Ion-Selective Electrode Methodology, VOlS. I & I1
cussion of the important industrial applications of these compounds. This hook succeeds in addressing this deficiency. The contents are based on lectures presented a t a Society of Chemical Industry (SCI) symposi7wn a t the University of Birmingham, England, in April 1978. The first chapter, by J. C. Tatlow, the SCI Jubilee Lecturer, provides a good broad-brush review of synthetic aspects of organofluorine chemistry. While far from thorough, the discussion offers a well-halaneedintroduction to the field. In the remaining eleven chapters, recognized experts survey virtually all industrial applications of fluorine-containing compounds. In Chapter 2. A. K. Barbour gives an excellent overview of the industrial methodology of fluorine chemistry. A thorough and valuable discussion of ehlorofluorocarbons (CFC,) is provided in the next three chapters. B. D. Joyner (Chapter 3) offers a good general analysis of production, properties, applications, and handling of these important compounds. In Chapters 4 and 5, R. J. Hodson explores the operation of aerosol systems and the use of CFC,as propellants, and C. R. Patrick gives a masterful, technical discussion of the effects of CFC, an ozone in the stratosphere. R. Filler (Chapter 6) provides a comprehensive survey of fluorine-containing drugs, with special emphasis on recent developments in anti-inflammatory drug therapy (both steroid and non-steroid) and central nervous system agents. W. G. M. Jones Chapter prcsmtr n n. t,c r r l l nritwn dt\cuashm as inhdatlon a n n e > r h ~ ri ~ n d~ itht tlrr,t ..r fluorine substitution in relation to anaesthetic properties. The significant role of fluarine in pesticides in reviewed effectively by G. T. Newbold in Chapter 8. A fairly thorough coverage of reactive dyes containirig fluorine isoffered by W. Harmsin Chapter 9, while G.Wolfrum (Chapter 10) gives a very cursory review of other dyes containing the CFsgroup. Most of the information in these two chapters, which should have been merged, come from the patent literature. H. C. Fielding presents an interesting and useful survey of organofluorine surfactants and textile chemicals in Chapter 11. The final chapter by R. F. Anderson and J. 0. Punderson is a very good overview of high molecular weight organofluorine polymers and copolymers based on tetrafluoroethylene. Regrettably, the editor was unable to obtain an article on fluoroelastomers. The text is well illustrated by structural formulas, equations, diagrams, and tables. Products are uniformly referred to by both trade names and common names. A comprehensive index adds to the value of the book. Industrial and academic workers involved with organofluorine chemicals will want to have this informative book readily available. Due to the wide applications and unusual chemistry of these materials, the book should also havegeneral appeal to other chemists not currently interested in this field.
Arthur K. Covington, (Editor), CRC Press. Boca Raton. Florida, 1980. Volume 1: 257 pp. Figs. and tables. 26 X 18 cm. $59.95. Volume 11: 129 pp. Figs. and tables. 26 X 18 cm. $42.95.
This two-volume series is an outgrowthof the editor's previous review (Crif. Reu. Anal. Chem., 1973.3 (4), 355406). The subject of ion-selective electrodes has been divided among experts who have written essentially independent chapters in each volume. The editor has made an attempt to bring terminology and symbols in the field to a common basis. The nine chapters in Volume I include "Introduction: Basic Electrode Types, Classification, and Selectivity Considerations" (A. K. Covington), "Instrumentation for lonSelective Electrodes" (P. R. Burton), "Practical Techniques for Ion-Selective Electrodes" (R. J. Simpson), "pX standards" (A. K. Covington), "Glass Electrodes" (A. K. Covington), "Liquid Ion Exchange Types" (A. K. Covingtan and P. Davison), "Polyvinyl Chloride Matrix Membrane Ion-Selective Electrodes" (G. J. Moody and J. D. R. Thomas), "Heterogeneous Membrane, Carbon Support, and Coated Wire, Ion-Selective Electrodes" R. W. Cattrall), "Crystalline and Pressed Powder Solid Membrane Electrodes" (R. P. Buck). Volume II containsartides on "Gas-Sensing Probes" (M. Riley), "Enzyme Electn,desn (P. Vadgama), "IonSelective Electrodes in Medicine and Medical Research" (D.M. Band and T. Treasure), and "Analvtical Methods Involvine Ion-Selective
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ROBERTFILLER Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago. IL 60616 A30 1 Journal of Chemical Education
able as a source of information for researchers. JJL
Techniques and Applications of Fast Reactions in Solution W. J. Gettins, and E. WynJones. (Editors), D. Reidel, Dordrecht. Holland. 1979. xi 608 pp. Figs. and tables. 24.5 X 16.5 cm.
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$57.90.
A detailed understanding of chemical reaction mechanisms most usually arises out of experimental studies of the kinetic behavior of the processes under different prevailing conditions. In this way reaction intermediates are recognized and characterized. A large body of the chemical changes which are especially interesting occur by way of intermediate stages of extremely short duration and investigators require techniques for following thecourseof fast reaction. Thanks to the ingenuity and dedication of the students of this area of chemical kinetics over recent years, physical techniques are now available for following processes which have half-times of lo-" s a n d less. This volume is the ~ublishedoroeeedings of a NATO Advanced ~ t u d, lnr&ute v ~~~~~-~ held 7" Seplemher 1978 to review the progrrrs in Chemical Relaxat~onSpcctrumetry and other fast reaction methods. The book is a eolleetion of 84 presented papers on the diverse branches of the subject matter. Many of the papers are concerned with theory and techniques (some new); a large number of the oaoers . . deal with aoolications to current problemsinehemistr) and tmrrhem~stry.'l'ht latter include nppllratiun, I" metal wmplt-x chemistry,enzsme kinetics.electrontraniirr and proton transfer, micelle phenomena, dye-substrate interactions, polymer science, and so on. Some entries are review type; others describe current research. Many of the contributions make very worthwhile reading and represent significant contributions to the literature on fast reaction kinetics. In prefatory statements the editors maintain that "this volume reflecta the current state of the art of fast reactions in solution." The same statement occurs in the publisher's announcement. This claim is misleading: more than 50% of the reports concern relaxation and flow methods (theorv. . .. teehnioues.. and applications). This percentage contrasts with less than 10% devoted to flash photolysis and pulse radiolysis methods taken together. This organization results in there being little exposure of the wealth of material concerning the chemistry ofexcited molecular states, free radicals, and radical ions in solution. This emphasis on chemical relaxation follows directly from the emphasis a t the NATO Institute and would cause no concern if the title of the book and the promotional remarks gave a prospective buyer a more accurate description of the subject matter. ~
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Topics in Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy George C. Levy, (Editor). Florida State University. John Wiley and Sons. Inc., New Jersey. 1979. vii 397 pp. Figs. and tables. 23 X 16 cm. $35.00.
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This addition to an excellent series starts with a unique chapter on experimental techniques in 'W NMR spectroscopy. The practical information found in this first chapter is largely unavailable elsewhere. Included in this chapter are discussions of spin-decoupling methods, sensitivity optimization, microsamples, macrosamples, software overview, tm-dimensional FT,and variable temperature NMR. The other chapters deal with spin relaxation, heterocycles, high resolution spectra of solid polymers, biological applications of high-power double-resonance and CIDNP. Every topic in thls \ d u m e ic timely and well written and should Ire required reading fur rvrry seriousstudent uf "C NMR.
M. A. J. RODGERS Center lor Fast Kinetics Research Univer~ityof Texas at Austin Austin. TX 78712 Solution Chemistry VOlS. 1 (1 2
of
Surfactants:
K. L. Miftal, (Editor) Plenum Press, New York, 1979. v 515 pp. Figs. and tables. 26 X 17 cm. (Vol. 1)$45.00. (Vol. 2) v 961 pp. $39.50.
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BEN A. SHOULDERS The Universlly of Texas at Austin
Austin. TX 78712
This two-volume text consists of the pro(Continued on page A32)
chromatographic and extraction teehniques. A further general contribution discusses the solution properties of nonionic surfactants of the polyoxyethylenevariety and their interactions with various phospholipids. An overview of commercial surfaetants is also provided and covers both household and industrial applications. Experimental methods for determining both thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of micellization are discussed and the theoretical treatments of the data are included, including recently developed theories. Model calculations for the standard free enerev of transfer of an amohiohilic monomer from the
ceedings of the 52nd Colloid and Surface Science Symposium of the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistrv of the American
style from one author to another the presentation is clear and free from major errors. The information presented in these volumes will be very valuahle for the scientist or engineer who is active in the area of surfactant chemistry as it provides an up-to-date and comprehensive review of this subject with contributions from leading researchers. For the few college courses on surface or colloid chemistry this two volume text would serve as an excellent reference source. The subject matter covers two broad areas of surfactant chemistry, namely aggregation ~henomenaand adsorotion a t interfaces with emohasls on both theoretical nnd nrnctical r ~ ~ ~ . aspects. Some of the contributed papers are overview in nature while others are original research papers. The two volumes contain a total of forty-nine contributions covering a diversified range of topics including thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of surfactants t o micellization in aqueous media and aggregation in nonaqueous media with attention devoted to solvent effects on micelle formation. Biological surfaetants are discussed in some detail as is micellar catalysis and inhibition. One of the appealing features of the texts is the attention given to the practical applications of surfactant chemistry such as the use of micellar systems in analytical chemistry, mieroemul~ions,tertiary oil recovery, surfactant flooding, liquid crystals, phase stability, surface rheological properties, and adsorption a t various interfaces. The eight general overview papers are well balanced and each contains auseful bihliography. The concepts are supported with recent experimental data, and trends in behavior are liberally illustrated diagramatically. The paper on ionic interaction and phase stability focusses on the influence of ion pairing and the formation of complex coacervates on deviations from ideality. A seneral contribution on adsorption of surfactants compares micellization with adsorption a t the liquid-air or liquid-liquid interface when the chemical structure of the surfactant molecule or the environment around it is changed. For example the effect ~f the addition of solutes which modify the 3tructure of water on the values of the free :nergy of adsorption and micelle formation IS discussed. The review on the use of surFactant and micellar systems in analytical :hemistry is particularly interesting. Their x e arises from their soluhilization power, :heir utilization as a reaction medium in nhich the rates, equilibrium position, prodlcts and in some eases the stereochemistry :an be affected and finally their ability to ;redly alter the microscopic properties and :hange the effective microenvironment about iolubilized solutes. Examples of analytical Ipplications of micellar systems are given for ~ltraviolet-visibleabsorption, fluorescence, Itomic absorption, electroanalytical methods nvolving potentiumetry and polarography ~ n dfor chemical separations including ~
A32 1 Journal of Chemical Education
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and some interesting results on head group effects and the relative importance of the hvdro~hobicand electrical forces in determining micelle shape and the extent of water penetration in the micellar core is discussed. Some of the mare specialized contrihutions ~ focus . . ~ on topics such as the relaxation kinetin of micellization, mixed micelle solutions, the effect of aromatic alcohols on thecritical micelle concentrations of cationic surfactants, aggregation phenomena in aqueous solutions, the micellar behavior of surfactants in water, the application of keto-end tautomerism to the study of micellar properties of surfaetants, solvent effects on amphiphilic aggregation, and the association behavior of synthetic and natural surfactants. Volume 2 focusses more on reactions and interactions in micellar media with particular attention given to micellar catalysis. Electrochemical investigations in micellar media are covered also. Microemulsions and reacphase behavior. A very important topic in surfactant chemistry is that of adsorption and a substantial part of volume 2 is devoted to this subject. In particular contributions are presented on the rheological properties of fluid interfaces.. a ~ d i e a t i o n sin tertiarv oil rrccmry nnd the intvrtacinl icnrion, and phase I h , h w 8 r i f pure ,uri;lctmt systems Thcw 15 umlwhtrdly a ntalth oi infm mation on surfactants in these two volumes and their acquisition represents a valuable addition to any library or ~ e r s o n acollection l on the subject.
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REGINALD P. T. TOMKINS Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark. NJ 07102
Surface Contamination: Genesis, Detection, and Control K L. Mittal, (Editor), Plenum Press. New York. 1979.Vols. I and 2, xxx 1056 pp. Figs. and tables. 25.5 X 17 cm. $39.50. @ or 565.00 set.
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The volumes document the proceedings of
