R E S E A R C H RESULTS . . . immediateb available All papers listed are being considered for publication in I&EC or one of the I&EC Quarterlies. They are available in manuscript form, with the requirement that any reference to their content in a publication must have the author's prior approval. Orders are processed within 24 hours of receipt, with shipment b y first class mail. Prices for I&EC subscribers and nonsubscribers are listed with each manuscript. Please include payment with order.
O n Fluorination of UO~-PuO2Pellets b y CIFa in a Fluidized Packed-Bed Reactor. Formation of UF6 is governed by same parameters as in absence
of plutonium. A chemical circuit for Pu volatilization studies should be simple and compact, with quantitative trapping of Pu compounds directly a t reactor outlet, or in fluidized bed itself.
Jacques Vandersteene, Harry Parthey, and Gustaaf J . Sjaejen, Laboratories du C.E. N . a Mol-Donk, Brussels, Belgium
growth. This model has certain advantages over previously reported empirical correlations.
Gregory D. Botsaris and Edward G . Denk, Jr., Tufts University
Ms. 6 9 - 2 1 4 l&EC Subscribers
3 2 pages (6 figures, 1 table)
$8.00 Nonsubscribers $1 6.00
Cycling Zone Adsorption. A N e w Separation Process. Cyclic changes in concentration are
2 5 pages (5 figures, 5 tables) I&EC Subscribers $6.00 Nonsubscribers $ 1 2 . 0 0
produced in fluid flowing through a fixed bed of solid adsorbent owing to temperature cycling of the bed. Product stream is collected separately during periods of positive and negative deviations from the feed composition.
The Effect of Tensides (Surfactants) on Mass Measurement of absorption of hyTransfer.
R. L. Pigford, Burke Baker, III, and D . E. Blum, Uniuersitj of C a i $ h z i a , Berkeley
Ms. 6 9 - 1 3 6
drogen sulfide and carbon dioxide in ammonia solution shows that overall mass transfer coefficient is reduced to 1 / 2 to 2/3 initial value when tensides are added. Monomolecular tenside films appear to give additional resistance to absorption. h i ' . Schingnitz, V E B Ingenieurtechnisches Zentralburo, Bohlen, and G. Buttner, Bergakademie, Freiberg, Germany
MS.69-1 51
17 pages (5 figures, 1 table) I&EC Subscribers $4.00 Nonsubscribers $8.00
Cafalytic Synfhesis of lactic Acid from Acetaldehyde, Carbon Monoxide, and Water under With nickel iodide supported on Pressure.
silica gel (h'i:SiOz = 50:50), the catalyst exhibiting highest activity of those tested, a maximum conversion of 44.4% aceialdehyde in lactic acid was obtained under optimum conditions.
MS.6 9 - 2 15 I&EC Subscribers $4.00
15 pages ( 5 figures) Nonsubscribers $8.00
SurFace Tension of liquids and the Corresponding States Principle. Data for pure liquid
substances were correlated, and the correlation used to calculate surface tension values from the initial point constants and the quantum mechanical deBoer parameter in the temperature range at least 1°K from critical point temperature.
J . Lielmers and A . P. Watkinson, University of British Columbia
Ms. 69-21 6
10 pages ( 2 figures, 1 table) i&EC Subscribers $ 2 . 0 0 Nonsubscribers $4.00
Hexane Isomerization over a Zeolite Catalyst.
Synthetic mordenite, with and without a dispersed noble metal, showed unusually high
hexane hydroisomerization activity. A reaction model was developed from the isomeric hexane data and the effect of pressure was compatible with a dual-site catalytic mechanism.
Alexis Voorhies, Jr., Louisiana State L'niuersity and R. G. Beecher, Esso Research Laboratories Ms. 6 9 - 2 1 8 I&EC Subscribers $2.00
8 pages (1 1 figures) Nonsubscribers $ 4 . 0 0
Hydrocracking N-Hexane and Cyclohexane over Zeolifen. Integral reactor data were correlated successfully with a simplified model.
This model was first order with respect to the hydrocarbon. The effect of increasing the hydrogen partial pressure \*;as compatible with a "dual site" mechanism.
Alexis Voorhies, Jr., and William J . Hatcher, J r . , Louisiana State U-ninioersitj
Ms. 6 9 - 2 1 9 2 5 pages (6 figures, 2 tables) I&EC Subscribers $6.00 Nonsubscribers $1 2.00 Kinetics of the Saponiflcation of Diethyl Adipate. From studics in tubular and batch
reactors, frequency factors, activation energies, and heats of reaction for both steps, and a feasible analytical scheme are presented. Heat and mass transfer effects, evaluated experimentally, are used to estimate errors in the model.
M . R. Sewberger and R. H . Kadlec, Uninioersitj of M~chzgan
Ms. 6 9 - 2 2 7 3 6 pages (1 2 figures, 2 tables) I&EC Subscribers $8.00 Nonsubscribers $ 1 6.00
S. K . Bhattacharyya, S. K . Palzt, and A . R . D a s , Indian Institu!e of Technology, Kharagpur
Ms. 6 9 - 1 75
1 7 pages (5 figures, 3 tables) I&EC Subscribers $4.00 Nonsubscribers $8.00 ~
The Batch Process Application to Ion Exchange Unit Operation. Compares fixed bed and batch
~
Please send the following manuscripts by first class [7 air mail Extra charge per manuscript for air mail: U.S.A., Canada & Mexico,
ion exchange processing. Where no complementary phenomenon occurs, choice is based on comparison of adsorption efficiencies for equal values of process duration, phase amounts, and ionic compositions. Analytlcal solutions are suggested.
Florin Danes, Rumania
Polytechnic
Institute,
Bucharest,
Ms. 6 9 - 2 0 8
2 7 pages ( 5 figures, 2 tables) I&EC Subscribers $6.00 Nonsubscribers $1 2.00
Growth Rates of Aluminum Potassium Sulfate Crysials in Aqueous Solutions and Their Correlation b y a Compound Crystal Growth Mechanism. Rates were measured as functions
of supersaturation and correlated by a mechanism which assumes that crystallization occurs both by two-dimensional nucleation and by dislocation 82
RUSH
RESEARCH RESULTS SERVICE, I&EC 1155 Sixteenth Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036
$0.50; Europe & South America, $1.50, All others, $2.00 ~
I
Extra for Air Mail
Nos. Price
TOTAL PAYMENT
DD
.
1
Send check or money order payable to the American Chemical Society. Unesco Coupons or Cash also accepted
j
Name
~
I&EC Subhriber
~
Nonsubscriber
Address
INDUSTRIAL A N D ENGiNEERlNG CHEMISTRY
ZIP
.'
'
\
Some Pumping Characteristics of Coal Char Slurries. Transportation in slurries with oil and
with water was investigated. Apparent viscosity of slurries was reduced by adding minus 325-mesh char. Pressure drop-velocity data correlated, assuming a Bingham-fluid model. Pumping costs were comparable with those of other slurry pipelines.
Martin E. Sacks, Michael J . Romney, and John F. Jones, F M C Corporation Ms. 6 9 - 2 2 9 2 2 pages ( 7 figures, 3 tables) I&EC Subscribers $ 6 . 0 0 Nonsubscribers $1 2.00 Problems in Predicting Flow Rates of Gases through Small Apertures. Calculations and
graphs of the molecular and viscous flow of gases in relation to several variable conditions are provided. The conditions were selected from pressure, volume, time, and aperture dimensions (diameter and depth) to provide data most applicable to electronic components used in space flight.
G. L. Jacobs, Sperry Gyroscope Company MS.6 9 - 2 3 0 1 8 pages (5 figures, 1 table) I&EC Subscribers $4.00 Nonsubscribers $8.00 Electrophoresis as a Method of Investigating the Electric Double layer. Proposes a procedure
to measure double-layer potential and the Debye the variation of mobility solids. Reviews suitable rently available.
properties, both zeta length, by observing with concentration of instrumentation cur-
I d E C Summer Symposium on Chemistry and Physics of Interfaces. I I . Sydney Ross and R. P. Long, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Ms. 6 9 - 2 3 1 4 9 pages ( 1 2 figurer) I&EC Subscribers $ 1 0.00 Nonsubscribers $ 2 0 . 0 0 Optimizing Plant Expansion. Considers a model for expansion of a one-product process, then extends it to a multiproduct, multiprocess system. Properties of optimal solutions are characterized, and a simple, efficient solution technique is given in the one-plant process.
Sherwood C. Frey, J r . , Gilbert 7’. Howard, and George L. Memhauser, T h e Johns Hopkins Unioersity MS.6 9 - 2 3 3 I&EC Subscribers $4.00
1 9 pages ( 6 figurer) Nonsubscribers $8.00
Kinetics of the Oxychlorination of Ethylene.
Data indicate that the reaction proceeds via oxidation of the adsorbed ethylene to form an ethylene-oxygen complex, subsequently chlorinated to ethylene dichloride by either hydrogen or cupric chloride. The ethylene-oxygen surface reaction is the rate-determining step.
R. V . Carrubba and J . L. Spencer, Columbia University Ms. 6 9 - 2 3 4 2 0 pages ( 2 figures, 4 tables) l&EC Subscribers $4.00 Nonsubscribers $8.00
discrete points in space are used to give’an estimate of the whole state. Calculations for a tubular heat exchanger with three measuring points are given.
T . M . Pel1 and R. Aris, University of Minnesota Ms. 6 9 - 2 3 6 I&EC Subscribers $6.00
2 4 pages ( 3 figures) Nonsubscribers $1 2.00
in low-temperature plasma, both quasiequilibrium and nonequilibrium. Considers advantages, peculiarities, and economic promise of several plasma chemical processes.
F . B. Vurzel and L. S. Polak, Moscow, U.S.S.R. Ms. 6 9 - 2 3 5 50 pages (5 figures, 2 tables) I&EC Subscribers $1 0.00 Nonsubscribers $20.00
ing a 50-ton-per-day sulfuric acid plant. With slight alterations the program can be used for any other reaction scheme taking place in a multistage adiabatic reactor system.
D . P. Rao and P. S. Ramachandran, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
Kinetics of Cuprous Iodide Oxidation with Air. In the temperature range of 300° to 4OO0C,
MS.6 9 - 2 4 9 1 3 pages (1 figure, 2 tables) I&EC Subscribers $4.00 Nonsubscribers $8.00
the action is autocatalytic. Diffusional resistances appear to be unimportant. Computations suggest that backmix of solids must be reduced to a minimum when designing the industrial scale reactor for this reaction.
Further Considerafionr Regarding Stability of Distributed Systems Using the liapunov Functional Method. Sufficient stability conditions
Heinz J . Neuburg, Universidad Tecnica del Estado, Santiago, Chile Ms. 6 9 - 2 3 9 17 pages (5figures, 1 table) I&EC Sdbscribers $4.00 Nonsubscribers $8.00 Kinetics of the Solid-state Reaction between Sulfathiazole and Succinic Anhydride.
Kinetics of the thermal reaction was studied by heating pellets of mixed powders at temperatures from 75O to llO°C. A proposed kinetic equation assumes diffusion in pores, grain boundaries, and dislocations.
Griseldn Pinero, Raul W. Quiroz, and Jorge J . Ronco, Universidada Nacional de la Plata, Argentina Ms. 6 9 - 2 4 3 10 pages ( 3 figures, 1 table) I&EC Subscribers $ 2 . 0 0 Nonsubscribers $ 4 . 0 0 Selective Catalytic Removal of Ammonla from Gases Containing Acrylonitrile. U p to 90% of
the ammonia present in the effluents of the propylene ammoxidation reaction can be removed by bismuth phosphomolybdate catalyst in a vapor-phase oxidation under given reaction conditions.
S.C. Malhotra, E. I. du Pant de Nemours @ Company, Inc. MS.6 9 - 2 4 4 I&EC Subscribers $ 2 . 0 0
7 pages ( 2 tables) Nonsubscribers $ 4 . 0 0
Closed l o o p Control of Nonlinear Systems Via Liapunov’s Second Method. Control policy
described is based on the objective of making the time derivative of a Liapunov function negative, and numerically as large as possible so the desired state will be approached rapidly.
W. F.Ramirer, Jr., University of Colorado MI. 6 9 - 2 4 5 I&EC Subscribers $2.00
are derived for the adiabatic catalyst particle having a Lewis number different from unity. In addition, a sufficient global stability condition is derived for an adiabatic tubular reactor with axial diffusion.
A . J . Berger, Shell Development Company MS.6 9 - 2 5 1 I&EC Subscribers $4.00
1 2 pages Nonsubscribers $8.00
Minimum Time Solution for a Class of Distributed Parameter Systems. Diagonal system of
equations is obtained from sampled-data model. Each equation represents eigenvalue of distributed system. Switching times obtained using an analog computer agreed well with McCausland’s results. Relationship between number and duration of switchings to eigenvalues is clearly shown.
John W . Graham, Nova Scotia Technical College, Halifax MS.6 9 - 2 5 2 2 4 pages ( 7 figures) I&EC Subscribers $ 6 . 0 0 Nonsubscribers $1 2.00
Rates of Evaporation and Condensation Between Pure liquids and Their Vapors. Effect of
net vapor movement was examined experimentally and Schrange’s theory was found satisfactory. An approximate method was suggested for considering the motion of phase boundary due to the loss or gain of surface liquid in the heat transfer calculation.
Jer R u M a a , Rochester Institute of Technology MS.6 9 - 2 5 4 I&EC Subscribers $ 4 . 0 0
1 8 pages ( 4 f l g u r 4 Nonsubscribers $8.00
9 pages Nonsubscribers $4.00
Design of Continuous and Batch Addition Polymerization Processes. This survey is con-
fined to polymerization processes for polyethylene, PVC, and styrene resins, which account for 14 of a current 20 million tons world production of thermoplastics and thermosets. Final application of the polymer is primary factor in process choice.
Norbert Platzer, Monsanto Company Plasma Chemical Technology in the Future of Chemicol Industry. Reviews chemical reactions
Optimal Design of Multibed Sulfur Dioxide Oxidation Unit. Results can be used in design-
Ms. 6 9 - 2 4 6 5 3 pages ( 1 7 figures, 3 tables) I&EC Subscribers $1 2.00 Nonsubscribers $ 2 4 . 0 0
Oxidation of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Calalyzed by Metallic Ions. Catalytic and syner-
gistic effects of nine metallic ions and their interactions with phosphite, amine, and phenolic antioxidants were evaluated by a high-pressure DTA method. Mechanisms were proposed to explain the reported observations.
W. R. M a y and Lewis Bsharah, Petrolite Corporation MS.6 9 - 2 5 5 I&EC Subscribers $4.00
1 5 pages ( 4 tables) Nonsubscribers $8.00
Gas-liquid Kinetics. The Hydrogen SulfideZinc Sulfate Reaction. Develops a mathematical
Optimal Control of linear Multivariable Plants with Constant Disturbances. Optimal control
model to describe the reaction in terms of mass transport of the HS- species, balanced by the chemical reaction between Zn2+ and HS-. Results based on this model are in good agreement with experimental values.
problem for linear multivariable plant with constant external disturbance formulated and solved analytically. Suitably selected quadratictype performance index, a proportional-plusintegral multivariable feedback controller results.
Some Problems in Chemical Reactor Analysis with Stochastic Features. Optimal control of a
R. A . Brown and G. M . Ehemann, R C A Electronic Components
Pierre R. Latour, N A S A Manned Spacecraft Center
linear distributed system with noisy inputs is considered in the case where observations at
MS.6 9 - 2 4 7 3 5 pages (1 3 figures) I&EC Subscribers $8.00 Nonsubscribers $1 6.00
MS.6 9 - 2 5 7 4 4 pages ( 1 figure) I&EC Subscribers $1 0.00 Nonsubscribers $ 2 0 . 0 0
VOL. 6 1
NO. 8 A U G U S T 1 9 6 9
83
RESEARCH RESULTS
and ”4-hydroxyethyl derivative) indicate these impart fire-retardancy to polyvinyl chloride, polyester, and epoxy resins.
S. M . Spat2 and Herman Stone, Allied Chemical Use of Tetrabrornophthalic Anhydride (TBPAA) in Construction of Fire-Retardant Polyester and Epoxy Resins. TBPAA is a powerful fire-re-
tardant monomer, demonstrated in comparative combustion tests. Minimal TBPAA requirement is equivalent to ca. 12Yo Br content in polyester and epoxy resins. Addition of TBPAA to chlorine-containing monomer upgrades performance of latter.
Corporation
MS.6 9 - 2 6 0 i&EC Subscribers $ 2 . 0 0
7 pages ( 1 table) Nonsubscribers $4.00
Ms. 6 9 - 2 5 8 46 pages (1 4 figures, 1 2 tables) I&EC Subscribers $1 0.00 Nonsubscribers $ 2 0 . 0 0 Discoloration
Harold L. Hutchinson, Lee E. Brown, and Paul L. Barrick, University of Colorado
H . W . Ackerman, Jr., Allied Chemical Corporation
of
Tetrabromophlhalic
Anhy-
dride Polyester Resins. Browning of light-exposed resins appears due to C-Br photolysis. Discoloration is more pronounced in tetrabromophenyl rings containing unreacted -COOH groups. Masking of the latter and ultraviolet absorbers offer some protection; dyestuffs and halogen-scavengers little or none.
S. M . Spatz, H . Stone, IM.Koral, R. I. Stciner, and H . W . Ackerman, Jr., Allied Chemical Corporation Ms. 6 9 - 2 5 9
2 6 pages ( 2 figures, 8 tables)
I&EC Subscribers
$6.00 Nonsubscribers $1 2.00
Some N-Substituted Tetrabromophthalimide Fire-Retardant Additives. Variety of tetrabro-
mophthalimides prepared by several synthetic methods for evaluation as fire-retardant additives in resin materials. Preliminary tests with several imides (e.p., tetrabromophthalimide
William C. McCarthy, Phillips Petroleum Company
Ms. 6 9 - 2 6 8 2 0 pages (10 flgures, 1 table) I&EC Subscribers $4.00 Nonsubscribers $ 8 . 0 0
Kinetics of a Unimolecular Reversible Catalylic Reaction on a Nonuniform Surface. Simple two-
parameter expression developed to describe overall reaction rate in both directions of unimolecular reversible reaction on nonuniform catalyst surface. Excellent experimental agreement with predictions of model is obtained using data from low temperature ortho-para shift of hydrogen.
S. M . Spatz, H. Sfone, IM. Karol, R. I. Steiner, and
single, binary, and multicomponent hydrocarCombons in nitrogen a t 100 and 300 psig. ponent concentration, gas velocity, presaturation, and pressure investigated and correlated with length of mass transfer zone.
Ms. 6 9 - 2 6 3 2 2 pages, 4 figures I&EC Subscribers $6.00 Nonsubscribers $1 2.00 Utility of Hexafluoroacetone Polymers as Exterior Coatings. Tests on hexafluoroacetone
copolymers have show-n exceptional ultraviolet and chemical resistance, good solvent resistance, and acceptable thermal stability. Coatings exhibit short-term weatherability superior to epoxies and urethanes and a t least comparable to long-life coatings.
Harry A . Smith, The Dow Chemical Company MS. 6 9 - 2 6 6
9 pages ( 2 figures, 5 tables) I&EC Subscribers $ 2 . 0 0 Nonsubscribers $4.00
Adsorption of light Hydrocarbons from Nifrogen with Aefivated Carbon. Dynamic adsorp-
tion data obtained on activated carbon for
Predicting Rubber Properties with Accuracy.
Experimental scheme demonstrated allowing sequential fitting to data of linear, quadratic, and cubic polynomial models in two independent variables.
George C. Derringer, PPG Industrzes, Inc. Ms. 6 9 - 2 6 9 3 2 pages ( 1 2 figures, 8 tables) I&EC Subscribers $8.00 Nonsubscribers $1 6.00 Flow Model for a Jacket. For tangential injection, pulse input data were used to postulate a simple flow model. Output from a step change in temperature was calculated and compared with experimental results.
I. H . Lehrer, Monash Unibersity, Victoria, dustralia MS.6 9 - 2 7 1 I&EC Subscribers
$4.00
1 6 pages (6 tables) Nonsubscribers $ 8 . 0 0
Use of the Hydraulically Propelled Piston Bed in Solid-Liquid Separations. Continuous moving
bed filtration column, hydraulically propelled, was used to clarify water containing colloidal organic solids. A filtration rate of 9 gal/minsq ft was obtained when sand was thc media.
N . C. M. Landis and H. F . Wiegant, Cornell University Ms. 6 9 - 2 7 2 3 2 pages (6 figures, 1 table) I&EC Subscribers $ 8 . 0 0 Nonsubscribers $ 1 6.00
INSTANT FIRST AD I FOR THE
Mass Transfer from Internally Well-Mixed Gas Bubbles to a Well-Mixed liquid in fhe of Bubble-Bubble Interaction. Absence
Method is given for determining liquid phase concentrations of dissolved gases in SherwoodFarkas equation for simultaneous transfer of two components of a gas bubble to a liquid. Methods are also given to correct for varying interfacial area and varying flux ratio.
R..’\I
Fleck, Unzon Oil Company of California
MS.6 9 - 2 7 3 I&EC subscribers $4.00
1 9 pages (4 figures) Nonsubscribers $ 8 . 0 0
A Note on Heat Transfer with PoiseuilleCouette Flow, T h e general problem of heat transfer with laminar flow between parallel planes is examined for various boundary conditions a t the stationary and moving planes. Local Nusselt numbers are predicted for various flow configurations ranging from Couette flow to Poiseuille flow.
acids, alkaries, or particles contact the eyes and face, HAWS i n s t a n t f i r s t a i d responds at a touch! Controlled and localized streams flood contaminants down the drain t o orevent Derrnanent injury. Write for HAWS free “First Aid on TaD!” cataloa
E. J . Daais and M . A . Epfon, Clarkson Collepe of Technology
Ms. 6 9 - 2 8 2 30 pages (5 figures, 5 tables) l&EC Subscribers $6.00 Nonsubscribers $ 1 2.00
%-
1
1
EMERGENCY EYE
FOUNTAINS 84
INDUSTRIAL A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
Aspects of Real M i x i n g in a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor. Effects of inlet and outlet
HAWS DRINKING FAUCET GO. 1443 Fourth Street Berkelev. -. California 94710 Also manufacturers of emergency drench showers drinking fwntains and water cool4rs.
location on mixing characteristics are presented. An attempt is made to describe types of flow for various feed and exit line placements. Design procedures are suggested to approach ideal
CSTR. John E. McDaniel, W. Fin Johnson, and Edward P. Stahel, North Carolina State LJniversitjl 2 9 pages ( 1 6 figures) Ms. 6 9 - 2 8 8 I&EC Subscribers $6.00 Nonsubscribers $1 2.00
