RESEARCH Critical Reviews 973 The Use of Treatment Wetlands for Petroleum Industry Effluents Robert L. Knight, Robert H. Kadlec, and Harry M. Ohlendorf Treatment wetland operational data from refineries, terminals, and oil/gas extraction facilities indicate that this technology holds considerable promise for managing wastewaters in the petroleum industry.
Characterization of Natural and Affected Environments 981 Seasonal and Annual Load of Herbicides from the Mississippi River Basin to the Gulf of Mexico G. M. Clark, D. A. Goolsby, and W. A. Battaglin
Concentrations and loads of herbicides discharged to the Gulf of Mexico vary seasonally and annually depending on their rates of use and environmental factors.
• 987 Particle Size and Chemical Control of Heavy Metals in Bed Sediment from the Rouge River, Southeast Michigan Kent S. Murray, Douglas Cauvet, Mark Lybeer, and John C. Thomas Sequential extraction analysis of size-fractionated bed sediment from the Rouge River is used to characterize the particle size and chemical control of heavy metals in an urban watershed.
993
Environmental Processes • 1015 Iron Porphyrin and Cysteine Mediated Reduction of Ten Polyhalogenated Methanes in Homogeneous Aqueous Solution: Product Analyses and Mechanistic Considerations Johanna Buschmann, Werner Angst, and René P. Schwarzenbach Polyhalogenated methanes may be completely dehalogenated using a reactive one-electron donor and a reduced sulfur species that may react with the initially formed halomethane radical.
1021 Field and Laboratory Studies of Carbon Tetrachloride Transformation in a Sandy Aquifer under Sulfate Reducing Conditions J. F. Devlin and D. Müller
Field and laboratory experiments indicate that chloroform and carbon disulfide are produced from carbon tetrachloride transformation in the presence of fresh amorphous FeS with a ratio of about 2:1.
1028 Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation vs Primary Organic Aerosol Emission: In Situ Evidence for the Chemical Coupling between Monoterpene Acidic Photooxidation Products and New Particle Formation over Forests Ilias G. Kavouras, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, and Euripides G. Stephanou Field measurements show that photooxidation products of monoterpenes such as pinonic, norpinonic, and pinic acids strongly contribute to the mass of new particles formed.
1038 De Novo Synthesis Mechanism of Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans from Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and the Characteristic Isomers of Polychlorinated Naphthalenes F. lino, T. Imagawa, M. Takeuchi, and M. Sadakata
Production of Nitrite from the Photodegradation of Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural Waters
One of the de novo formation mechanisms for PCDFs is clarified using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as starting carbon materials.
Robert J. Kieber, Andrea Li, and Pamela J. Seaton
1044
Significant concentrations of nitrite were produced from the photodegradation of aquatic humic substances in a variety of natural waters.
999 Methylmercury Content of Eggs in Yellow Perch Related to Maternal Exposure in Four Wisconsin Lakes Chad R. Hammerschmidt, James G. Wiener, Bradley E. Frazier, and Ronald G. Rada
Exposure of yellow perch embryos to methylmercury is controlled by maternal bioaccumulation and can vary substantially within and among nearby lakes.
1004 Extractable Organohalogens (EOX) in Sediment and Biota Collected at an Estuarine Marsh near a Former Chloralkali Facility Kurunthachalam Kannan, Masahide Kawano, Yuji Kashima, Mitsuaki Matsui, and John P. Giesy
Extractable organohalogens (sum of EOC1, EOBr, and EOI) are measured for sediment, blue crab, fishes, birds, and terrapin collected near a former chloralkali facility.
1009 Estrogenic Alkylphenols in Fish Tissues, Sediments, and Waters from the U.K. Tyne and Tees Estuaries C. M. Lye, C. L. J. Frid, M. E. Gill, D. W. Cooper, and D. M. Jones Several potentially weakly estrogenic alkylphenolic compounds are analyzed in sediment, water, and fish, which also suffered strong estrogenic effects, from two U.K. estuaries.
Epigenetic Toxicity of a Mixture of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication Before and After Biodegradation Subhasis Ghoshal, Walter J. Weber, Jr., Alisa M. Rummel, James E. Trosko, and Brad L. Upham
A nonaqueous phase liquid mixture, when biodegraded from 9 PAHs to 3 PAHs, did not alter the mixture's epigenetic toxicity.
Environmental Technology 1051 Immobilization or Recovery of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons from Contaminated Groundwater Using Clathrate Hydrates: A Proof-of-Concept Jagannadha R. Bontha and Daniel I. Kaplan
Clathrate hydrate formation in the presence of a help gas was investigated for the in situ immobilization and ex situ recovery of chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants from groundwater.
1056 Field-Proven Strategies for Reducing Volatile Organic Carbons from Hardwood Drying Wei Su, Hui Yan, Sujit Banerjee, Lawrence P. Otwell, and Michael E. Hittmeier
The sharp increase in VOC concentration that occurs late during the drying of hardwood flakes can be reduced by slightly increasing the final flake moisture.
APRIL 1, 1999 / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / NEWS • 1 4 3 A
1060
Environmental Modeling
Mineralization of 2,4- and 2,6-Dinitrotoluene in Soil Slurries
1116
Shirley F. Nishino, Jim C. Spain, Hiltrud Lenke, and Hans-Joachim Knackmuss
Specialized DNT-degrading bacteria mineralize mixtures of 2,4and 2,6-dinitrotoluene in aerobic slurry reactors containing fieldcontaminated soils.
1065 Anaerobic Biotransformation of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene and 2,6-Dinitrotoluene by Clostridium acetobutylicum: A Pathway through Dihydroxylamino Intermediates Joseph B. Hughes, Chuan Yue Wang, and Chunlong Zhang Hydroxylaminonitrotoluenes and dihydroxylaminotoluene are the major metabolites of dinitrotoluene transformation by the saccharolytic fermentor Clostridium acetobutylicum.
1071 Photocatalytic Degradation of Some Methyl Perfluoroalkyl Ethers on TiO2 Particles in Air: The Dependence on the Dark-Adsorption, the Products, and the Implication for a Possible Tropospheric Sink Shuzo Kutsuna, Mitsuhiro Toma, Kop Takeuchi, and Takashi Ibusuki Fluorinated ethers, candidates to replace chlorofluorocarbons, are shown to undergo photocatalytic degradation on titanium dioxide, so that their tropospheric lifetimes might be suitably short.
Formal Uncertainty Analysis of a Lagrangian Photochemical Air Pollution Model Michelle S. Bergin, Gregory S. Noblet, Kevin Petrini, Joyel R. Dhieux, Jana B. Milford, and Robert A. Harley
Input parameter uncertainties in a photochemical air quality model produce uncertainties of 25-60% in peak ozone concentrations predicted for sites in Southern California.
Environmental Measurements Methods 1127 Optical Teledetection of Chlorophyll a in Turbid Inland Waters Herman J. Gons
Analysis of water-leaving radiance by using a hand-held spectroradiometer facilitates the monitoring of concentrations of the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll a.
1133 Study of Inlet Materials for Sampling Atmospheric Nitric Acid J. A. Neuman, L. G. Huey, T. B. Ryerson, and D. W. Fahey The adsorption of nitric acid (HN03) on a variety of wall materials is studied to determine their suitability for use in atmospheric sampling instruments.
1077
1137
Abiotic and Biological Transformation of Tetraalkoxysilanes and Trichloroethene/cis-1,2-Dichloroethene Cometabolism Driven by Tetrabutoxysilane-Degrading Microorganisms
Aquatic Sediment Pre-Extraction Preparations and the Effects on Aroclor 1248 Concentrations
Sanjay Vancheeswaran, Rolf U. Halden, Kenneth J. Williamson, James D. Ingle, Jr., and Lewis Semprini
This investigation examines the effects of different pre-extraction procedures and sediment organic carbon on Aroclor 1248 concentrations in stream sediments.
The aerobic cometabolism of trichloroethene and as-l,2-dichloroethene is observed by microorganisms grown on tetrabutoxysilane.
David J. Price and Wesley J. Birge
1086
Communications
The Lasagna Technology for In Situ Soil Remediation. 1. Small Field Test
1141
Sa V. Ho, Christopher Athmer, P. Wayne Sheridan, B. Mason Hughes, Robert Orth, David McKenzie, Philip H. Brodsky, Andrew Shapiro, Roy Thornton, Joseph Salvo, Dale Schultz, Richard Landis, Ron Griffith, and Steve Shoemaker
The first field test of the Lasagna technology successfully cleans up TCE at a DOE's contaminated clayey site.
On the Application of Open-Path Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy To Measure Aerosols: Observations of Water Droplets Ram A. Hashmonay and Michael G. Yost
In addition to measuring gases, real time open path FTIR measurements can be inverted to quantify aerosol size distributions.
1092
1145
The Lasagna Technology for In Situ Soil Remediation. 2. Large Field Test
Reductive Dechlorination of Trichloroethene Mediated by Humic-Metal Complexes Edward J. 0'Loughlin, David R. Burris, and Carrie A. Delcomyn Ni- and Cu-humic complexes are able to mediate the reductive dechlorination of trichloroethene to ethene using Ti(III)citrate as the bulk e~ donor.
Sa V. Ho, Christopher Athmer, P. Wayne Sheridan, B. Mason Hughes, Robert Orth, David McKenzie, Philip H. Brodsky, Andrew M. Shapiro, Timothy M. Sivavec, Joseph Salvo, Dale Schultz, Richard Landis, Ron Griffith, and Steve Shoemaker
A full-scale field test of the Lasagna process was successfully conducted at a DOE trichloroethylene-contaminated site in Paducah, Kentucky.
Additions and Corrections
1100
1148
Use of Bioaugmentation To Stimulate Complete Reductive Dechlorination of Trichloroethene in Dover Soil Columns
2,6-Dibromobiphenyl Primes Extensive Dechlorination of Aroclor 1260 in Contaminated Sediment at 8-30 °C by Stimulating Growth of PCB-Dehalogenating Microorganisms
Mark R. Harkness, Angelo A. Bracco, Michael J. Brennan, Jr., Kim A. DeWeerd, and James L Spivack
Bioaugmentation is used to stimulate the complete reductive dechlorination of TCE to ethene in Dover soil columns.
Q. Wu, D. L. Bedard, and J. Wiegel
• 1110 Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash: Characterization and Kinetic Studies of Organic Matter S. Dugenest, J. Combrisson, H. Casabianca, and M. F. Grenier-Loustalot The study of bottom ash aging conducted in model laboratory conditions, and in industrial conditions, demonstrates the natural biodegradation of the available organic matter.
1 4 4 A • APRIL 1, 1999 / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / NEWS
• Supporting Information is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.
