•
timing the correction of outmoded but serviceable equipment. In the same manner, operational variations should remain a matter of discretion, each inspector deciding a case on its merits. Greenburg also emphasized the importance of career personnel in local enforcement. He expressed definite opposition to air pollution control by elected boards who may be subject to pressures not conducive to the sound solution of technical problems. Chief smoke inspector for Cincinnati, Charles W. Gruber, says there is a continuing need for definitions of air pollution terminology—especially in regard to standards of emission. One study is under way by an ASTM group which should help. Gruber also indicated that local ordinances should make provision for enforcement of equipment standards, operating rules and regulations, construction permits, sales reports, and installation inspections. The ordinance, h e says, should usually define rights of entrance, inspection, arrest, and prosecution. It should also define specifically the penalties for violations. Nevertheless, standards of emission, says Gruber, might b e called the backbone of air pollution legislation. These must b e worked out in detail by eacii community because the specifications vary for each locality. PHS says it will hold at least four more symposia before t h e fiscal year is out. On Feb 6—17 and again on April 9-13 the problems of air pollution sampling and its analytical procedures will b e discussed in detail. O n March 2 0 - 2 1 another symposium much like this first meeting of smog men will be
GOVERNMENT
Smog Men Gather at Cincinnati S t a t e a n d local officiais new t o air pollution control g e t help on their programs f r o m PHS symposium X HE ATTACK on air pollution took its first step toward being organized on a nationwide basis recently. At the close of last month, 120 smog men from 3 2 states gathered at the Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cin cinnati, Ohio, upon invitation from the U . S. Public Health Service. Main objective of the smog seminar was to study t h e impact of the new Air Pollution Act (P. L. 159) just passed b y Congress this year. Particular emphasis was placed on outlining the respective roles of the federal govern m e n t and the state and local agencies i-r» r»fn*rvirirr Ο l i t t h e
r
TOVisionS θ£
the
law. T h e m e n who gathered for this conclave were principally air pollution control officials. "Considering the importance of the air pollution problem in relation to public health, it is surprising that such a meeting h a d never been called be fore," said one PHS official. For its" part, PHS endeavored to acquaint local and state officials with t h e administrative aspects they can ex pect to encounter by covering such things as size of staff and equipment needed, budget, and the like. Many local governments found such informa tion very valuable because they are just getting into the field and lack the needed training and information. The new air pollution law specifically authorizes t h e Department of Health, Education, a n d Welfare, and especially P H S , to do research and work out co operative programs with state and local governments. Congress earmarked a certain a m o u n t of the funds granted this year for air pollution control to be used on cooperative programs. During the present fiscal year Con gress allotted a total of $1,750,000 to finance the entire new program, says Arthur C. Stern, chief of the program at the center. Much of the money is specified for research grants: about $435,000 for direct research, $50,000 for contract research, $40,000 for train ing, and $400,000 for allocation to other government agencies. • Original Research N e e d e d . There has been an over-emphasis on literature research in many goverment agencies, believes Leslie A. Chambers, research 4408
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17,
1955
director at the center. He is currently calling for a broadening of the entire base of original research that is ad ministered under the program. He emphasizes that there is an urgent need for more basic data such as are being sought now in the National Air Sam pling Network and in Haagen-Smit's experiments on atmospheric photo chemistry. ^Legislation a n d Industry, Many states and communities still need en abling legislation for air pollution con trol. Many groups are now at work on such legislation. Then a typical opera^ins vievvrjQint. once such législation is passed, needs to be established. One such viewpoint was described b y Leonard Greenburg, air pollution commissioner for New York City. Once enabling legislation is passed, the actual job of bringing about effective air sanitation is up to t h e responsible air pollution official, h e says. I n some instances, he recommends that quick correction (perhaps in 24 hours) be required in cases of faulty operation of adequate equipment. On the other hand, leniency may b e important in
Certificates of Necessity Certificates of necessity for 73 new facilities amounting to $337,941,790 were granted by the Office of Defense Mobilization during the period July 14 through Sept. 2,1. Emphasis by O D M during this period was partially focused on titanium processing and research facilities, all of which a r e shown below with other items of chemical interest. Certificate grand total now stands at $31,178,631,000 for 20,130 facilities at an average of 6 0 % allowable for rapid tax amortization. NAME OF LOCATION
COMPANY AND OF FACILITIES
Inspiration Copper Inspiration, Ariz. Warren Petroleum Conroe, Tex. Perry Plastics Erie County, Pa. Allegheny Ludlum Steel Brackenridge, Pa. Applied Science of Princeton Princeton Junction, N. J. Diamond Alkali Cleveland, Ohio Dow Chemical Midland, Mich. Allegheny Lixdlum Steel Brackenridge, Pa., Watervliet, Ν. Υ., and Dunkirk, NT. Y. Pheoll Manufacturing Chicago, 111. Uranium Reduction Moah>, Utah
PRODUCT
on
SERVICE
AMOUNT CERTIFIED
PERCENTAGE ALLOWED
$ 3,609,000
75
Methanol
509,146
45
Ordnance
165,000
55
Research a n d development
189,000
65
Research a n d development
85,000
45
Research a n d development
80,000
40
Research a n d development
1,044,800
40
Titanium processing
380,623 1,590,000 307,000 397,000 129,640
65 75 65 65 65
10,000,000
80
Copper ore
Titanium aircraft rivets Uranium processing
held. Finally, on May 1 5 - 1 7 , there will be a discussion of meteorology.
New Chemical Goals The entire mobilization plan has been under intensive scrutiny by the Office o f Defense Mobilization in the last ten months. ODM now has a good idea w h e r e it stands and what changes must b e made in its over-all program in t h e light of new technology. Some of these changes are reflected in ODM's move this week to reopen 11 expansion goals, close 25 others. Among t h e reopened goals, five are chemical in nature. These include: • Domestic petroleum refining capacity is to be increased to 9 million barrels per day b y Jan. 1, 1957. • T a r g e t date for battery and chemical grade m a n g a n e s e is extended to Dec. 3 1 , 1955. • Domestic production of synthetic glycerol is increased to 185 million pounds annual capacity with all certificates of necessitv for it filed bv June 30, 1956. • Chemical grade chromite is set at 22ô,0GO long tons annua! production with a target date of Dec. 3 1 , 1956. • Rutile goal is raised to 35,000 tons with a target date of Dec. 3 1 , 1955. Five other goals already on the open list also were revised: • Alkylate goal is raised to 55,000 bbls. p e r day by Jan. 1 , 1957. • Research and development laboratory expansion goal is limited to labs with defense contracts. Construction must b e completed b y Dec. 3 1 , 1956. • Mercury t a r g e t date is advanced to Dec. 3 1 , 1957. • Selenium goal is limited to primary domestic sources with new target date of June 30, 1 9 5 8 . • C o p p e r target date is extended to Dec. 3 1 , 1955.
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Postscripts
• Nev^ series o f a t o m tests begins this week at the AEC's proving g r o u n d in Nevada. New tests follow o n the heels of announcement that Soviet nuclear explosions have been detected. Small nuclear devices will be set off during t h e N e v a d a series, which will continue into N o v e m b e r . • List of m a j o r defense contract o r s issued by the Department of Defense is misleading, charges t h e Senate Preparedness Subcommittee. New m e t h o d of compiling statistics makes 100 top contractors "impossible" t o determine according to t h e group.
T h e properties of PICCOUMARON R e s i n s include: C O M P A T I B I L I T Y with most «other PENNSYLVANIA INDUSTRIAL resins, waxes, coal t a r residues, oils, r u b b e r • : ΐ ί: 7;ν.; ; ^ΕΜίρΑΙ-ωΗΡ.->' and other materials; S O L U B I L I T Y i n coal C l a i r t o n , Pennsylvania _,• tar, turpentine and terpene solvents; R E Plants at: C l a i r t o n , Pd. ; W e s t Elizabeth; Pa.; SISTANCE to most acids, alkalies, salts. Available in ten melting points, from a l i q u i d .'. - Jf'· a n a Chester, Pd; :'..'/";' to a hard brittle solid. Colors from rpale District Sales Offices; N e w York, Ghicd go t yellow t o dark reddish brown. Pfuladeiphia, rittsburgh, D e t r o i t - ^ - ^ Send for complete data and samplesOCT.
17,
1955
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