Research
1174 Evidence for Diffuse Contamination of River Sediments by Road Asphalt Particles
Critical Reviews
Pierre Faure, Patrick Landais, Laurence Schlepp, and Raymond Michels
1125
On the basis of analysis of biomarkers, the contamination of river sediments from eastern France is related to the dispersion of road asphalt particles.
Solid-Solution Partitioning of Metals in Contaminated Soils: Dependence on pH, Total Metal Burden, and Organic Matter Sébastien Sauvé, William Hendershot, and Herbert E. Allen
Solid-liquid partitioning coefficients for trace elements are compiled from >70 studies, and the variability is explored relative to pH, organic matter, and total soil metal.
Characterization of Natural and Affected Environments
1182 Impact of Isostatic Uplift and Ditching of Sulfidic Sediments on the Hydrochemistry of Major and Trace Elements and Sulfur Isotope Ratios in Streams, Western Finland Mats Åström and Baruch Spiro
Changes in 534S(SLl|fate) in waters draining acid sulfate soils reveal that the release of sulfate and toxic metals is controlled by multistage oxidation/reduction of sulfur.
1189 1132 Size and Composition Distribution of Fine Particulate Matter Emitted from Motor Vehicles
Oil Pollution in the Straits of Malacca, Malaysia: Application of Molecular Markers for Source Identification
Michael J. Kleeman, James J. Schauer, and Glen R. Cass
Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria, Ai Horinouchi, Shinobu Tsutsumi, Hideshige Takada, Shinsuke Tanabe, and Ahmad Ismail
A dilution source sampling system is augmented to measure the size-distributed chemical composition of fine particle emissions from gasoline- and diesel-powered motor vehicles.
C29/C30 and SC31-C35/C30 hopane diagrams successfully discriminate between tar-balls derived from Middle East petroleum and domestic petroleum pollution in the Straits of Malacca, Malaysia.
1143 Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin and Polychlorinated Dibenzofuran Contamination in Soil and Home-Produced Chicken Eggs Near Pentachlorophenol Sources Martha E. Harnly, Myrto X. Petreas, Jennifer Flattery, and Lynn R. Goldman
Very low ppt PCDD/PCDF ITEQ levels in soil at homes near wood treatment facilities are associated with significant contamination in eggs from foraging chickens.
Environmental Processes 1197 Henry's Law Constants of Some β-, γ-, and δ-Hydroxy Alkyl Nitrates of Atmospheric Interest Keren Treves, Leah Shragina, and Yinon Rudich
Henry's law coefficients of newly synthesized C4 and C5 hydroxy nitrates at 291 ± 2 K were measured using a dynamic equilibrium system and their atmospheric fate assessed.
1150 Reactive Uptake of Trace Metals in the Hyporheic Zone of a Mining-Contaminated Stream, Pinal Creek, Arizona Christopher C. Fuller and Judson W. Harvey
Streambed dissolved metal and solute tracer profiles indicate Co, Ni, and Zn are removed by uptake on Mn oxides forming in the hyporheic zone.
1156 Nutrients in Groundwaters of the Conterminous United States, 1992-1995 Bernard T. Nolan and Jeffrey D. Stoner
Occurrence and distribution of nitrate and other nutrients are described for shallow groundwater and major aquifers sampled as part of a national water quality assessment.
1166 Rationalization of an Odor Monitoring System: A Case Study of Lin-Yuan Petrochemical Park Lu-Yen Chen, Fu-Tien Jeng, Ming-Whei Chang, and Shui-Hway Yen
An odor-monitoring stations arrangement is studied with the help of air pollutant dispersion modeling and supporting emission data.
1204 Dissolved Oxygen Declines in the Hudson River Associated with the Invasion of the Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) Nina F. Caraco, Jonathan J. Cole, Stuart E. G. Findlay, David T. Fischer, Gregory G. Lampman, Michael L. Pace, and David L. Strayer
Dissolved oxygen declines associated with the invasion of the zebra mussel are described and budgeted for a large tidal river, the Hudson River.
1211 Past Leaded Gasoline Emissions as a Nonpoint Source Tracer in Riparian Systems: A Study of River Inputs to San Francisco Bay Charles E. Dunlap, Robin Bouse, and A. Russell Flegal
Provides new evidence for retention of past leaded gasoline emissions in riparian systems suggesting long removal times from the environment despite emissions reductions.
1216 Detection of Phenol and Benzoate as Intermediates of Anaerobic Benzene Biodegradation under Different Terminal Electron-Accepting Conditions Matthew E. Caldwell and Joseph M. Suflita
• Supporting Information is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.
Experiments using [13C-UL]benzene are designed to probe the metabolic fate of this substrate under anaerobic conditions.
APRIL 1, 2000 / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / NEWS • 1 5 7 A
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1265
Dissolution of Sedimentary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons into the Lugworm's (Arenicola marina) Digestive Fluids
Electrocatalytic Dehydrochlorination of Pentachlorophenol to Phenol or Cyclohexanol
Ian M. Voparil and Lawrence M. Mayer
A deposit feeder's digestive fluids solubilize enhanced concentrations of PAHs due primarily to incorporation into surfactant micelles.
1229 Acetone-Photosensitized Reduction of Carbon Tetrachloride by 2-Propanol in Aqueous Solution Eric A. Betterton, Nadia Hollan, Robert G. Arnold, Stefan Gogosha, Krista McKim, and Zhijie Liu
Pierre Dabo, André Cyr, François Laplante, Franklin Jean, Hugues Ménard, and Jean Lessard
Pentachlorophenol is totally dehydrochlorinated to phenol or cyclohexanol by electrocatalytic hydrogenation in aqueous alkali on particles of a catalyst entrapped in a reticulated vitreous carbon electrode.
1269 Optimization of Adsorption of Hydrophobic Herbicides on Montmorillonite Preadsorbed by Monovalent Organic Cations: Interaction between Phenyl Rings
The reductive dehalogenation of carbon tetrachloride to chloroform by 2-propanol is promoted by acetone upon exposure to sunlight or near-UV light.
Shlomo Nir, Tomas Undabeytia, Dana Yaron-Marcovich, Yasser El-Nahhal, Tamara Polubesova, Carina Serban, Giora Rytwo, Gerhard Lagaly, and Baruch Rubin
1234
Optimization of clay-based herbicide formulations requires a selection of structurally compatible organic cations preadsorbed on the clay at optimal coverage.
Experimental Study of Bimolecular Reaction Kinetics in Porous Media Deepashree S. Raje and Vivek Kapoor
Environmental Technology
Experimental observations of a bimolecular reaction in a porous medium column highlight the challenge of modeling rapid reactions in porous media flows.
1275
1240 Photolytic Transformation of Organic Pollutants on Soil Surfaces—An Experimental Approach Marianne E. Balmer, Kai-Uwe Goss, and René P. Schwarzenbach
The presented approach allows the separation and quantification of photochemical and transport processes, which both affect the observed photodegradation rate obtained from experiments with irradiated soil layers.
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1246
Polanyi-Based Models for the Competitive Sorption of Low-Polarity Organic Contaminants on a Natural Sorbent Guoshou Xia and William P. Ball
Competitive sorption of apolar organic chemicals with geologic sediment is successfully predicted as partitioning plus adsorption, with adsorption modeling based on Polanyi adsorption theory.
1254 Sorption of Selected Organic Compounds from Water to a Peat Soil and Its Humic-Acid and Humin Fractions: Potential Sources of the Sorption Nonlinearity
Use of Carbonate and Alkali To Eliminate Escherichia coli from Dairy Cattle Manure Francisco Diez-Gonzalez, Graeme N. Jarvis, David A. Adamovich, and James B. Russell
E. coli from stored dairy cattle manure is a source of water pollution, but it can be killed by sodium carbonate if the pH is alkaline.
1280 Kinetics and Mechanism of Pentachlorophenol Degradation by Sonication, Ozonation, and Sonolytic Ozonation Linda K. Weavers, Noah Malmstadt, and Michael R. Hoffmann
Degradation of PCP by sonication and sonolytic ozonation is studied; the existence and importance of parallel pathways is discussed.
1286 Odor Control in Wastewater Treatment: The Removal of Thioanisole from Water—A Model Case Study by Pulse Radiolysis and Electron Beam Treatment Thomas Tobien, William J. Cooper, Michael G. Nickelsen, Enrique Pernas, Kevin E. O'Shea, and Klaus-Dieter Asmus
Cary T. Chiou, Daniel E. Kile, David W. Rutherford, Guangyao Sheng, and Stephen A. Boyd
Electron beam irradiation treatment is successful in removing thioanisole from water, which can be simulated with the help of literature and experimentally determined rate constants.
Potential sources for nonlinear soil sorption of nonpolar and polar solutes are further evaluated by the sorption data on the whole soil and its fractionated organic matters.
1292
1259 Use of EPR To Monitor the Distribution and Availability of Organic Xenobiotics in Model Soil Systems Alain Dumestre, Murray McBride, and Philippe Baveye
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is used to monitor the spatial distribution and degradation kinetics of two nitroxide spin probes in Ca-hectorite suspensions and pastes.
1 5 8 A • APRIL 1, 2000 / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / NEWS
Novel Methodology for Enzymatic Removal of Atrazine from Water by CBD-Fusion Protein Immobilized on Cellulose Carl Kauffmann, Oded Shoseyov, Etai Shpigel, Edward A. Bayer, Raphael Lamed, Yuval Shoham, and Raphi T. Mandelbaum
A cellulose binding domain is used to create a biofilter composed of a CBD-atrazine dechlorinating fusion enzyme and an inexpensive cellulose matrix.
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1346
Biological Reduction and Removal of Np(V) by Two Microorganisms Jon R. Lloyd, Ping Yong, and Lynne E. Macaskie
Effects of Resolution on Quantification in Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry under Conditions of Low Detector Noise. 2. Partial Least Squares Regression
Np(V) is recalcitrant to removal by established chemical and biotechnologies but reduction to Np(IV) by Shewanella putrefaciens generates a species amenable to removal by bioprecipitation.
When open-path FT-IR spectra are treated by partial least squares regression, the improvement over CLS is often 2 orders of magnitude for spectroscopically similar molecules.
Environmental Modeling •
1302
Modeling the Atmospheric Concentrations of Individual Gas-Phase and Particle-Phase Organic Compounds M. P. Fraser, M. J. Kleeman, J. J. Schauer, and G. R. Cass
Brian K. Hart, R. James Berry, and Peter R. Griffiths
1352 The Oxidation Catalytic Converter Reduces the Inhibitory Activity of Soluble Organic Fractions of Diesel Particles on Intercellular Communication Isabelle Vanrullen, Catherine Chaumontet, Philippe Pornet, Frédéric Véran, and Paule Martel
An Eulerian photochemical airshed model is adapted to track more than 150 individual vapor-phase, semivolatile, and particle-phase organic compounds over the Q-C34 range.
Soluble organic fractions of diesel particles inhibit intercellular communication, and their activities are weaker when issued from cars equipped with the oxidation catalytic converter.
1313
1359
A Combined Soil-Atmosphere Model for Evaluating the Fate of Surface-Applied Pesticides. 1. Model Development and Verification
Determination of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether in Surface Water by Use of Solid-Phase Microextraction
Rivka Reichman, Rony Wallach, and Yitzhak Mahrer
Methyl ferf-butyl ether is analyzed in German river water and precipitation by use of optimized solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.
The effect of diurnal variation of climatic parameters, soil type, and initial moisture content on pesticides volatilization studied by using a combined soil-atmosphere nonisothermal model.
Christine Achten and Wilhelm Püttmann
1365 1321 A Combined Soil-Atmosphere Model for Evaluating the Fate of Surface-Applied Pesticides. 2. The Effect of Varying Environmental Conditions
Determination of Diffusion Coefficients of Humic Substances by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy: Role of Solution Conditions
Rivka Reichman, Yitzhak Mahrer, and Rony Wallach
Jamie R. Lead, Kevin J. Wilkinson, Konstantin Starchev, Silvio Canonica, and Jacques Buffle
A nonisothermal model that combines pesticides transport in both soil and atmosphere was developed and verified by comparison with an isothermal model and experimental data.
Diffusion coefficients of the Suwannee River humic substances as determined by FCS ranged from (2-3) x 10~10 m2 s"1 as a function of pH, I, [Ca], and concentration.
1370
Environmental Measurements Methods 1331 Simultaneous Determination of L-Ascorbic Acid, Glutathione, and Their Oxidized Forms in Ozone-Exposed Vascular Plants by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Jose M. Herrero-Martinez, Ernesto F. Simó-Alfonso, and Guillermo Ramis-Ramos, Vicente I. Deltoro, Angeles Calatayud, and Eva Barreno
Assessment of the Molecular Basis of the Proallergenic Effects of Cigarette Smoke Lucy J. C. Smyth, Denise C. Machado, Anthony P. Upton, Samantha Good, Michaela Aufderheide, and Birgit A. Helm
Cigarette smoke induces synthesis and secretion of proallergenic mediators.
Communications
The response of several plant species to ozone induced stress is studied by the simultaneous evaluation of L-ascorbic acid, glutathione, and their oxidized forms.
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1337
Resolving the Scale-Dependence of Mineral Weathering Rates
Effect of Resolution on Quantification in Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry under Conditions of Low Detector Noise. 1. Classical Least Squares Regression Brian K. Hart and Peter R. Griffiths
When open-path FT-IR spectra are treated by classical least squares regression, the best results are found with low resolution, limited spectral windows, and equidistant backgrounds.
Maria E. Malmström, Georgia Destouni, Steven A. Banwart, and Bo H. E. Strömberg
A commonly observed scale-dependence of mineral weathering rates is explained through a few critical and readily available, bulk-averaged physicochemical characteristics of the different scales.
1379 Comment on "Zebra Mussel Destruction by a Lake Michigan Sponge: Populations, in Vivo 31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and Phospholipid Profiling" Anthony Ricciardi and Henry M. Reiswig
APRIL 1, 2000 / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / NEWS • 1 5 9 A
