulfate, H20, and solvent system.
MS. 64-385
73 pages, including 6 j g u r e s
,f2.00
Relationship OF Struclure of Chlorinated Waxes to Slability
37 pages, including 5Jigures, 2 tables
64.00
Alkali Stability of Some Uronic Acids and Its Implications in Borohydride and Polysulfide Cooking
N i l s Hartler and Inga-Lisa Si’ensson, Cenlral Laboratory o j the Swedish Cellulose Industry ( C C L ) , Stockholm I n softwoods, addition of either sodium borohydride or polysulfide to kraft cook drastically improves alkaline stability of glucomannan but not of xylan; in hardwoods stability of xylan is much improved with significant increase in retention in the pulp. Studies on model substances a t temperatures up to 1000 c. Ms. 64-394
70 pages, including 3 j g u r e s
81.00
Chemistry of Pinolic Acid. Synthesis of gem-Dimethylcyclobutane Compounds
J . D. Park, AT. L. Allfihin, Jr., S.K. Choi, R. L. Settine, and G. W . Hedrick, University of Colorado
Instability in chlorinated waxes caused by presence of tertiary and other labile chlorine atoms. Oil and naphthene content of wax largely responsible for these. Greater stability exhibited by waxes as chlorine content increases appears due to inactivating influence of chlorine atom adjacent to a labile one.
Synthesis of a series of new compounds including 2,2-dimethyl2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dimethylenecyclo1,3-divinylcyclobutane; butane; 2,2-dimethyl-l-methylene-3-vinylcyclobutane;2,2dimethyl-1,3-dioxocyclobutane; and 3-oxo-2,2-dimethylcyclobutane-carboxylic acid was accomplished from cis-dlpinonic acid. T h e physical properties of compounds prepared were studied including the NMR spectra.
MS. 64-389
Ms. 64-399
L. Weintraub and H. 0. Mottern, Air Reduction Company, Inc.
90
MS. 64-393
7 pages, including 4 tables
$1.00
INDUSTRIAL A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
18 pages, including I table
82.00
RESEARCH RESULTS I-Dehydrogenation of Steroids at Levels above Their Solubilities
Glass-Resin Interaction of Filament-Wound Composites
P. G . Conrad and F . J . Darms, Aerojet-General Corporation
J . W. Chen, F. J . Hills, H . J . Koepsell, and W. D . IMaxon, The
Higher performance and more reliable filament-wound structures are achieved by understanding role of each constituent in a filament-wound pressure vessel, knowing the physical properties and characteristics of materials most influential in establishing performance of composites, and by assigning a n index of perfoimance to each significant property for comparative studies in development and selection of new materials.
Ms. 64-402
1 2 pages, including 8 figures
$2.00
Upjohn Company Complications in bioconversion of steroids above level of their solubilities are described. Enzyme kinetics in solution, solubilities, and their interactions are combined into a useful mathematical model of a typical case, I-dehydrogenation of l l @ , 2 1 dihydroxy-4,17(20) -pregnadiene-3-one, which verifies assumptions on which it is based and can be used to predict outcome of modifications in the procedure.
M s . 64-415
83.00
22pages, including 7figures, 2 tables
Longitudinal Mixing in Gas-Sparged Tubular Vessels Low Temperature-High Pressure Flow Calorimeter
W . B. Argo and D . R. Cova, Monsanto Company Data for gas-water systems, indicating effect of changes in vessel diameter, gas density, and gas flow rate. For reactor design, small departures from “complete mixing” can be very important when effort is towaid driving a reaction almost to completion. Mixing studies reported in form of longitudinal dispersion coefficients.
Ms. 64-403
30 pages, including 9 figures, 2 tables
$3.00
Franklyn D . ikfiller, Richard F. Kohne, and Harold H . Morse, U. S. I . Chemicals Company Apparatus measures enthalpy changes for pure gases and gas mixtures a t pressures from 15 to 650 p.s.i.g. and temperatures from -157’ to + 2 5 O C . Initial measurements and calibrations made with nitrogen ; correction for heat losses developed. Flow diagram of equipment, and detailed drawing of cryostat and calorinieter included.
M s . 64-416
?5pages, including IJigures, 1 table
$2.00
The Use of a Pulse Flow Technique for Determining Activation Energies of Adsorption of Gases on Catalysts at Elevated Temperatures
Performance of a Packed Distillation Column with Electrically Heated Packing
3.B. Sardisco and J . M . Lennie, United Gas Corporation
Tarik G. Sorner, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
Modified sorptometer measures quantity of gas adsorbed by solids a t elevated temperatures. For systems measured (methane on supported nickel catalyst and hydrogen on zinc oxide) activation energies agreed well with previously published values. Degree of experimental error decreases with decrease in molecular weight of adsorbate gas.
Definite improvement of column efficiency noted as result of heated packing, with greater effect a t higher liquid rates, increasing rapidly near flooding range. Coke, graphite rings, metal-coated particles, and similar materials can be used as packing. Theoretical analysis and experimental results presented.
Ms. 64-406
Ms. 64-419
???pages, including Sfigures, 3 tables
$2.00
A . C . Zettlemoyer, Lehigh University Describes use of heats of immersion technique to attack problems in various fields. Includes determinations of average polarity of solid surfaces, site energy distribution or heterogeneity of solid surfaces, solution adsorption, interaction of surfactants with graphitic surface, and heat of formation of double layers.
40pages, including lofigures, 6 tables
$4.00
A . L. Van Geat, State University of New York at Buffalo, and A . W . Adamson, University of Southern California Semiempirical relationships provide excellent correlation of available data on differential, tracer, and self-diffusion coefficients; can be applied to any mixture of n-alkanes. Basic data compacted in convenient nomograph with range from -20’ to 250’ C. and from CS to Caz chain lengths.
MS. 64-422 Aqueous Interfaces. Properties
Method of Study and Some Structural
Frequently used methods for precise surface and interfacial tension determinations are reviewed. Anomalies in many aqueous surface and interfacial properties are described and related to our present knowledge about water structure; considerable molecular ordering is postulated near aqueous surfaces and interfaces.
87pages, including 32figures, 2 tables
77 pages, including 1 figure
$2.00
Physical Restrictions to Homogeneous Reactions on Wood
Conrad Schuerch, State University College of Forestry at Syracuse University
Walter Drost-Hansen, University of M i a m i
IMS. 64-408
$3.00
Prediction OF Diffusion Coefficients for liquid n-Alkane Mixtures
‘lmmersional Wetting OF Solid Surfaces
Ms. 64-407
2 1 pages, including 5Jigures, I table
Summarizes important physical and chemical problems, without regard to engineering or economic difficulties. Physical restrictions are related to pore structure and variable density of wood, and to the accessibility of wood substance to nonionized and ionized species.
Ms. 64-424
25pages, including dfigures, 2 tables
$3,00
$9.00 Delignification of Nitrogen Compounds. Nitrous Acld on Unbleached Sultlte Pulp
‘Effect OF Anti-Icing Additive on Microbial Growth in Jet Fuels
Robert K.Johnston, J . C. Tyler, F. W. Bieberda~f,and R . D . Brown, Southwest Research Institute
1.
Action
of
Henry I. Bolker, McGill University
Data confirm field and laboratory experience indicating that normal working concentrations of methoxyethanol in water Studies bottoms are effective in suppressing microbial growth. made in 4000-gallon tanks and 15-gallon drums.
Nitrous acid effective and a possible substitute for chlorine in bleaching sulfite pulp. Extent of delignification a function of pH, temperature, time, and NaNOz concentration; reduction in viscosity dependent only on pH, temperature, and time. Multistage process but reaction conditions not difficult and sodium nitrite consumption low.
M S .64-412
M s . 64-426
22 pages, including 4 tables
$3.00
30 pages, including 10 figures, 8 tables VOL. 5 6
NO. 1 2
83.00
DECEMBER 1 9 6 4
91
