THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY covering the
dynamic world
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at ambient environmental conditions and that this PCB volatilization may be enhanced by microbial reductive dechlorination. (Bushart, S. P.; Bush, B.; Barnard, E. L.; Bott, A. "Volatilization of Extensively Dechlorinated Polychlorinated Biphenyls From Historically Contaminated Sediments," Environ. Toxicoll Chem. 1998, 17(10), 1927-1933)
Toxicology Chemical mixtures. A combined approach using physiology-based dosimetry models and strategic experimentation is effective in assessing the potential interactive effects of components in chemical mixtures. (Bond, J. A.; Leavens, T. L.; Seaton, M. I.; Medinsky, M. A. "Predicting the Toxicity of Chemical Mixtures," CHEMTECH July 1998, 16-23)
Every week, THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A (MOLECULES)ANdTHE JOURNAL
Wastewater
OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B (MATERIALS)
present original experimental and basic research for scientists working with molecules, condensed phases, materials, and biomolecules.
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at http://pubs.acs.org. To order call 1 - 8 0 0 - 3 3 3 - 9 5 H * Outside the U.S., 614-447-3776. EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Mostafa A. El-Sayed Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta American Chemical Society Publications Division
Biofilm reactor. A combination moving-bed biofilm reactor-solids contact reaeration process, which is more compact and significantly cheaper than a conventional trickling filter-solids contact process, produces required effluent quality at higher loads. (Rusten, B.; McCoy, M.; Proctor, R. Siljudalen, J. G. "The Innovative Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactor/Solids Contact Reaeration Process for Secondary Treatment of Municipal Wastewater," Water EnviTCiYt Res. 1998 70(5), 1083-1089) High-solids digestion. Methane production in high-solids digestion processes is more significantly affected by ammonium-nitrogen concentration than by free ammonia, whereas the lag-phase time depends more strongly on the ammonia level, not the ammonium. (Lay, J-J.; Li, Y-Y.; Noike, T "The Influence of pH and Ammonia Concentration on the Methane Production in High-Solids Digestion Processes," Water Environ. Res. 1998 70(5) 1075-1082)
Water Lipophilic toxicants. Theoretical and experimental analysis shows that the accumulation by fish of nonmetabolized, and, therefore, persistent lipophilic compounds are determined by exchange across the gills, not through the food chain. (Randall, D. J.; Connell, D. W.; Yang,
3 6 A • JAN. 1, 1999 / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / NEWS
Hydrophobic pollutant partitioning Partitioning of organic pollutants, such as pyrene, to natural refractory organic matter alters their mobility and bioavailability. E. A. Guthrie and colleagues found that ,3C-labeled pyrene was sequestered by sedimentary humic acid and humin and the associated pollutant was not extractable by organic solvents. No evidence for covalent binding was found, and the pyrene structure was not altered. Biological activity enhanced the extent of sequestration, presumably by alteration of the humic structure Over time increasing amounts of pyrene became associated with the humic materials The results have implications for the structure and properties of humic substances as W P I I as for an understanding of nnllutant hphavior anri aging [Envirnn
Scl Tprhnol
this
issue pp 119-125)
R.; Wu, S. S. "Concentrations of Persistent Lipophilic Compounds in Fish Are Determined by Exchange Across the Gills, Not Through the Food Chain," Chemosphere 1998, 37(7), 1263-1270) Effluent testing. Results suggest the importance of using invertebrates and algae as test species in evaluating the hazard of effluents, which are frequently nutrient-affected, which are discharged to near-coastal areas of the Gulf of Mexico. (Lewis, M. A.; Weber, D. E.; Stanley, R. S. "Comparative Animal and Plant Toxicities of 10 Treated Effluents Discharged to Near-Coastal Areas of the Gulf of Mexico," Water Environ. Res. 1998, 70(6), 1108-1117) Contributors: Michael Brauer, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Brian Eitzer, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Conn.; Stephen Geiger, Remediation Technologies, Inc., King of Prussia, Pa.; Vincent Hand, Miami University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Oxford, Ohio; Louis Kovach, Ecolife Associates, Wilmington, Del.; and Raewyn Town, Queen's UniversityofBelfast, Northern Ireland.
