Retention, Uptake, and Translocation of Agrochemicals in Plants

Subject Index

Downloaded by 80.82.77.83 on May 2, 2017 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date (Web): October 15, 2014 | doi: 10.1021/bk-2014-1171.ix002

A Absorption and penetration of herbicides viewed in metabolism studies detection techniques, 164 distribution of imazamox, 163f herbicides metabolism, 162 resistant wheat lines, 160 concentration of herbicide, 161f techniques used to study metabolism, 163 wheat and weeds, 159

B Bioefficacy of glyphosate, 111 doubling concentration of glyphosate, 126f effect of glyphosate and L-77 concentration, 116 bioefficacy assessments, 116 chemicals, 114 plant material, 114 retention, uptake, and translocation experiments, 115 retention, uptake, and translocation of glyphosate, applied to bean, 122t retention, uptake, and translocation of lyphosate, applied to barley, 120t statistical analysis, 116 modelling bioefficacy, 118 models to determine bioefficacy effect of glyphosate and L-77 concentration on bioefficacy, 128 mean retention, uptake and translocation (μg cm-2) and spearman correlation coefficients, 130t multiplier effect of L-77 at 0.1% concentration on bioefficacy, 129f regression model describing bioefficacy score, 128t, 133t, 135t regression model describing plant dry weight, 128t, 132t, 134t relative influence of uptake, retention, and translocation on bioefficacy, 129 glyphosate and L-77 concentrations, 131t

multiplier effect of L-77 at 0.1% concentration, 127f process-driven models, 113 regression model describing retention, 125t regression model describing translocation, 126t regression model describing uptake, 125t

C Co-penetration of actives and adjuvants, 23 coleoptile and hypocotyl versus mature leaves, 31 different plant organs, different pathways, 31 foliar penetration, affected by interactions of adjuvants and other inerts in deposit, 30 foliar penetration proceeds from deposit, 25 hypocotyl and coleoptile, pore-like opening, 35 lipophilic actives, 34 penetration of flubendiamide, 33f penetration of methylglucose effect of 1 g/l genapol C100, C200 and C8-10 alkylglucosid, 28f effect of 2 g/l genapol C100 with or without addition of 1 g/l CaCl2, 29f polar or hydrophilic pathways, 34 self-penetration of surfactants, 27 time course of self-penetration across leaf cuticles of pear, 27f spray deposit on leaf cuticle, 26f staining techniques, 34 time course of penetration of imidacloprid, 32f time course of self penetration of C12E8, 31f waxes, 35

E Ermesse© model predicted and actual xenobiotic translocation, comparison, 61t predicting xenobiotic uptake and translocation

221 Myung et al.; Retention, Uptake, and Translocation of Agrochemicals in Plants ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2014.


absorption as affected by molar volume and partition coefficient, 62 absorption of difenzoquat, 60t as affected by partition coefficient, acid dissociation constant and molar volume, 68 correlation between molar volume (mv) and partition coefficient, 63f environmental parameters, 55 hydrophilic xenobiotic, predictions of absorption, 64t intermediate xenobiotic, predictions of absorption, 65t model prediction of xenobiotic and actual translocation, comparison, 60 model prediction of xenobiotic and actual uptake, comparison, 58 physicochemical parameters requirements for a xenobiotic, 69f physicochemical properties of xenobiotic, 54t plant parameters, 53 predicted and actual xenobiotic absorption, comparison, 58t relationship between physicochemical properties, 57 simulations, 55 surfactant physicochemical property and environmental conditions used, 56t xenobiotic parameters, 53 xenobiotic foliar absorption, hypothetical physicochemical properties, 62f

F Foliar-applied xenobiotics, modeling uptake plant cuticle, 43 cuticle penetration, 44 modeling xenobiotic penetration, 45 Foliar-applied xenoiotics in plants, modeling translocation long-distance transport in phloem mobility in phloem, 48 phloem anatomy, 47 phloem loading, 48 phloem unloading, 49 modeling phloem translocation of xenobiotics, 49 factors, 51 pathway of xenobiotic transport, 52f

permeability, 51 short-distance transport into mesophyll symplast, 46 Fungicide mobility and influence of physical properties, 95 biological activity as indicator of redistribution, 98 compound concentration, quantitative analysis, 100 cuticular penetration, 102 effects of adjuvants on redistribution, 102 effects of physical properties on redistribution, 102 local redistribution, 97 measurement of redistribution, 98 measuring redistribution, use of radiolabels, 101 physical properties and redistribution, 103 long-distance redistribution, 105 translaminar and local redistribution, 103 surface redistribution, 97 systemicity/redistribution, types, 96 translaminar redistribution, 96

H Herbicide resistance in weeds, 141 herbicide movement, restriction, 143 long and winding road of herbicides foliar and root herbicide absorption, 144 herbicide translocation, 146 mechanisms of glyphosate uptake, 152 mechanisms of resistance based on restriction of herbicide movement, 147 herbicide resistance to glyphosate, 151 herbicide resistance to paraquat, 148 vacuolar glyphosate sequestration, 153 zwitter-ionic nature, 152

I Insecticides versus herbicides, comparison of translocation properties, 75 application of commercial 14C-pesticides and phosphor imaging, 79 Arylex™ active, 83



Arylex™ active (halauxifen-methyl) and halauxifen (acid) herbicides, physical properties, 83t 14C-labeled Arylex™ active, application, 82 14C-labeled Isoclast™ active, application, 82 commercial herbicides 4 days after foliar application, 87f commercial herbicides 4 days after stem application, 88f commercial insecticides 4 days after foliar leaf application, 84f commercial insecticides 4 days after root or stem application, 85f commercial xylem and phloem mobile herbicides, physical properties, 81t commercial xylem mobile insecticides, physical properties, 80t herbicides, 79, 86 insecticides, 79, 83 Isoclast™ active insecticide, physical properties, 82t local diffusion, phloem and xylem flow patterns in a plant, 77f pesticide application to stem, leaf and root, 78f phosphor imaging, 79 plant material, 78 plant translocation of Arylex™, 89f plant translocation of Isoclast™ active, 85f

M Modeling xenobiotic uptake and movement, 41 Movement of xenobiotics in phloem, 50

P Pharmaceutical and hormone contaminants in vegetables accumulation of PPCPs and hormones, 179 BAF values of PPCPs and hormones in lettuce and tomatoes, 179t concentrations of PPCP and hormone contaminants leaves and roots of lettuce, 176f roots, stems, leaves, and fruits of tomatoes, 177f extraction method, optimization, 173

materials and methods chemicals and materials, 169 hydroponic experiment, 171 instrumental analysis and optimization, 172 sample preparation and extraction, 171 method validation, 174 physico-chemical properties of target compounds, 170t PPCP and hormone uptake and accumulation in lettuce, 175 PPCP and hormone uptake and accumulation in tomatoes, 177 PPCPs and hormones in vegetables, translocation and bioaccumulation, 178 recoveries of PPCPs and hormones, effect of extraction solvents, 174f target compounds, recoveries and method LODs, 175t TF values of PPCPs and hormones, 179t uptake, translocation, and accumulation, 167

R Rice pest management biological activities of seed treatments on RWW life stages, 187 activity of TMX and CAP on RWW life stages as affected by insecticide distribution, 197 adult rice water weevil mortality and feeding activity on foliage of plants, 188t densities of eggs and first instars, 193f dose responses of mortality and feeding activity in adult RWWs, 190f effects of plant stage on adult mortality from TMX seed treatment, 191f impact of different CAP exposure regimes, 195f impact of exposure regimes to TMX, 196f impact of seed treatment with CAP on life stages of RWW, 198f impact of seed treatment with TMX on life stages of rice water weevil, 199f impact of seed treatments on egg-laying and first instar survival of RWW, 192



crop protection products, major types of formulations, 18t dynamic surface tension profiles of pure water, 15f effect of physicochemical properties of spray solutions, 7 formulations of epoxiconazole versus Puccinia triticina, 19t formulations on epoxiconazole retention and uptake, 18f oil adjuvants, 16 plant surface characteristics and canopy structures development stage and canopy density, 5 impaction diameters for droplets, 5f outdoor-grown wheat plants, spray liquids retention rates, 6t plant cuticle and leaf wettability, 2 plant species, leaf surface characteristics, 3t retention of herbicide metsulfuron, 4f polymers and other adjuvants, 16 surfactants, 12

impacts on adult survival and foliar feeding, 188 lethal doses of TMX based on consumption of active ingredients in foliage, 189 plant growth-related dilution of adulticidal activity of TMX, 190 test toxicant-induced malaise hypothesis, exposure regime, 194t CAP seed treatment, 209 densities of RWW larvae and pupae in commercial rice fields, 187t differential activities of CAP, TMX and CLO seed treatments on FAW, 207 effects of CAP and TMX on other early and mid-season pests of rice, 206 residues in tissues of rice plants at 6-7 leaf stage rice plants, 200t sporadic pest, 207 use of insecticidal seed treatments, 186 use of systemic anthranilic diamide and neonicotinoid seed treatments, 183 weevil larval densities, 209 weevil life stages, seed treatments, 209 Rice water weevil (RWW), 184

U S Spray retention of crop protection agrochemicals, 1 active ingredients amount of fungicides extracted, 8t experimental and predicted fungicide retention rates on wheat, correlation, 9f experimental and predicted solubility, correlation, 10f physicochemical properties, QSAR analysis, 8 predicted and experimentally determined retention rates, correlation, 11f retention rates, experimental study, 7 retention rates of 17 fungicide compounds on wheat plants, 8f adjuvant, 11 effects on fluorescein retention, 13f effects on spray droplet volume median diameter, 14f

Use of seed treatments, pest management, 201 above- and below-ground tissues of rice plants, chlorantraniliprole concentrations, 206t densities of immature weevils on different cultivars, 203f integrated use of reduced rates of CAP, shallow flooding, and plant resistance, 202 larval densities of RWW on roots of rice plants sample, 205t persistence of CAP and TMX in roots and shoots of rice, 204

X Xenobiotic uptake and movement, 42


Retention, Uptake, and Translocation of Agrochemicals in Plants

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