Fungicide Chemistry Downloaded from pubs.acs.org by 79.110.19.160 on 04/07/19. For personal use only.
Author Index B e r g , D e i t e r , 25 B u c h e l , K a r l H., 1 C o l e , H e r b e r t , J r . , 127 Dekker, Johan, 107 F u h r , F r i t z , 53 Hoffmann, G. Μ., 117 J o n e s , A l a n L., 135 P e a r s o n , Roger C , 145 S c h e i n p f l u g , Hans, 73 Schwinn, F. J . , 89 S i s l e r , Hugh D., 157 U r e c h , P. Α., 89
Subject Index A
Acylalanines c o n t r o l o f grape f u n g a l d i s e a s e s , 153-154 c o n t r o l o f oomycetes, 91 h i s t o r y , 100 seed d r e s s i n g s , oomycetes, 96 A g r i c u l t u r e , western Europe, p e r c e n t a g e o f p o p u l a t i o n employed, 117 Alkylation, side chain, ergosterol b i o s y n t h e s i s , 29 Aluminum t r i s ( e t h y l ) p h o s p h o n a t e (phosetyl-Al), control o f plant d i s e a s e s caused by oomycetes, 110 Amino a c i d s , c o n t r o l o f f u n g a l d i s e a s e s , 108 Antibiotics commercial n o n f u n g i c i d a l compounds, c o n t r o l o f f u n g a l d i s e a s e s , 111 t r e e f r u i t c r o p s , 141 Antimycotics a c t i v i t y , development o f a z o l e derivative, 4 a z o l e and f u n g i c i d e s , f i r s t , 11f a z o l e f u n g i c i d e s , 15f E B I s , 30 A p o p l a s t i c movement, s y s t e m i c f u n g i c i d e s , 22 Apple crop d i s e a s e s , EBI f u n g i c i d e a c t i v i t y , 138 Apple scab ( V e n t u r i a i n a e q u a l i s ) f u n g i c i d a l a c t i v i t y , 135 i n f l u e n c e o f b i t e r t a n o l on p a t h o g e n e s i s , 79
167
Azoles b i o l o g i c a l a c t i v i t y and s t e r e o c h e m i s t r y , 14-22 chemistry, h i s t o r y , 1 c l a s s c h e m i c a l v a r i a b i l i t y , 12,15f compounds from o t h e r c l a s s e s , 14 derivatives biologically active, 3f development, 2-13 d i s t r i b u t i o n o f s t e r o l s i n P. o r y z a e after application, 38f f i r s t a n t i m y c o t i c s and f u n g i c i d e s , 11f f u n g i c i d e s and a n t i m y c o t i c s , 1 5 f Azolyl-0,N-acetals h i s t o r y o f development, 9 s t r u c t u r e , 13f
Β B a c t e r i a , v a r i o u s f u n g i , use i n c o n t r o l o f f u n g a l d i s e a s e s , 109 B a c t e r i a c i d e s , t r e e f r u i t c r o p s , 141 Barley average y i e l d i n w e s t e r n Europe, 119 f u n g a l d i s e a s e s and f u n g i c i d e s used f o r c o n t r o l , w e s t e r n Europe, 120 f u n g i c i d a l treatment, England, powdery mildew on s p r i n g , 122 l e a v e s , uptake and t r a n s p o r t o f t r i a d i m e f o n , 62
168
Barley—Continued s p r i n g , r e s i d u e s , uptake and t r a n s p o r t o f f l u o t r i m a z o l e , 67 wheat, e f f e c t on t h e p a t h o g e n e s i s o f E. g r a m i n i s , 74 B a y c o r , development, 12 Bavjeton C s t u d i e s o f uptake and t r a n s p o r t , 53-69 comparison w i t h s u l f u r , powdery mildew on g r a p e s , 149 c o n t r o l o f powdery mildew on g r a p e s , 151 development, 12 l o n g - t e r m r e s u l t s o f mildew c o n t r o l on w i n t e r wheat, 121 treatment germinated r u s t s p o r e , 81 h a u s t o r i a o f powdery mildew, 76 p u s t u l e o f E. g r a m i n i s , 80 B a y p i v a l , development, 12 Bavjjan C s t u d i e s o f uptake and t r a n s p o r t , 53-69 development, 12 l o n g - t e r m r e s u l t s o f mildew c o n t r o l on w i n t e r wheat, 121 Benomyl, use i n U. S. wheat p r o d u c t i o n , 131 Benzimidazoles, I n h i b i t o r s o f m i t o s i s , 26 Bifonazole c l o t r i m a z o l e , treatment o f C. a l b i c a n s , 43 development o f a z o l e d e r i v a t i v e s , 4 treatment o f t i n e a c o r p o r i s , 6 f , 7 f treatment o f t i n e a pedis, 8 f B i o c h e m i c a l mode o f a c t i o n o f f u n g i c i d e s , 25-50 B i o c h e m i c a l s p e c i f i c i t y , EBI f u n g i c i d e s , 157 Biosynthesis g i b b e r e l l i n s , a c t i v i t y o f a z o l e s , 14 s t e r o l s , d i s c u s s i o n , 27 Biosynthesis i n h i b i t o r s , ergosterol, b i o c h e m i c a l mode o f a c t i o n , 25-50 B i o t e c h n o l o g y , advances i n U. S. wheat p r o d u c t i o n t e c h n o l o g y , 133 B i o t i c agents c o n t r o l o f f u n g a l d i s e a s e s , 109 i n d u c t i o n o f d i s e a s e r e s i s t a n c e , 107 Bitertanol a c t i v i t y o f enantiomers, 20f development, 12 EBI compounds, 30 e f f e c t on p a t h o g e n e s i s o f v a r i o u s f u n g a l d i s e a s e s , 74,79 Black r o t (Guignardia b i d w e l l i i ) c o n t r o l by a c y l a l a n i n e , 153 c o n t r o l by EBI compounds, 148,150 f u n g a l d i s e a s e o f g r a p e s , 147
FUNGICIDE CHEMISTRY
Bunch r o t ( B o t r y t i s c i n e r e a ) , grape f u n g a l d i s e a s e s , 148
C
Candida a l b i c a n s distribution of sterol after t r e a t m e n t w i t h EBIs, 4 6 f treated with bifonazole or c l o t r i m a z o l e , 43 Carbamates, c o n t r o l o f oomycetes, 91 Carbocation hypothesis, h i s t o r y o f azole chemistry, 2 C a r b o n - 1 4 - l a b e l e d f u n g i c i d e s , uptake and t r a n s l o c a t i o n i n c e r e a l s , 53-69 C e l l w a l l f o r m a t i o n , b i o c h e m i c a l mode o f a c t i o n o f f u n g i c i d e s , 26 Cereals d i s e a s e c o n t r o l w i t h modern f u n g i c i d e s i n w e s t e r n Europe, 117 e y e s p o t , models f o r r i s k e s t i m a t i o n , 122 g r a i n r e s i d u e s , uptake and t r a n s p o r t o f f u n g i c i d e s , 64 seed d r e s s i n g w i t h t r i a d i m e n o l , uptake and d i s t r i b u t i o n , 56-61 uptake and t r a n s l o c a t i o n o f C - l a b e l e d f u n g i c i d e s , 53-69 C h o l e s t e r o l , s y n t h e s i s , 29 C l i m b a z o l e , development, 12 C l o t r i m a z o l e , development o f a z o l e derivatives, 4 C o l e o p t i l e s , uptake and t r a n s p o r t o f t r i a d i m e n o l , 57 Crops t a r g e t , oomycetes f u n g i c i d e s , 98 y i e l d i n c r e a s e , w e s t e r n Europe, 117 C u l t u r e f i l t r a t e s , v a r i o u s f u n g i and b a c t e r i a , c o n t r o l o f fungal d i s e a s e s , 109 Cyanoacetamide, c o n t r o l o f oomycetes, 91
D
Decarboxylation, ergosterol b i o s y n t h e s i s , 29 Demethylation, e r g o s t e r o l b i o s y n t h e s i s , 29 Dew f o r m a t i o n , e f f e c t on p e r s i s t e n c e o f f u n g i c i d e s on l e a v e s , 62 D i a s t e r e o m e r s and enantiomers o f t r i a d i m e n o l , 19f Dicarboximides c o n t r o l o f grape f u n g a l d i s e a s e s , 154
INDEX
169
F
Dicarboximides—Continued p o t e n t i a l role i n tree f r u i t c r o p s , 135 stone f r u i t f u n g a l d i s e a s e s , 140 D i c l o b u t r a z o l e , EBI compounds, 30 N - D i p h e n y l m e t h y l a z o l e s , development, 5 f Disease c o n t r o l c e r e a l s , France and Germany, 119 EBI f u n g i c i d e s , a p p l e crop d i s e a s e s , 138 f u n g i c i d e s f o r stone f r u i t , 139 Distribution f u n g i c i d e s i n p l a n t s , 158 r a d i o a c t i v i t y , uptake and d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t r i a d i m e n o l , 56 s t e r o l s i n u n t r e a t e d human pathogens, 4 4 f Dodine, scab fungus r e s i s t a n c e , 138 D r i l l p l a n t e r , wheat p r o d u c t i o n t e c h n o l o g y , minimum t i l l a g e , 128,129
Ε
E l i c i t o r s of phytoalexins,
control of
f u n g a l d i s e a s e s , 108 Enantiomers a c t i v i t y , b i t e r t a n o l , 20f azole, differences i n b i o l o g i c a l p r o p e r t i e s , 16 triadimenol d i a s t e r e o m e r s , 19f r o u t e , 19f t r i a p e n t h e n o l , 17f E n c a p s u l a t i o n , h a u s t o r i u m o f powdery mildew, a f t e r t r e a t m e n t w i t h Bayleton, 75,77,78 EPIPRE, p r o g n o s t i c model f o r c e r e a l d i s e a s e s , 122,125 Ergosterol biosynthesis d i s c u s s i o n , 29 strategies for i n h i b i t i o n , 31f Ergosterol biosynthesis i n h i b i t o r s (EBI) a f t e r - i n f e c t i o n c o n t r o l , 136 b i o c h e m i c a l mode o f a c t i o n , 25-50 b i o c h e m i c a l s p e c i f i c i t y , 157 development o f a z o l e d e r i v a t i v e s , 4 grape f u n g a l c o n t r o l , d i s c u s s i o n , 148 postsymptom t r e a t m e n t s , 138 p o t e n t i a l r o l e on t r e e f r u i t c r o p s , U. S., 135 stone f r u i t f u n g a l d i s e a s e s , 140 Erysiphe graminis e f f e c t on p a t h o g e n e s i s , v a r i o u s f u n g i c i d e s , 74 u n t r e a t e d p u s t u l e , 78 E t a c o n a z o l e , a p p l e scab, 137 E t h y l phosphonates, c o n t r o l oomycetes, 91
F a l l o w i n g , advances i n wheat p r o d u c t i o n t e c h n o l o g y , U. S., 129 F e n a r i m o l , E B I , 32 Fenpropimorph EBI, 32 sterol analysis after a p p l i c a t i o n , 39-43 F e r t i l i z e r responsiveness, fungicide e f f e c t i v e n e s s and y i e l d p o t e n t i a l , 132 F l e x i b i l i t y , EBI compounds f o r grape f u n g a l c o n t r o l , 151 Fluçtrimazole C s t u d i e s o f uptake and t r a n s p o r t , 54-69 E B I s , 30 pathways, 10f synthesis, 9 F o l i a r pathogens c l a s s oomycetes, 91 s p r e a d , c h e m i c a l f a l l o w , 129 F o l i a r s p r a y s , advances i n U. S. wheat p r o d u c t i o n t e c h n o l o g y , 131 F o s e t y l , mode o f a c t i o n , oomycetes, 97 F r u i t disease c o n t r o l , stone, f u n g i c i d e s , 139 F u m i g a t i o n and f u n g i c i d e s p r a y s , i n t e r a c t i o n s between, 132 F u n g a l c o n t r o l , summary and comments, 157-160 Fungal diseases a p p l e c r o p , e f f e c t o f EBIs, 136 c o n t r o l by n o n f u n g i c i d a l compounds, 107 Fungi b a c t e r i a , use i n c o n t r o l o f f u n g a l d i s e a s e s , 109 oomycetes, p r o g r e s s i n c h e m i c a l c o n t r o l , 89 p l a n t p a t h o g e n i c , 90 r u s t , e f f e c t o f modern f u n g i c i d e s on p a t h o g e n e s i s , 79 Fungicides advances, summary and comments, 157-160 a z o l e , and a n t i m y c o t i c s , 15f t ^ o c h e r a i c a l mode o f a c t i o n , 25-50 C - l a b e l e d , uptake and t r a n s l o c a t i o n i n c e r e a l s , 53-69 c o n t r o l o f c e r e a l d i s e a s e s , 117,120 c o n t r o l o f oomycetes, 94 c o s t , EBI grape f u n g a l c o n t r o l , 150 development o f a z o l e d e r i v a t i v e , 4 e f f e c t on p a t h o g e n e s i s o f p l a n t d i s e a s e s , 73 f i r s t a z o l e a n t i m y c o t i c s , 11f mean y i e l d i n c r e a s e , w i n t e r wheat, 121 mediated m o r p h o l o g i c a l and u l t r a s t r u c t u r a l changes o f f u n g i , 73
FUNGICIDE CHEMISTRY
170
Fungicides—Continued mode o f a c t i o n , oomycetes, 97 pioneer, s i g n i f i c a n c e , 1 r e s i s t a n c e development, d i s c u s s i o n , 111 stone f r u i t d i s e a s e c o n t r o l , 139 systemic a p o p l a s t i c movement, 22 development, 1 oomycetes, 96 wheat p r o d u c t i o n t e c h n o l o g y , 127,131 tree f r u i t crops p o t e n t i a l r o l e , 135 r o o t r o t , 141 use j u s t i f i c a t i o n , western Europe, 124 w o r l d market, 90
G
Gas chromatographic a n a l y s i s o f i s o l a t e d s t e r o l s , EBIs, 32-50 Germinated conidium, V. i n a e q u a l i s , a f t e r treatment w i t h f e n a r i m o l , 137 Germinated r u s t spore d e s c r i p t i o n , 80 wheat t r e a t e d w i t h B a y l e t o n , 81 G e r m i n a t i n g s p o r e , V. i n a e q u a l i s , b i t e r t a n o l - t r e a t e d l e a f , 83 G r a i n c e r e a l s , e f f e c t o f f u n g i c i d e on pathogenesis o f v a r i o u s P u c c i n i a s p e c i e s , 75 G r a i n y i e l d , advances U. S. wheat p r o d u c t i o n t e c h n o l o g y , 128 Gram-positive b a c t e r i a , a c t i v i t y o f a z o l e s , 14 Grape downy mildew, c o n t r o l by a c y l a l a n i n e s compounds, 153 Grape market, t a b l e , p e r c a p i t a consumption, 146 Grapes, advances i n development o f fungicides f o r disease c o n t r o l , 145-154 Growth r e g u l a t o r s c o n t r o l o f f u n g a l d i s e a s e s , 108 EBI compounds f o r grape f u n g a l c o n t r o l , 151 Guignardia b i d w e l l i i , fungal disease o f g r a p e s , b l a c k r o t , 147
Host p l a n t s , defense mechanisms a g a i n s t f u n g a l d i s e a s e s , 108 Human pathogens distribution of sterols i n untreated, 44f EBI b e h a v i o r , 43-50 Hymexazol, mode o f a c t i o n , oomycetes, 97
I
I m i d a z o l y l , EBIs, 3 3 f Inhibitors of mitosis, b e n z i m i d a z o l e s , 26 I n t e g r a t e d crop p r o d u c t i o n , d i s c u s s i o n , 119 I n t e g r a t e d pest management (IPM) programs, EBIs, grape f u n g a l d i s e a s e s , 153
Κ
K i n e t i n , c o n t r o l o f fungal d i s e a s e s , 108
L 14 Leaf, C s t u d i e s o f f u n g i c i d e uptake and t r a n s p o r t , 54-69 Lengthened spray i n t e r v a l s , grape f u n g a l c o n t r o l , EBIs, 149 L e s i o n s o f a p p l e scab, l e a f sprayed w i t h e t a c o n a z o l e , 137 Lilolidone, inhibition of c e l l wall f o r m a t i o n , 26 L o c a l s y s t e m i c a c t i o n , r e s i d u e s , uptake and t r a n s p o r t o f f l u o t r i m a z o l e , 67 L o c a l s y s t e m i c a c t i v i t y , E B I s , 148 Lombazole, development o f a z o l e derivatives, 4
M
M a c r o a u t o r a d i o g r a p h s , s p r i n g wheat H H a u s t o r i a o f powdery mildew e n c a p s u l a t i o n , a f t e r treatment B a y l e t o n , 76-78 u n t r e a t e d p l a n t , 76
with
plants, ^ C - l a b e l e d f u n g i c i d e s , 58f Mélanine b i o s y n t h e s i s i n h i b i t o r s , b i o c h e m i c a l mode o f a c t i o n o f f u n g i c i d e s , 26 Membrane l i p i d s b i o s y n t h e s i s , 26 i n h i b i t i o n by f u n g i c i d e s , 26
INDEX
171
Membrane s t a b i l i t y , e f f e c t o f s t e r o l 0 c o n t e n t and c o n f o r m a t i o n , 27 Metalaxyl development, 101 Oomycetes mode o f a c t i o n , oomycetes, 97 advances i n c h e m i c a l c o n t r o l , 89,158 Microautoradiographs ^ c h e m i c a l s f o r c o n t r o l , 94 b a r l e y , treatment with C-labeled c o n t r o l , p h o s e t y l - A l , 110 fungicides, 63f,65f,66f,68f fungicides s p r i n g wheat, t r e a t m e n t w i t h c h e m i s t r y , 92 C-labeled f u n g i c i d e s , 60f main u s e s , 98 w h e a t ^ g r a i n s , seed d r e s s i n g w i t h mode o f a c t i o n , 97 C-labeled fungicides, 59f s y s t e m i c i t y , 96 Mildew major p l a n t pathogens, 91 downy, P. v i t i c o l a c o n t r o l by a c y l a l a n i n e s compounds, 153 Ρ f u n g a l d i s e a s e o f g r a p e s , 147 powdery e f f e c t modern f u n g i c i d e s on Pathogen p a t h o g e n e s i s , 75 i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s , 132 e f f e c t i v e n e s s , EBI compounds, 148 oomycetes, 91 encased h a u s t o r i u m , a f t e r t r e a t m e n t spread, chemical f a l l o w i n g w i t h B a y l e t o n , 76-78 t e c h n i q u e s , 129 evolution o f fungicides f o r P a t h o g e n - s p e c i f i c r e a c t i o n , E B I s , 29 c o n t r o l , 130 Pathogenesis o f plant diseases, e f f e c t f u n g i , development o f a z o l e o f modern f u n g i c i d e s , 73 derivative, 2 P a t h o g e n i c f u n g i , p l a n t , 90 grape f u n g a l d i s e a s e , 147 P e n e t r a t i o n , f u n g i c i d e s i n p l a n t s , 158 h a u s t o r i a , u n t r e a t e d p l a n t , 76 P. l e u c o t r i c h a , a p p l e c r o p s , e f f e c t P e p t i d e , s y n t h e s i s i n h i b i t i o n by o f EBI f u n g i c i d e s , 139 f u n g i c i d e s , 25 spring barley, fungicidal P e r o c a r p , uptake and t r a n s p o r t o f t r e a t m e n t , 122 t r i a d i m e n o l , 57 U. n e c a t o r , f u n g a l d i s e a s e o f Peronosporales g r a p e s , 147 advances i n c h e m i c a l c o n t r o l , 158 Minimum t i l l a g e d r i l l p l a n t e r , U. S. p l a n t d i s e a s e s , 89 spectrum o f a c t i v i t y , v a r i o u s wheat p r o d u c t i o n t e c h n o l o g y , 129 f u n g i c i d e s , 95 M i t o s i s i n h i b i t o r s , b e n z i m i d a z o l e s , 26 Persulon, C s t u d i e s o f uptake and Mode o f a c t i o n , oomycetes f u n g i c i d e s , 97 t r a n s p o r t , 53-69 Morpholine, EBI, 32,33f Phenethylimidazoles, history of Morpholine d e r i v a t i v e s , s t e r o l a n a l y s i s development, 9 a f t e r a p p l i c a t i o n , 39-43 Phloem, C s t u d i e s o f f u n g i c i d e uptake M o r p h o l o g i c a l and u l t r a s t r u c t u r a l and t r a n s p o r t , 54-69 changes o f f u n g i , f u n g i c i d e Phytoalexins e l i c i t o r s , nonfungicidal mediated, 73 c o n t r o l o f f u n g a l d i s e a s e s , 108 Plant diseases control d i s c u s s i o n , 22 Ν n o n f u n g i c i d a l compounds, 107 p a t h o g e n e s i s , e f f e c t o f modern f u n g i c i d e s , 73 N o n f u n g i c i d a l compounds P l a n t pathogens, d i s c u s s i o n , 90,91 commercial compounds t h a t i n d u c e P l a n t i n g equipment, U. S. wheat p r o d u c t i o n t e c h n o l o g y , 128 r e s i s t a n c e , 110 Plasmopara v i t i c o l a (downy mildew) c o n t r o l o f fungal plant c o n t r o l by a c y l a l a n i n e s d i s e a s e s , 107,159 compounds, 153 reduction o f v i r u l e n c e , fungal f u n g a l d i s e a s e o f g r a p e s , 147 d i s e a s e s , 111 Podosphaera l e u c o t r i c h a (powdery N o n t a r g e t e f f e c t s , E B I s , grape f u n g a l m i l d e w ) , e f f e c t o f E B I s , 139 c o n t r o l , 151
FUNGICIDE CHEMISTRY
172
Polyoxines, i n h i b i t i o n of c e l l w a l l f o r m a t i o n , 26 P r e c i p i t a t i o n , e f f e c t on p e r s i s t e n c e o f f u n g i c i d e s on l e a v e s , 62 P r e d i c t i v e disease c o n t r o l , d e f i n i t i o n , 136 Procaine hydrochloride, c o n t r o l of fungal diseases, 109 Propamocarb, mode o f a c t i o n , oomycetes, 97 N - P r o p i n l a z o l e s , s y n t h e s i s , 11f Protective fungicides, l i m i t s , t r e a t m e n t o f oomycetes, 91 P r o t e i n b i o s y n t h e s i s , i n h i b i t i o n by f u n g i c i d e s , 25 P r o t h i o c a r b , mode o f a c t i o n , oomycetes, 97 Puccinia graminis, e f f e c t of fungicides on p a t h o g e n e s i s , 75 Puccinia recondita, e f f e c t of f u n g i c i d e s on p a t h o g e n e s i s , 75 Puccinia s t r i i f o r m i s , e f f e c t of f u n g i c i d e s on p a t h o g e n e s i s , 75 P u s t u l e o f E. g r a m i n i s a f t e r t r e a t m e n t w i t h B a y l e t o n , 80 u n t r e a t e d , 78 P y r i c u l a r i a oryzae, b i o s y n t h e t i c pathway o f e r g o s t e r o l , 3 7 f , 4 2 f Pyrimidine d i s t r i b u t i o n o f s t e r o l s i n P. o r y z a e a f t e r a p p l i c a t i o n , 38f EBI, 3 2 , 3 3 f
S
Scab, a p p l e c r o p s , e f f e c t o f EBI f u n g i c i d e s , 139 Scab fungus, r e s i s t a n c e to d o d i n e , 138 Seed d r e s s i n g , c e r e a l , t r i a d i m e n o l , uptake and d i s t r i b u t i o n , 56-61 Seed t r e a t m e n t , wheat p r o d u c t i o n t e c h n o l o g y , 131 S i b u t o l , development, 12 Side chain a l k y l a t i o n , e r g o s t e r o l b i o s y n t h e s i s , 29 S p r i n g b a r l e y , r e s i d u e s , uptake and t r a n s p o r t o f f l u o t r i m a z o l e , 67 Sterols b i o s y n t h e t i c pathway, f u n g i c i d e activities, 157 d i s t r i b u t i o n i n u n t r e a t e d human pathogens, 44f f u n c t i o n i n membranes, d i s c u s s i o n , 27 Stone f r u i t d i s e a s e c o n t r o l , f u n g i c i d e s for, 139 S t u b b l e mulch f a l l o w i n g , advances i n wheat p r o d u c t i o n t e c h n o l o g y , 129 S u l f u r and B a y l e t o n , comparison, powdery mildew, 149 S y s t e m i c pathogens, c l a s s oomycetes, 91 S y s t e m i c i t y , oomycetes f u n g i c i d e s , 96
Τ
R
Resistance development, f u n g i c i d e , discussion, 111 f u n g i c i d e , stone f r u i t d i s e a s e s , 140 induction, fungal plant d i s e a s e s , 108-111 p o t e n t i a l , EBIs f o r grape f u n g a l c o n t r o l , 150 prob^jjms, EBI f u n g i c i d e s , 138 Root, C s t u d i e s o f f u n g i c i d e uptake and t r a n s p o r t , 54-69 crown pathogens, c l a s s oomycetes, 91 Root r o t f u n g i c i d e s , t r e e f r u i t c r o p s , 141 Rust f u n g i a p p l e c r o p s , e f f e c t o f EBI f u n g i c i d e s , 139 e f f e c t o f modern f u n g i c i d e s on p a t h o g e n e s i s , 79 germinated s p o r e , 80
T a b l e grape market, per c a p i t a consumption, 146 T i n e a c o r p o r i s , treatment w i t h bifonazole, 6f,7f Tinea pedis, treatment with bifonazole, 8f Torulopsis glabrata, d i s t r i b u t i o n of s t e r o l a f t e r treatment w i t h E B I s , 47f Translocation C-labeled fungicides i n c e r e a l s , 53-69 f u n g i c i d e s i n p l a n t s , 158 Tree f r u i t c r o p s , p o t e n t i a l r o l e o f f u n g i c i d e s , 135 Triadimefon C s t u d i e s o f uptake and t r a n s p o r t , 54-69 development, 12 E B I s , 30 e f f e c t on the p a t h o g e n e s i s o f s e v e r a l f u n g a l d i s e a s e s , 74 pathways, 13 f use i n wheat p r o d u c t i o n , 131
INDEX
173
Triadimenol C s t u d i e s o f uptake and t r a n s p o r t , 54-69 development, 12 e f f e c t on the p a t h o g e n e s i s o f s e v e r a l f u n g a l d i s e a s e s , 74 pathways, 13f s t e r o l a n a l y s i s a f t e r a p p l i c a t i o n , 32 use i n wheat p r o d u c t i o n , 131 Triapenthenol e n a n t i o m e r s , 17f p l a n t growth r e g u l a t i n g a c t i v i t y , I 8 f T r i a r i r a o l , E B I , 32 T r i a x o l e f u n g i c i d e s , e f f e c t on w i n t e r wheat p r o d u c t i o n , Germany, 121 T r i a z o l e d e r i v a t i v e s , E B I s , 30 T r i a z o l y l , EBIs, 3 1 f T r i c h o p h y t o n mentagrophytes, i n h i b i t i o n o f microsomal HMG-CoA-reductase, 4 9 f T r i c h o p h y t o n rubrum, d i s t r i b u t i o n o f s t e r o l a f t e r treatment w i t h EBIs, 48f Tricycloazole commercial n o n f u n g i c i d a l compounds, c o n t r o l o f f u n g a l d i s e a s e s , 111 i n h i b i t i o n o f c e l l w a l l f o r m a t i o n , 26 Tridemorph E B I s , 32 sterol analysis after a p p l i c a t i o n , 39-43 T r i t y l group, s y n t h e s i s o f a z o l e derivative, 9 N-Tritylazoles development, 5 f d i p h e n y l m e t h y l a z o l e s , development, 2 v a r i a b i l i t y , 5f N - T r i t y l i m i d a z o l e s , r o u t e s , 10f
U
U l t r a s t r u c t u r a l changes o f f u n g i , f u n g i c i d e mediated, 73 U n c i n u l a n e c a t o r , powdery mildew, f u n g a l d i s e a s e o f g r a p e g , 147 Uptake and t r a n s l o c a t i o n , C-labeled f u n g i c i d e s i n c e r e a l s , 53-69 Uptake o f t r i a d i m e f o n , v i a t h e l e a v e s , 61-64
V V a l i d a m y c i n A, n o n f u n g i c i d a l c o n t r o l o f f u n g a l d i s e a s e s , 111 Vapor a c t i v i t y , EBI compounds, 149 V e n t u r i a i n a e q u a l i s ( a p p l e scab) development i n an u n t r e a t e d l e a f , 83 EBI f u n g i c i d a l a c t i v i t y , 135-138 germinated c o n i d i u m a f t e r t r e a t m e n t w i t h f e n a r i m o l , 137 germinating spore, b i t e r t a n o l - t r e a t e d l e a f , 83 i n f l u e n c e o f b i t e r t a n o l on the p a t h o g e n e s i s , 79 N-Vinylazoles, discussion, I8f Virulence reduction, nonfungicidal c o n t r o l o f f u n g a l d i s e a s e s , 111
W Wheat average y i e l d i n western Europe, 119 c r o p d i s e a s e s caused by minimum t i l l a g e and c h e m i c a l f a l l o w systems, 130 f u n g a l d i s e a s e s and f u n g i c i d e s used f o r c o n t r o l , western Europe, 120 l o n g - t e r m r e s u l t s o f mildew c o n t r o l , 121 macroautoradiograp^jj a f t e r seed dressing with C-labeled fungicides, 58f mean y i e l d i n c r e a s e s o f w i n t e r wheat p r o d u c t i o n , F r a n c e , 121 microautoradiographs a f t e r treatment with C-labeled f u n g i c i d e s , 60f p r i c e , e f f e c t on wheat p r o d u c t i o n t e c h n o l o g y , 127 p r o d u c t i o n technology advances i n e a s t e r n U. S., 127 Wine consumption and p r o d u c t i o n , v a r i o u s c o u n t r i e s , 146 Wine i n d u s t r y , l o n g - t e r m o u t l o o k , 146 Wine p r o d u c i n g c o u n t r i e s , 145 World f u n g i c i d e market, 90
Y Y i e l d p o t e n t i a l and f e r t i l i z e r r e s p o n s i v e n e s s , impact on f u n g i c i d e e f f e c t i v e n e s s , 132
