RESEARCH R E S U L T S . . . immediately available All papers listed are being considered for publication in I&EC or one of the I&EC Quarterlies. They are available in manuscript form, with the requirement that any reference to their content in a publication must have the author’s prior approval. Orders are processed within 24 hours of receipt, with shipment by first class mail. Prices for subscribers and nonsubscribers are listed with each manuscript.
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Please include Dament with order.
Optimum Control of Distributed-Parameter Systems with Space-Independent Controls. For distributed parameter sys-
tems such as tubular reactors and head exchangers, necessary and weakly sufficient conditions are obtained by first- and secondorder perturbations. For linear hyperbolic systems with a quadratic performance criterion, a linear feedback control law can be derived.
Yen-Ping Shih, Lowell B . Koppel, and Donald R. Coughanowr, Purdue Universrty
MS. 67- 198
Evaporation Reduction of Water.
Possibilities for liquid paraffins combined with white pigments as evaporation barriers for open water surfaces have been explored. New methods for treating the pigments, so that they are not wettable by water or paraffin oil, are needed.
I. Bursztyn, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, Israel M s . 67-241
Subscrrbers $2.00 Nonsubscribers 84.00
14pages ( Q j g u r e s )
Subscribers $2.00 Nonsubscribers $4.00
Dlmethylaniline by Heterogeneous Catalysis. Activity, Seiectivity, and Stability of Various Catalysts. Acidic catalysts of
Optimum Feedback Control of the Tubular Plug Flow Heat Exchanger by Manipulation of Wall Temperature 6r Wall Flux.
the alumina and silica-alumina types were tested. The most active, selective, and stable catalyst is a partially deactivated silica-alumina. The activity is higher in pure catalysts. Natural catalysts are less active but are more selective.
20 pages
Previous general theory was used to calculate position-varying gains for optimal feedback control. Performance of an approximate controller, using only four temperature measurements, compared closely with the ideal. Results indicate general structure of optimal controllers for more complex tubular processes.
Yen-Ping Shzh, Lowell B. Koppel, and Donald R. Coughanoua, Purdue University
Ms. 67-799
Subscribers 84.00
38 page? ( 7 1jgures, 3 tables)
Nonsubscribers $8.00
Chemical Aspects of Industrial Preparation of the Rare Earth Metals. A review of experience with the process chemistry in-
volved in producing rare earth metals. Fluoride and chloride preparatory methods are described along with metallothermic reduction techniques. Comparative microstructures and final product purity analysis are shown. Industrial process optimization considerations are discussed.
J. M . Parera, A . Gonzales, and M . A . Barral, Facultad de Ingenieria Quimica, Universidad Nacional Del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentzna M s . 67-265
Subsmbers 82.00 Nonsubscribers 84.00
19 pages (2~figures,2 tables)
Determination of Azeotropy in Multicomponent Systems by Successive Rectifications. Presents an experimental method for location of all (minimum-boiling) azeotropes in a given multicomponent mixture. Minimum experimentation is assured by a new graphical method of accounting. Application to a sevencomponent mixture is described in detail.
Peter J . Lunde, Carrier Corp.
MS.67-266
Subscribers $2.00
1 5 pages ( 3 j g u r e s )
Nonsubscribers 84.00
John L. Morzarty, J r . , Lunex Co.
MS.67-221
Subscrzbers $2.00
18pages (gjgures, 4 tables)
*
Suboptimality
in
Dynamic
Nonsubscribers $4.00 Programming.
Applications.
Show ow the concept ofsuboptimality can be used in problems of op mization of operational research. Describes a new algorithm for determination of suboptimal policies in a sequential graph.
L. Thiriet and A . Deledicq, Atomic Energy Commission, Paris, France Ms. 67-230 26 pages ( 2 j g u r e s )
Subscribers $3.00 Nonsubscribers $6.00
Kinetics of the Catalytic Vapor Phase Hydrodealkylation of Toluene. With chrome-alumina and nickel-on-silica gel cata-
lysts in fixed and fluidized beds, the hydrodealkylation reaction was first order with respect to toluene and half order with respect to hydrogen concentrations. Rate equations represent experimental data satisfactorily within the range of variables studied.
M . Ravzdram and N . R. Kuloor, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 67-239 24pages ( g j g u r e s , 6 tables)
Subscribers $3.00 Nonsubscribers $6.00
Modes of correlating transitional effects between smooth and rough flow are indicated. Near wall velocity profiles and turbulence profiles verify transition functions, clarify an uncertainty in regard to pipe factor formulation, and present new information on turbulence structure.
Turbulent Flow in Rough Pipes.
J . M . Robertson, J . D . Martin, and T . H . Burkhart, University of Illinois
MS. 67-267
Subscribers 85.00
49 pages ( l g j g u r e s )
Nonsubscribers 110.00
Computer Simulation of the Tolylene Diisocyanate-Polyol Reaction. Concentration of “free TDI” was reduced by decreas-
ing the concentration of 2,G-tolvlene diisocyanate relative to the 2,4-isomer, increasing the hydroxyl to isocyanate ratio, and using polyols of lower molecular weight. Temperature of reaction had little effect on “free TDI” concentration.
Robert A . Martin, Kenneth L. Hay, and Roland H . Peterson, Union Carbide Corp.
Ms. 67-268
Subscribers $3.00
25 pages (bjgures, 6 tables) VOL. 5 9
Nonsubscrrbers S6.00 NO. 9
SEPTEMBER
1967
87
RESEARCH RESULTS Control of Countercurrent Stage Process with Multiple Control loops. Effects of location of the measurmg elements and selec-
tion of manipulating variables were investigated theoretically. A new index, a ratio of the final values of controlled variables, is proposed for design of a multivariable control system.
Toshzjuks Osawa and Toshiyuki Yokota, Yamagata L'ntverstty, Japan
Ms. 67-269 4 2 p a g e s ( 7 j g u r e s , 2 tables)
Subscribers 55.00 Nonsubscribers $10.00
Catalytic Cracking of Acetic Acid to Acetic Anhydride.
N . Padmanabhan, P. K . Deshpande, and N. R. Kuloor, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore M s . 67-283
2 5 p a g e s ( S j g u r e s , 9 fables) Equipment and procedures \\ere developed for routine preparation of 25pound batch quantities, \Qith calcium, iron, nickel, and silicon impurities in the 0.01 to 0.05% range and all other impurities below 0.01 %.
Tri-
ethyl phosphate is better than silica gel for obtaining ketene. Optimum yield of 77.73% was obtained at 750' C., 100 mm. of Hg, 0.3% triethyl phosphate concentration, and 5.687 X 10-4 hour apparent contact time. For silica gel, the rate controlling step is surface reaction with dual site mechanism.
Subscribers $3.00 Nonsubscribers
$6.00
Preparation of Anhydrous Chromous Chloride.
Robert L. de Beauchamp and Thomas A. Sullzvan, Bureau of Mines
Ms. 67-274 1 2 pages ( 3 j g u r e s )
Subscribers $2.00 Wonsubscribers $4.00
Measurement of Heat Transfer Coefficients in Dropwise Condensation. A modified form of the Wilson method has been
applied to the determination of condensing heat transfer coefficients in dropwise systems. This allows coefficients to be calculated without use of questionable surface temperature measurements.
J a y J . Scheldorf, L'niversity of Colorado
Ms. 67-284 Calculation of the Transient Behavior of Solvent Exlraction Processes. A numerkal method has been programmed in For-
22 pages ( 6 j g u r e s )
The Partial Molal Surface and the Vapor Pressure of Mixtures.
tran IV. Multiple feed and exit streams are permitted. Stage concentration profiles for as many as three distributing components can be calculated. Method can be used to optimize startup and shutdown procedures in nuclear fuel processing equipment.
The molal surface concept was used to develop a new formula for calculating vapor pressure of a mixture of paraffin hydrocarbons. Calculations using the formula agreed better with experimental observations than those using Raoult's law.
J . T. Lowe, E. I. du Pont de Nemours B Co.
Clarke C. Minter, Washington, D . C.
Ms. 67-278 23pages ( 5 j g u r e s , 2 tables)
Subscribers 53.00 .Vansubscribers $6.00
Derivatives of 5-Methyl-2-oxazolidinone as Plasticizers for PVC. Esters of 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methyl-2-oxazolidinone
and several 3-poly(oxyalkylene)-5-methyl-2-oxazolidinonesare characterized by high efficiency, high resistance to extraction by hydrocarbons, poor-to-good resistance to extraction by water, and poor-to-fair resistance to extraction by detergents.
R. A . Hzckner, T h e Dow Chemical Go Ms. 67-279 Qpages ( 4 tables)
Subscribers $1.00 Nonsubscribers $2.00
M s . 67-289 8 p a g e s ( 4 fables)
Evaluation of Four Esters Derived from 2-Oxazolidinone as PVC Plasticizers. Tallate and oleate esters have permanence and
low temperature properties (tide extraction excluded) superior to many commercial plasticizers. Epoxies have added advantage of heat and light stabilization. Resistance of oleates and epoxies to extraction by hydrocarbons suggests application in contact with oily foods.
R. A. Hzckner, T h e Daw Chemical Co.
M s . 67-280 17pages ( Z j g u r e s , 6 tables)
Subscribers $2.00 Nonsubscrtbers $4.00
Analysis reported includes a simple mathematical model for adsorption and desorption processes. Experimental data verify the model and are used to determine several important operating and potential design parameters for adsorption of COz on 5A molecular sieve.
Paul Fukunaga and K. C. Hwang, AiResearch Manufacturing Co. Sam H. Davis, Jr., and Jack Winnick, N A S A Manned Spacecraft Center
MS.67-291
distribution in a general multicomponent liquid system of neutral constituents. A possible application of results is discussed.
Harry T . Cullinan, Jr., State University of 1Vew York at Buffalo Ms. 67-281 75 Pages
Subscribers $2.00 Nonsubscribers $4.00
ments of pressure and temperature rise across the pump. The method is inherently more accurate than the conventional. Examples show application to water pumps.
Austin Whillier, Transvaal and Orange Free State Chamber of Mines' Johannesburg, South Africa Ms. 67-293
through time on cross-sectional area is rigorously investigated in the simplest possible case: a linear rate law is assumed with coefficient dependent on some function of the interstitial fluid velocity; a single solute is assumed to be exchanged.
William A. B g e r , Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory iMs. 67-282
20 pages ( I j g u r e )
Subscribers 82.00 .A70nsubscribers 54.00
Heterogeneous Catalytic Oxidation of Hydrocarbons. Data suggest that for highly selective oxidation, catalyst structure should ensure the presence of a single anionic oxygen species a t the surfa,ce, and be such that initial surface reaction produces a single species. Further oxidation of desired product must be slow.
C. F . Cullis, T h e City University, London, England
MS. 67-295 25 Pages ( 5 j g u r e s , 4 tables)
Optimal Cylinder Shape for Ion Exchange Columns with a Velocity-Dependent Linear Rate l a w . Dependence of break-
Subscribers 53.00 Xonsubscribers $6.00
Pump Efficiency Determination in Chemical Plant from Temperature Measurements. A simple equation is derived for calculating efficiency of pumps handling any liquid from measure-
1 3 pages ( 1 table) Equilibrium Sedimentation in Nonideal Multicomponent liquid Systems. An explicit solution is given for isothermal equilibrium
Subscribers $7.00 Xonsubscribers $2.00
Mixed-Gas Adsorption and Vacuum Desorption of COI on Molecular Sieve. 1. Thermodynamic and Rate Behavior.
25 pages ( 8 j g u r e s , 2 tables)
88
Subscribers $3.00 ~A70nsubscribers$6.00
Subscribers $3.00 h'onsubscribers $6.00
Transient Study of liquid Holdup in Packed Beds. Describes apparatus which records transient behavior of liquid irrigation in packed beds, reproduces mean holdups obtained by other methods, and yields other transient information not obtainable by previous techniques. Use of the method in conjunction with transient mass transfer studies is suggested.
N . Standish, Wollongong University College, N.S. W., Australia Subscribers 52.00
Nonsubscribers $4.00
INDUSTRIAL A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
Ms. 67-296 9 pages ( 3 j g u r e s )
Subscribers $1.00 Nonsubscribers 82.00
R E S E A R C H RESULTS Prediction of the Diffusivity Matrix in liquid Mixtures. The absolute rate theory of Eyring is extended to multicomponent diffusion, then generalized to account for association and irregularly shaped molecules. Data show excellent agreement for main diffusion coefficients but only fair for cross coefficients.
C. M . Yon and H. L. Toor, Carnegie Institute of Technology
Ms. 67-299
Subscribers 33.00
2 3 p a g e s (6 tables)
Nonsubscribers 36.00
Gaseous Diffusion and Flow in Commercial CatdySfS at Pressure levels above Atmospheric. Studies with five commercial
catalysts indicate strongly that the parallel path pore model of Johnson and Stewart can be used with confidence to predict diffusion, or diffusion and flow, under wide ranges of temperature and pressure from a single measurement a t one set of conditions.
Charles N. Satterjeld and P. John Cadle, Massachusetts Instztute of Technology
MS. 67-307
Subscribers 84.00 Nonsubscribers 88.00
-39pages ( 8 j g u r e s , 4 tables)
Esterification of Oleflnr by Carboxylic Acid.
Definitive data are presented for the case of octene esterification with chloroacetic acid.
4U VeeJet.with 4 " NPT i n l e t connection
A
w
I/,VV V $ e J e t w i t h '/a NPT inlet connection
A
CATALOG 25
verything for spraying . . . all types of spray nozzles, spray guns, strainers and accessories.
SPRAYING SYSTEMS CO. 3255 Randolph Street
Bellwood, Illinois 60104
Dario R. Cova and C. Wzllzam Roos, Monsanto Co. Ms. 67-302
Subscribers $1.00
9 pages (2jfgures, 4 tables)
Nonsubscribers $2.00
Circle No. 23 on Readers' Service Card
The Pump That Never Gets Wet
RANDOLPH PUMP FLUIDS FLOW T H R O U G H A FLEXIBLE TUBE WITHOUT CONTACTING THE PUMP
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C A P A C I T I E S U P T O 2 0 0 G A L L O N S PER H O U R o~.~*~............o.....,*o..,
FOR FREE CATALOG CONTACT THE RANDOLPH GO 1062 ROSINE ST. HOUSTON, TEXAS 77019 Phone (Area Code 713) JAckson 6 - 2 0 9 1 Circle NO. 4
on Readers' Service Card
Circle No. 8 on Readers' Service Card
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